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Electron Beam Machining, EBM, E-Beam Machining & Cutting & Boring, Custom Manufacturing of Parts - AGS-TECH Inc. - NM - USA EBM Machining & Electron Beam Machining In ELECTRON-BEAM MACHINING (EBM) we have high-velocity electrons concentrated into a narrow beam which are directed toward the work piece, creating heat and vaporizing the material. Thus EBM is a kind of HIGH-ENERGY-BEAM MACHINING technique. Electron-Beam Machining (EBM) can be used for very accurate cutting or boring of a variety of metals. Surface finish is better and kerf width is narrower in comparison to other thermal-cutting processes. The electron beams in EBM-Machining equipment are generated in an electron beam gun. The applications of Electron-Beam Machining are similar to those of Laser-Beam Machining, except that EBM requires a good vacuum. Thus these two processes are classified as electro-optical-thermal processes. The workpiece to be machined with EBM process is located under the electron beam and is kept under vacuum. The electron beam guns in our EBM machines are also provided with illumination systems and telescopes for alignment of the beam with the workpiece. Workpiece is mounted on a CNC table so that holes of any shape can be machined using the CNC control and beam deflection functionality of the gun. To achieve the fast evaporation of the material, the planar density of the power in the beam must be as high as possible. Values up to 10exp7 W/mm2 can be achieved at the spot of impact. The electrons transfer their kinetic energy into heat in a very small area, and the material impacted by the beam is evaporated in a very short time. The molten material at the top of the front, is expelled from the cutting zone by the high vapor pressure at the lower parts. EBM equipment is built similarly to electron beam welding machines. Electron-beam machines usually utilize voltages in the range of 50 to 200 kV to accelerate electrons to about 50 to 80% of the speed of light (200,000 km/s). Magnetic lenses whose function is based on Lorentz forces are used to focus the electron beam to the surface of the workpiece. With the help of a computer, the electromagnetic deflection system positions the beam as needed so holes of any shape can be drilled. In other words, the magnetic lenses in Electron-Beam-Machining equipment shape the beam and reduce the divergence. Apertures on the other hand allow only the convergent electrons to pass and capture the divergent low energy electrons from the fringes. The aperture and the magnetic lenses in EBM-Machines thus improve the quality of the electron beam. The gun in EBM is used in pulsed mode. Holes can be drilled in thin sheets using a single pulse. However for thicker plates, multiple pulses would be needed. Switching pulse durations of as low as 50 microseconds to as long as 15 miliseconds are generally used. To minimize electron collisions with air molecules resulting in scattering and keep contamination to a minimum, vacuum is used in EBM. Vacuum is difficult and expensive to produce. Especially obtaining good vacuum within large volumes and chambers is very demanding. Therefore EBM is best suited for small parts that fit into reasonably sized compact vacuum chambers. The level of vacuum within the EBM’s gun is in the order of 10EXP(-4) to 10EXP(-6) Torr. The interaction of the electron beam with the work piece produces X-rays which pose health hazard, and therefore well trained personnel should operate EBM equipment. Generally speaking, EBM-Machining is used for cutting holes as small as 0.001 inch (0.025 millimetre) in diameter and slots as narrow as 0.001 inch in materials up to 0.250 inch (6.25 millimetres) thick. Characteristic length is the diameter over which the beam is active. Electron beam in EBM may have a characteristic length of tens of microns to mm depending on degree of focusing of the beam. Generally, the high-energy focused electron beam is made to impinge on the workpiece with a spot size of 10 – 100 microns. EBM can provide holes of diameters in the range of 100 microns to 2 mm with a depth up to 15 mm, i.e., with a depth/diameter ratio of around 10. In case of defocused electron beams, power densities would drop as low as 1 Watt/mm2. However in case of focused beams the power densities could be increased to tens of kW/mm2. As a comparison, laser beams can be focused over a spot size of 10 – 100 microns with a power density as high as 1 MW/mm2. Electrical discharge typically provides the highest power densities with smaller spot sizes. Beam current is directly related to the number of electrons available in the beam. Beam current in Electron-Beam-Machining can be as low as 200 microamperes to 1 ampere. Increasing the EBM’s beam current and/or pulse duration directly increases the energy per pulse. We use high-energy pulses in excess of 100 J/pulse to machine larger holes on thicker plates. Under normal conditions, EBM-machining offers us the advantage of burr-free products. The process parameters directly affecting the machining characteristics in Electron-Beam-Machining are: • Acceleration voltage • Beam current • Pulse duration • Energy per pulse • Power per pulse • Lens current • Spot size • Power density Some fancy structures can also be obtained using Electron-Beam-Machining. Holes can be tapered along the depth or barrel shaped. By focusing the beam below the surface, reverse tapers can be obtained. A wide range of materials like steel, stainless steel, titanium and nickel super-alloys, aluminum, plastics, ceramics can be machined using e-beam-machining. There could be thermal damages associated with EBM. However, the heat-affected zone is narrow due to short pulse durations in EBM. The heat-affected zones are generally around 20 to 30 microns. Some materials such as aluminum and titanium alloys are more readily machined compared to steel. Furthermore EBM-machining does not involve cutting forces on the work pieces. This enables machining of fragile and brittle materials by EBM without any significant clamping or attaching as is the case in mechanical machining techniques. Holes can also be drilled at very shallow angles like 20 to 30 degrees. The advantages of Electron-Beam-Machining: EBM provides very high drilling rates when small holes with high aspect ratio are drilled. EBM can machine almost any material regardless of its mechanical properties. No mechanical cutting forces are involved, thus work clamping, holding and fixturing costs are ignorable, and fragile/brittle materials can be processed without problems. Heat affected zones in EBM are small because of shorte pulses. EBM is able of providing any shape of holes with accuracy by using electromagnetic coils to deflect electron beams and the CNC table. The disadvantages of Electron-Beam-Machining: Equipment is expensive and operating and maintaining vacuum systems requires specialized technicians. EBM requires significant vacuum pump down periods for attaining required low pressures. Even though heat affected zone is small in EBM, the recast layer formation occurs frequently. Our many years of experience and know-how helps us to take advantage of this valuable equipment in our manufacturing environment. KLIK Product Finder-Locator Service PAGE sadurunge

Custom Electric Electronics Manufacturing, Lighting, Display, Touchscreen, Cable Assembly, PCB, PCBA, Wireless Devices, Wire Harness, Microwave Components Pabrikan Produk Listrik & Elektronik Kustom Waca liyane Majelis & Interkoneksi Kabel Listrik & Elektronik Waca liyane PCB & PCBA Manufaktur lan Majelis Waca liyane Komponen Listrik & Energi lan Sistem Manufaktur lan Majelis Waca liyane Manufaktur & Majelis Piranti RF lan Nirkabel Waca liyane Komponen Microwave lan Sistem Manufaktur & Majelis Waca liyane Sistem Pencahayaan & Iluminasi Manufaktur lan Majelis Waca liyane Solenoida lan Komponen Elektromagnetik & Majelis Waca liyane Komponen lan Majelis Listrik & Elektronik Waca liyane Tampilan & Layar Demek & Monitor Pabrikan lan Perakitan Waca liyane Otomasi & Sistem Robotik Manufaktur lan Majelis Waca liyane Sistem Embedded & Komputer Industri & PC Panel Waca liyane Peralatan Uji Industri We offer: • Majelis Kabel Custom, PCB, Tampilan & Layar Demek (kayata iPod), Komponen Daya & Energi, Nirkabel, Microwave, Komponen Kontrol Gerakan, Produk Lampu, Komponen Elektromagnetik lan Elektronik. Kita mbangun produk miturut spesifikasi lan syarat tartamtu. Produk kita diprodhuksi ing ISO9001: 2000, QS9000, ISO14001, TS16949 lingkungan certified lan duwe CE, UL tandha lan ketemu standar industri kayata IEEE, ANSI. Sawise ditunjuk kanggo proyek sampeyan, kita bisa ngurus kabeh manufaktur, perakitan, uji coba, kualifikasi, pengiriman & bea cukai. Yen luwih seneng, kita bisa nyimpen bagean sampeyan, ngumpulake kit khusus, nyetak lan menehi label jeneng & merek perusahaan lan dikirim menyang pelanggan. Ing tembung liyane, kita bisa dadi gudang lan pusat distribusi yen sampeyan seneng iki. Amarga gudang kita ana ing cedhak pelabuhan laut utama, iki menehi keuntungan logistik. Contone, nalika produk sampeyan teka ing pelabuhan laut utama AS, kita bisa langsung ngeterake menyang gudang toko sing bisa disimpen, ngumpul, nggawe kit, relabel, nyithak, paket miturut pilihan sampeyan lan ngirim kapal menyang pelanggan yen sampeyan pengin. . Kita ora mung nyedhiyakake produk. Perusahaan kita nggarap kontrak khusus ing ngendi kita teka ing situs sampeyan, ngevaluasi proyek sampeyan ing situs lan ngembangake proposal proyek sing dirancang khusus kanggo sampeyan. Kita banjur ngirim tim sing berpengalaman kanggo ngleksanakake proyek kasebut. Conto kerja kontrak kalebu instalasi modul solar, generator angin, lampu LED lan sistem otomatisasi hemat energi ing fasilitas industri sampeyan kanggo nyuda tagihan energi, instalasi sistem deteksi serat optik kanggo ndeteksi kerusakan ing pipa sampeyan utawa kanggo ndeteksi kemungkinan penyusup sing mlebu ing omah sampeyan. papan. Kita njupuk proyek cilik uga proyek gedhe ing skala industri. Minangka langkah pisanan, kita bisa nyambungake sampeyan liwat telpon, telekonferensi utawa MSN messenger menyang anggota tim ahli, supaya sampeyan bisa komunikasi langsung menyang pakar, takon lan ngrembug proyek sampeyan. Yen perlu, kita bakal teka lan ngunjungi sampeyan. Yen sampeyan butuh produk kasebut utawa sampeyan duwe pitakon, hubungi +1-505-550-6501 utawa email ing sales@agstech.net Yen sampeyan seneng banget karo kemampuan teknik lan riset & pangembangan tinimbang kemampuan manufaktur, mula sampeyan ngajak sampeyan ngunjungi situs web teknik http://www.ags-engineering.com KLIK Product Finder-Locator Service PAGE sadurunge

Automation, Small-Batch and Mass Production at AGS-TECH Inc. We manufacture low and high volume custom parts, subassemblies and assemblies for our customers. Automation / Small-Batch and Mass Production at AGS-TECH Inc In order to maintain our top spot as an outstanding supplier and engineering integrator with competitive prices, on-time delivery and high quality, we implement AUTOMATION in all areas of our business, including: - Manufacturing processes and operations - Material handling - Process and product Inspection - Assembly - Packaging Various levels of automation are required depending on product, quantities manufactured, and processes used. We are capable of automating our processes just to the right extent in order to meet the requirements of each order. In other words, if a high level of flexibility is required and quantities produced are low for a particular order, we assign the work order to our JOB SHOP or RAPID PROTOTYPING facility. At the other extreme, for an order that requires minimum flexibility but maximum productivity, we assign the production to our FLOWLINES and TRANSFER LINES. Automation provides us the advantages of integration, improved product quality and uniformity, reduced cycle-times, reduced labor costs, improved productivity, more economic use of floor space, safer environment for high volume production orders. We are equipped for both SMALL-BATCH PRODUCTION with quantities typically ranging between 10 to 100 pieces as well as MASS PRODUCTION involving quantities over 100,000 pieces. Our mass production facilities are equipped with automation equipment which are dedicated special-purpose machinery. Our facilities can accomodate low and high quantity orders because they operate with a variety of machines in combination and with various levels of automation and computer controls. SMALL-BATCH PRODUCTION: Our job shop personnel for small-batch production is highly skilled and experienced in working on special small quantity orders. Our labor costs are very competitive thanks to our highly skilled large number of workers at our China, South Korea, Taiwan, Poland, Slovakia and Malaysia facilities. Small-batch production has always been and will be one of our major areas of service and complements our automated production processes. Manual small-batch production operations with conventional machine tools does not compete with our automation flowlines, it offers us additional extraordinary capabilities and strength that manufacturers with purely automated production lines do not have. Under no circumstances should the value of small-batch production capabilities of our skilled manually working job shop personnel be underestimated. MASS PRODUCTION: For standardized products in large volumes such as valves, gears and spindles, our production machines are designed for hard automation (fixed-position automation). These are high value modern automation equipment called transfer machines that produce components very fast for pennies a piece in most cases. Our transfer lines for mass production are also equipped with automatic gaging and inspection systems that assure parts produced in one station is within specifications before being transferred to the next station in the automation line. Various machining operations including milling, drilling, turning, reaming, boring, honing…etc. can be performed in these automation lines. We also implement soft automation, which is a flexible and programmable automation method involving computer control of machines and their functions through software programs. We can easily reprogram our soft automation machines to manufacture a part that has a different shape or dimensions. These flexible automation capabilities give us high levels of efficiency and productivity. Microcomputers, PLCs (Programmable Logic Controller), Numerical Control Machines (NC) and Computer Numerical Control (CNC) are widely deployed in our automation lines for mass production. In our CNC systems, an onboard control microcomputer is an integral part of the manufacturing equipment. Our machine operators program these CNC machines. In our automation lines for mass production and even in our small-batch production lines we take advantage of ADAPTIVE CONTROL, where operating parameters automatically adapt themselves to conform to new circumstances, including changes in the dynamics of the particular process and disturbances that may arise. As an example, in a turning operation on a lathe, our adaptive control system does sense in real time the cutting forces, torque, temperature, tool-wear, tool damage and surface finish of the workpiece. The system converts this information into commands that alter and modify process parameters on the machine tool so that the parameters are either held constant within min and max limits or optimized for the machining operation. We deploy AUTOMATION in MATERIAL HANDLING and MOVEMENT. Material handling consists of functions and systems associated with the transportation, storage and control of materials and parts in the total manufacturing cycle of products. Raw materials and parts may be moved from storage to machines, from one machine to another, from inspection to assembly or inventory, from inventory to shipment….etc. Automated material handling operations are repeatable and reliable. We implement automation in material handling and movement for both small-batch production as well as mass production operations. Automation does reduce costs, and is safer for operators, since it eliminates the need to carry materials by hand. Many types of equipment is deployed in our automated material handling and movement systems, such as conveyors, self-powered monorails, AGV (Automated Guided Vehicles), manipulators, integral transfer devices…etc. Movements of automated guided vehicles are planned on central computers to interface with our automated storage/retrieval systems. We use CODING SYSTEMS as part of automation in material handling to locate and identify parts and subassemblies throughout the manufacturing system and to correctly transfer them to appropriate locations. Our coding systems used in automation are mostly bar coding, magnetic strips and RF tags which offer us the advantage of being rewritable and working even if there is no clear line of sight. Vital components in our automation lines are INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS. These are reprogrammable multifunctional manipulators for moving materials, parts, tools, and devices by means of variable programmed motions. Besides moving objects they do also other operations in our automation lines, such as welding, soldering, arc cutting, drilling, deburring, grinding, spray painting, measuring and testing….etc. Depending on the automated production line, we deploy four, five, six and up to seven degrees-of-freedom robots. For high accuracy demanding operations, we deploy robots with closed loop control systems in our automation lines. Positioning repeatabilities of 0.05 mm are common in our robotic systems. Our articulated variable-sequence robots enable human-like complex movements in multiple operation sequences, any of which they can execute given the proper cue like a specific bar code or a specific signal from an inspection station in the automation line. For demanding automation applications, our intelligent sensory robots carry out functions similar to humans in complexity. These intelligent versions are equipped with visual and tactile (touching) capabilities. Similar to humans, they have perception and pattern recognition capabilities and can make decisions. Industrial robots are not limited to our automated mass production lines, whenever needed we deploy them, small-batch production processes inclusively. Without the use of proper SENSORS, robots alone would not be sufficient for the successful operation of our automation lines. Sensors are an integral part of our data acquisition, monitoring, communication and machine control systems. Sensors widely used in our automation lines and equipment are mechanical, electrical, magnetic, thermal, ultrasonic, optical, fiber-optic, chemical, acoustic sensors. In some automation systems, smart sensors with capabilities to perform logic functions, two-way communication, decision-making and action-taking are deployed. On the other hand, some of our other automation systems or production lines deploy VISUAL SENSING (MACHINE VISION, COMPUTER VISION) involving cameras that optically sense objects, process the images, make measurements…etc. Examples where we use machine vision are real-time inspection in sheet metal inspection lines, verification of part placement and fixturing, monitoring of surface finish. Early in-line detection of defects in our automation lines prevents further processing of components and thus limits economic losses to a minimum. The success of automation lines at AGS-TECH Inc. relies heavily of FLEXIBLE FIXTURING. While some of the clamps, jigs and fixtures are being used in our job shop environment manually for small-batch production operations, other workholding devices such as power chucks, mandrels and collets are operated at various levels of mechanization and automation driven by mechanical, hydraulic and electrical means in mass production. In our automation lines and job shop, besides dedicated fixtures we do use intelligent fixturing systems with built-in flexibility that can accommodate a range of part shapes and dimensions without the need of making extensive changes and adjustments. Modular fixturing for example is widely used in our job shop for small-batch production operations to our advantage by eliminating the cost and time of making dedicated fixtures. Complex workpieces can be located into machines through fixtures produced quickly from standard components off our tool store shelves. Other fixtures we deploy throughout our job shops and automation lines are tombstone fixtures, bed-of-nails devices and adjustable-force clamping. We must emphasize that intelligent and flexible fixturing gives us the advantages of lower costs, shorter lead times, better quality in both small-batch production as well as automated mass production lines. An area of great importance for us is of course PRODUCT ASSEMBLY, DISASSEMBLY and SERVICE. We deploy both manual labor as well as automated assembly. Sometimes the total assembly operation is broken into individual assembly operations called SUBASSEMBLY. We offer manual, high-speed automatic and robotic assembly. Our manual assembly operations generally use simpler tools and are popular in some of our small-batch production lines. The dexterity of human hands and fingers offer us unique capabilities in some small-batch complex parts assemblies. Our high-speed automated assembly lines on the other hand use transfer mechanisms designed specially for assembly operations. In robotic assembly, one or multiple general-purpose robots operate at a single or multistation assembly system. In our automation lines for mass production, assembly systems are generally set up for certain product lines. We do however have also flexible assembly systems in automation which can be modified for increased flexibility in case a variety of models is needed. These assembly systems in automation do possess computer controls, interchangeable and programmable workheads, feeding devices and automated guiding devices. In our automation efforts we do always focus on: -Design for fixturing -Design for assembly -Design for disassembly -Design for service In automation the efficiency of disassembly and service are sometimes as important as the efficiency in assembly. The manner and ease with which a product may be taken apart for maintenance or replacement of its parts and serviced is a vital consideration in some product designs. AGS-TECH, Inc. has become a value added reseller of QualityLine production Technologies, Ltd., a high-tech company that has developed an Artificial Intelligence based software solution that automatically integrates with your worldwide manufacturing data and creates an advanced diagnostics analytics for you. This tool is really different than any others in the market, because it can be implemented very quickly and easily, and will work with any type of equipment and data, data in any format coming from your sensors, saved manufacturing data sources, test stations, manual entry .....etc. No need to change any of your existing equipment to implement this software tool. Besides real time monitoring of key performance parameters, this AI software provides you root cause analytics, provides early warnings and alerts. There is no solution like this in the market. This tool has saved manufacturers plenty of cash reducing rejects, returns, reworks, downtime and gaining customers goodwill. Easy and quick ! To schedule a Discovery Call with us and to find out more about this powerful artıficial intelligence based manufacturing analytics tool: - Please fill out the downloadable QL Questionnaire from the blue link on the left and return to us by email to sales@agstech.net . - Have a look at the blue colored downloadable brochure links to get an idea about this powerful tool. QualityLine One Page Summary and QualityLine Summary Brochure - Also here is a short video that gets to the point: VIDEO of QUALITYLINE MANUFACTURING AN ALYTICS TOOL PAGE sadurunge

Product Finder Locator for Partially Known Products AGS-TECH, Inc. Panjenengan Produsen Kustom Global, Integrator, Konsolidator, Mitra Outsourcing. Kita minangka sumber siji-mandeg kanggo manufaktur, fabrikasi, teknik, konsolidasi, outsourcing. Isi informasi sampeyan yen sampeyan ora ngerti persis produk sing sampeyan goleki nanging mung duwe informasi sebagean: Yen ngisi formulir ing ngisor iki ora bisa utawa angel banget, kita uga nampa panjaluk sampeyan liwat email. Cukup nulis kita ing sales@agstech.net Get a Price Quote on a partially known brand, model, part number....etc. First name Last name Email Phone Product Name if You Know: Product Make or Brand if You Know: Please Enter Manufacturer Part Number if Known: Please Enter SKU Code if You Know: Your Application for the Product: Quantity Needed: Do you have a price target ? If so, please let us know the price you expect: Give us more details if possible: Condition of Product Needed New Used Does Not Matter Yen sampeyan duwe, upload file sing cocog karo produk kanthi ngeklik link ing ngisor iki. Aja kuwatir, link ing ngisor iki bakal mbukak jendhela anyar kanggo ndownload file sampeyan. Sampeyan ora bakal navigasi adoh saka jendhela saiki iki. Sawise ngunggah file, nutup MUNG Jendhela Dropbox, nanging ora kaca iki. Priksa manawa sampeyan ngisi kabeh spasi lan klik tombol kirim ing ngisor iki. KLIK kene kanggo upload file Request a Quote Thanks! We’ll send you a price quote shortly. PAGE sadurunge Kita AGS-TECH Inc., sumber siji-mandeg kanggo manufaktur & fabrikasi & engineering & outsourcing & konsolidasi. Kita minangka integrator teknik paling maneka warna ing Donya sing nawakake sampeyan manufaktur khusus, subassembly, perakitan produk lan layanan teknik.

Global Product Finder & Product Locator Service, AI based productor finding, AI based product locating AGS-TECH, Inc. Panjenengan Produsen Kustom Global, Integrator, Konsolidator, Mitra Outsourcing. Kita minangka sumber siji-mandeg kanggo manufaktur, fabrikasi, teknik, konsolidasi, outsourcing. Global Product Finder & Service Locator Kita Product Finder / Product Locator Service kasedhiya ing upaya kanggo cepet nemokake produk sing looking for. Kita nggunakake database supplier global sing disetujoni lan uga piranti lunak Artificial Intelligence (AI) proprietary kanggo nemokake produk sing sampeyan telusuri kanthi cepet. Product Finder / Product Locator Service mesthekake yen sampeyan nampa penawaran cepet lan karo rega paling kasedhiya. Coba deleng cara kerjane: KLIK kene Click Here if you exactly know the product you are searching KLIK kene Klik ing kene yen sampeyan sebagéyan ngerti produk sing digoleki KLIK kene Click Here if you need a custom made product Kita AGS-TECH Inc., sumber siji-mandeg kanggo manufaktur & fabrikasi & engineering & outsourcing & konsolidasi. Kita minangka integrator teknik paling maneka warna ing Donya sing nawakake manufaktur, subassembly, perakitan produk lan layanan teknik khusus.

Computer Chassis - Racks - Shelves - 19 inch Rack - 23 inch Rack - Computer and Instrument Case Manufacturing - AGS-TECH Inc. - New Mexico - USA Sasis, Rak, Gunung kanggo Komputer Industri We offer you the most durable and reliable INDUSTRIAL COMPUTER CHASSIS, RACKS, MOUNTS, RACK MOUNT INSTRUMENTS and RACK MOUNTED SYSTEMS, SUBRACK, SHELF, 19 INCH & 23 INCH RACKS, FULL SİZE and HALF RACKS, OPEN and CLOSED RACK, MOUNTING HARDWARE, STRUCTURAL AND SUPPORT COMPONENTS, RAILS and SLIDES, TWO andFOUR POST RACKS that meet international and industry standards. Besides our off-the-shelf products, we are capable to build you any specially tailored chassis, racks and mounts. Some of the brand names we have in stock are BELKIN, HEWLETT PACKARD, KENDALL HOWARD, GREAT LAKES, APC, RITTAL, LIEBERT, RALOY, SHARK RACK, UPSITE TECHNOLOGIES. Here are brochures and catalogs of some industrial computer chassis, racks. Simply click on the respective blue text to download them: - Catalog for Vandal-Proof IP65/IP67/IP68 Keyboards, Keypads, Pointing Devices, ATM Pinpads, Medical & Military Keyboards and other similar Rugged Computer Peripherals - DFI-ITOX brand Industrial Chassis - 01 Series Instrument Case System-I from AGS-Electronics - 05 Series Instrument Case System-V from AGS-Electronics - 06 Series Plug-in Chassis from AGS-Electronics To choose a suitable Industrial Grade Chassis, Rack or Mount please go to our industrial computer store by CLICKING HERE. Dowload brochure for our DESIGN PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM Here is some key terminology that should be useful for reference purposes: A RACK UNIT or U (less commonly referred to as RU) is a unit of measure used to describe the height of equipment intended for mounting into a 19-inch rack or a 23-inch rack (The 19-inch or 23-inch dimension refers to the width of the equipment mounting frame in the rack i.e. the width of the equipment that can be mounted inside the rack). One rack unit is 1.75 inches (44.45 mm) high. The size of a piece of rack-mounted equipment is frequently described as a number in ''U''. For example, one rack unit is often referred to as ''1U'', 2 rack units as ''2U'' and so on. A typical full size rack is 44U, which means it holds just over 6 feet of equipment. In computing and information technology, however, half-rack typically describes a unit that is 1U high and half the depth of a 4-post rack (such as a network switch, router, KVM switch, or server), such that two units can be mounted in 1U of space (one mounted at the front of the rack and one at the rear). When used to describe the rack enclosure itself, the term half-rack typically means a rack enclosure that is 24U tall. A front panel or filler panel in a rack is not an exact multiple of 1.75 inches (44.45 mm). To allow space between adjacent rack-mounted components, a panel is 1⁄32 inch (0.031 inch or 0.79 mm) less in height than the full number of rack units would imply. Thus, a 1U front panel would be 1.719 inches (43.66 mm) high. A 19-inch rack is a standardized frame or enclosure for mounting multiple equipment modules. Each module has a front panel that is 19 inches (482.6 mm) wide, including edges or ears that protrude on each side which allow the module to be fastened to the rack frame with screws. Equipment designed to be placed in a rack is typically described as rack-mount, rack-mount instrument, a rack mounted system, a rack mount chassis, subrack, rack mountable, or occasionally simply shelf. A 23-inch rack is used for housing telephone (primarily), computer, audio and other equipment though is less common than the 19-inch rack. The size notes the width of the faceplate for the installed equipment. The rack unit is a measure of vertical spacing and is common to both the 19 and 23-inch (580 mm) racks. Hole spacing is either on 1-inch (25 mm) centres (Western Electric standard), or the same as for 19-inch (480 mm) racks (0.625 inches / 15.9 millimetres spacing). KLIK Product Finder-Locator Service PAGE sadurunge

Manufacturing Knowledge Center, Learn about manufacturing, technology, production methods, international standards related to manufacturing and products. AGS-TECH, Inc. Panjenengan Produsen Kustom Global, Integrator, Konsolidator, Mitra Outsourcing. Kita minangka sumber siji-mandeg kanggo manufaktur, fabrikasi, teknik, konsolidasi, outsourcing. Pusat Kawruh On this page, you will find links to useful information about product development, manufacturing, technical information related to manufacturing such as domestic and global standards....etc. Knowledge is power, so make this page one of your favorites and visit it whenever you need help. Klik kene, Takon Pitakonan & Entuk Jawaban Langsung PAGE sadurunge

Plasma Machining - HF Plasma Cutting - Plasma Gouging - CNC - Plasma Arc Welding - PAW - GTAW - AGS-TECH Inc. - New Mexico Plasma Machining & Cutting We use the PLASMA CUTTING and PLASMA MACHINING processes to cut and machine steel, aluminum, metals and other materials of different thicknesses using a plasma torch. In plasma-cutting (also sometimes called PLASMA-ARC CUTTING), an inert gas or compressed air is blown at high speed out of a nozzle and simultaneously an electrical arc is formed through that gas from the nozzle to the surface being cut, turning a portion of that gas to plasma. To simplify, plasma can be described as the fourth state of matter. The three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas. For a common example, water, these three states are ice, water and steam. The difference between these states relates to their energy levels. When we add energy in the form of heat to ice, it melts and forms water. When we add more energy, the water vaporizes in the form of steam. By adding more energy to steam these gases become ionized. This ionization process causes the gas to become electrically conductive. We call this electrically conductive, ionized gas a “plasma”. The plasma is very hot and melts the metal being cut and at the same time blowing the molten metal away from the cut. We use plasma for cutting thin and thick, ferrous and nonferrous materials alike. Our hand-held torches can usually cut up to 2 inches thick steel plate, and our stronger computer-controlled torches can cut steel up to 6 inches thick. Plasma cutters produce a very hot and localized cone to cut with, and are therefore very suitable for cutting metal sheets in curved and angled shapes. The temperatures generated in plasma-arc cutting are very high and around 9673 Kelvin in the oxygen plasma torch. This offers us a fast process, small kerf width, and good surface finish. In our systems using tungsten electrodes, the plasma is inert, formed using either argon, argon-H2 or nitrogen gases. However, we also use sometimes oxidizing gases, such as air or oxygen, and in those systems the electrode is copper with hafnium. The advantage of an air plasma torch is that it uses air instead of expensive gases, thus potentially reducing overall cost of machining . Our HF-TYPE PLASMA CUTTING machines use a high-frequency, high-voltage spark to ionize the air through the torch head and initiate arcs. Our HF plasma cutters do not require the torch to be in contact with the workpiece material at the start, and are suitable for applications involving COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL (CNC) cutting. Other manufacturers are using primitive machines that require tip contact with the parent metal to start and then the gap separation occurs. These more primitive plasma cutters are more susceptible to contact tip and shield damage at starting. Our PILOT-ARC TYPE PLASMA machines use a two step process for producing plasma, without the need for initial contact. In the first step, a high-voltage, low current circuit is used to initialize a very small high-intensity spark within the torch body, generating a small pocket of plasma gas. This is called the pilot arc. The pilot arc has a return electrical path built into the torch head. The pilot arc is maintained and preserved until it is brought into proximity of the workpiece. There the pilot arc ignites the main plasma cutting arc. Plasma arcs are extremely hot and are in the range of 25,000 °C = 45,000 °F. A more traditional method we also deploy is OXYFUEL-GAS CUTTING (OFC) where we use a torch as in welding. The operation is used in cutting of steel, cast iron and cast steel. The principle of cutting in oxyfuel-gas cutting is based on oxidation, burning and melting of the steel. Kerf widths in oxyfuel-gas cutting are in the neighborhood of 1.5 to 10mm. The plasma arc process has been seen as an alternative to the oxy-fuel process. The plasma-arc process differs from the oxy-fuel process in that it operates by using the arc to melt the metal whereas in the oxy-fuel process, the oxygen oxidizes the metal and the heat from the exothermic reaction melts the metal. Therefore, unlike the oxy-fuel process, the plasma-process can be applied for cutting metals which form refractory oxides such as stainless steel, aluminium, and non-ferrous alloys. PLASMA GOUGING a similar process to plasma cutting, is typically performed with the same equipment as plasma cutting. Instead of cutting the material, plasma gouging uses a different torch configuration. The torch nozzle and gas diffuser is usually different, and a longer torch-to-workpiece distance is maintained for blowing away metal. Plasma gouging can be used in various applications, including removing a weld for rework. Some of our plasma cutters are built in to the CNC table. CNC tables have a computer to control the torch head to produce clean sharp cuts. Our modern CNC plasma equipment is capable of multi-axis cutting of thick materials and allowing opportunities for complex welding seams that are not possible otherwise. Our plasma-arc cutters are highly automated through the use of programmable controls. For thinner materials, we prefer laser cutting to plasma cutting, mostly because of our laser cutter's superior hole-cutting abilities. We also deploy vertical CNC plasma cutting machines, offering us a smaller footprint, increased flexibility, better safety and faster operation. The quality of the plasma cut edge is similar to that achieved with the oxy-fuel cutting processes. However, because the plasma process cuts by melting, a characteristic feature is the greater degree of melting towards the top of the metal resulting in top edge rounding, poor edge squareness or a bevel on the cut edge. We use new models of plasma torches with a smaller nozzle and a thinner plasma arc to improve arc constriction to produce more uniform heating at the top and bottom of the cut. This allows us to obtain near-laser precision on plasma cut and machined edges. Our HIGH TOLERANCE PLASMA ARC CUTTING (HTPAC) systems operate with a highly constricted plasma. Focusing of the plasma is achieved by forcing the oxygen generated plasma to swirl as it enters the plasma orifice and a secondary flow of gas is injected downstream of the plasma nozzle. We have a separate magnetic field surrounding the arc. This stabilises the plasma jet by maintaining the rotation induced by the swirling gas. By combining precision CNC control with these smaller and thinner torches we are capable to produce parts that require little or no finishing. Material removal rates in plasma-machining are much higher than in the Electric-Discharge-Machining (EDM) and Laser-Beam-Machining (LBM) processes, and parts can be machined with good reproducibility. PLASMA ARC WELDING (PAW) is a process similar to gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). The electric arc is formed between an electrode generally made of sintered tungsten and the workpiece. The key difference from GTAW is that in PAW, by positioning the electrode within the body of the torch, the plasma arc can be separated from the shielding gas envelope. The plasma is then forced through a fine-bore copper nozzle which constricts the arc and the plasma exiting the orifice at high velocities and temperatures approaching 20,000 °C. Plasma arc welding is an advancement over the GTAW process. The PAW welding process uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode and an arc constricted through a fine-bore copper nozzle. PAW can be used to join all metals and alloys that are weldable with GTAW. Several basic PAW process variations are possible by varying the current, plasma gas flow rate, and the orifice diameter, including: Micro-plasma (< 15 Amperes) Melt-in mode (15–400 Amperes) Keyhole mode (>100 Amperes) In plasma arc welding (PAW) we obtain a greater energy concentration as compared to GTAW. Deep and narrow penetration is achievable, with a maximum depth of 12 to 18 mm (0.47 to 0.71 in) depending on the material. Greater arc stability allows a much longer arc length (stand-off), and much greater tolerance to arc length changes. As a disadvantage however, PAW requires relatively expensive and complex equipment as compared to GTAW. Also the torch maintenance is critical and more challenging. Other disadvantages of PAW are: Welding procedures tend to be more complex and less tolerant to variations in fit-up, etc. Operator skill required is a little more than for GTAW. Orifice replacement is necessary. KLIK Product Finder-Locator Service PAGE sadurunge

Transmission Components, Belts, Chains and Cable Drives, Conventional & Grooved or Serrated, Positive Drive, Pulleys Sabuk & Rantai & Majelis Penggerak Kabel AGS-TECH Inc. offers you power transmission components including Belts & Chains & Cable Drive Assembly. With years of refinement, our rubber, leather and other belt drives have become lighter and more compact, capable of carrying higher loads at lower cost. Similarly, our chain drives have gone through much development over time and they offer our customers several advantages. Some advantages of using chain drives are their relatively unrestricted shaft center distances, compactness, ease of assembly, elasticity in tension without slip or creep, ability to operate in high-temperature environments. Our cable drives also offer advantages such as simplicity in some applications over other types of transmission components. Both off-shelf belt, chain and cable drives as well as custom fabricated and assembled versions are available. We can manufacture these transmission components to the right size for your application and from the most suitable materials. BELTS & BELT DRIVES: - Conventional Flat Belts: These are plain flat belts without teeth, grooves or serrations. Flat belt drives offer flexibility, good shock absorption, efficient power transmission at high speeds, abrasion resistance, low cost. Belts can be spliced or connected to make larger belts. Other advantages of conventional flat belts are they are thin, they are not subject to high centrifugal loads (makes them good for high speed operations with small pulleys). On the other hand they impose high bearing loads because flat belts require high tension. Other disadvantages of flat belt drives can be slipping, noisy operation, and relatively lower efficiencies at low and moderate speeds of operation. We have two types of conventional belts: Reinforced and Non-Reinforced. Reinforced belts have a tensile member in their structure. Conventional flat belts are available as leather, rubberized fabric or cord, non-reinforced rubber or plastic, fabric, reinforced leather. Leather belts offer long life, flexibility, excellent coefficient of friction, easy repair. However leather belts are relatively expensive, need belt dressing and cleaning, and depending on the atmosphere they may shrink or stretch. Rubberized fabric or cord belts are resistant to moisture, acid and alkalis. Rubberized fabric belts are made up of plies of cotton or synthetic duck impregnated with rubber and are the most economical. Rubberized cord belts consist of a series of plies of rubber-impregnated cords. Rubberized cord belts offer high tensile strength and modest size and mass. Non-reinforced rubber or plastic belts are fit for light-duty, low-speed drive applications. Non-reinforced rubber and plastic belts can be stretched into place over their pulleys. Plastic non-reinforced belts can transmit higher power as compared to rubber belts. Reinforced leather belts consist of a plastic tensile member sandwiched between leather top and bottom layers. Finally, our fabric belts may consist of a single piece of cotton or duck folded and sewn with rows of longitudinal stitches. Fabric belts are able to track uniformly and operate at high speed. - Grooved or Serrated Belts (such as V-Belts): These are basic flat belts modified to provide the advantages of another type of transmission product. These are flat belts with a longitudinally ribbed underside. Poly-V belts are longitudinally grooved or serrated flat belt with tensile section and a series of adjacent V-shaped grooves for tracking and compression purposes. Power capacity depends on belt width. V-belt is the workhorse of industry and are available in a variety of standardized sizes and types for transmission of almost any load power. V-belt drives operate well between 1500 to 6000 ft/min, however narrow V-belts will operate up to 10,000 ft/min. V-belt drives offer long life such as 3 to 5 years and allow large speed ratios, they are easy to install and remove, offer quiet operation, low maintenance, good shock absorption between belt driver and driven shafts. V-belts disadvantage is their certain slip and creep and therefore they may not be the best solution where synchronous speeds are required. We have industrial, automotive and agricultural belts. Stocked standard lengths as well as custom lengths of belts are available. All standard V-belt cross sections are available from stock. There are tables where you can calculate unknown parameters such as belt length, belt section (width & thickness) provided you know some parameters of your system such as driving and driven pulley diameters, center distance between pulleys and rotational speeds of the pulleys. You may use such tables or ask us to choose the right V-belt for you. - Positive Drive Belts (Timing Belt): These belts are also flat type with a series of evenly spaced teeth on the inside circumference. Positive drive or timing belts combine the advantages of flat belts with the positive-grip characteristics of chains and gears. Positive drive belts reveal no slippage or speed variations. A wide range of speed ratios is possible. Bearing loads are low because they can operate at low tension. They are however more susceptible to misalignments in pulleys. - Pulleys, Sheaves, Hubs for Belts: Different types of pulleys are used with flat, ribbed (serrated) and positive drive belts. We do manufacture them all. Most of our flat belt pulleys are made by casting of iron, but steel versions are also available in various rim and hub combinations. Our flat-belt pulleys may have solid, spoked or split hubs or we can manufacture as you desire. Ribbed and positive-drive belts are available in a variety of stock sizes and widths. At least one pulley in timing-belt drives must be flanged to keep the belt on the drive. For long center drive systems, it is recommended to have both pulleys flanged. Sheaves are the grooved wheels of pulleys and are generally manufactured by iron casting, steel forming or plastic moulding. Steel forming is suitable process to manufacture automotive and agricultural sheaves. We produce sheaves with regular and deep grooves. Deep-groove sheaves are well suitable when V-belt enters the sheave at an angle, such as is the case in quarter-turn drives. Deep grooves are also well suited for vertical-shaft drives and applications where vibration of belts can be a problem. Our idler pulleys are grooved sheaves or flat pulleys that do not serve transmitting mechanical power. Idler pulleys are used mostly for tightening belts. - Single and Multiple Belt Drives: Single belt drives have a single groove whereas multiple belt drives have multiple grooves. By clicking the relevant colored text below you can download our catalogs: - Power Transmission Belts (includes V-Belts, Timing Belts, Raw Edge Belts, Wrapped Belts and Specialty Belts) - Conveyor Belts - V-Pulleys - Timing Pulleys CHAINS & CHAIN DRIVES: Our power transmission chains have some advantages such as relatively unrestricted shaft center distances, easy assembly, compactness, elasticity under tension without slip or creep, ability of operation under high temperatures. Here are the major types of our chains: - Detachable Chains: Our detachable chains are made in a range of sizes, pitch and ultimate strength and generally from malleable iron or steel. Malleable chains are made in a range of sizes from 0.902 (23 mm) to 4.063 inch (103 mm) pitch and ultimate strength from 700 to 17,000 lb/square inch. Our detachable steel chains on the other hand are made in sizes from 0.904 inch (23 mm) to about 3.00 inch (76 mm) in pitch, with ultimate strength from 760 to 5000 lb/square inch. - Pintle Chains: These chains are used for heavier loads and slightly higher speeds to about 450 feet/min (2.2 m/sec). Pintle chains are made of individual cast links having full, round barrel end with offset sidebars. These chain links are intercoupled with steel pins. These chains range in pitch from about 1.00 inch (25 mm) to 6.00 inch (150 mm) and ultimate strengths between 3600 to 30,000 lb/square inch. - Offset-Sidebar Chains: These are popular in drive chains of construction machinery. These chains work at speeds to 1000 ft/min and transmit loads to about 250 hp. Generally each link has two offset sidebars, one bushing, one roller, one pin, a cotter pin. - Roller Chains: They are available in pitches from 0.25 (6 mm) to 3.00 (75 mm) inch. The ultimate strength of single-width roller chains range between 925 to 130,000 lb/square inch. Multiple-width versions of roller chains are available and transmit greater power at higher speeds. Multiple-width roller chains also offer smoother action with reduced noise. Roller chains are assembled from roller links and pin links. Cotter pins are used in detachable version roller chains. The design of roller chain drives requires subject expertise. Whereas belt drives are based on linear speeds, chain drives are based on the rotational speed of the smaller sprocket, which is in most installations the driven member. Besides horsepower ratings and rotational speed, the design of chain drives is based on many other factors. - Double-Pitch Chains: Basically the same as roller chains except that the pitch is twice as long. - Inverted Tooth (Silent) Chains: High speed chains used mostly for prime mover, power-takeoff drives. Inverted tooth chain drives can transmit powers up to 1200 hp and are made up of a series of tooth links, alternately assembled with either pins or a combination of joint components. Center-guide chain has guide links to engage grooves in the sprocket, and the side-guide chain has guides to engage the sides of the sprocket. - Bead or Slider Chains: These chains are used for slow speed drives and also in manual operations. By clicking the relevant colored text below you can download our catalogs: - Driving Chains - Conveyor Chains - Large Pitch Conveyor Chains - Stainless Steel Roller Chains - Hoisting Chains - Motorcycle Chains - Agricultural Machine Chains - Sprockets: Our standard sprockets conform to ANSI standards. Plate sprockets are flat, hubless sprockets. Our small and medium-size hub sprockets are turned from bar stock or forgings or made by welding a bar-stock hub to a hot-rolled plate. AGS-TECH Inc. can supply sprockets machined from gray-iron castings, cast steel and welded hub constructions, sintered powder metal, molded or machined plastics. For smooth operation at high speeds, proper selection of size of sprockets is essential. Space limitations is of course a factor we cannot ignore when choosing a sprocket. It is recommended that the ratio of driver to driven sprockets should be no more than 6:1, and the chain wrap on the driver is 120 degrees. Center distances between the smaller and larger sprockets, chain lengths and chain tension must also be chosen according to some recommended engineering calculations & guidelines and not randomly. Download our catalogs by clicking colored text below: - Sprockets and Plate Wheels - Transmission Bushings - Chain Coupling - Chain Locks CABLE DRIVES: These have their advantages over belts and chain drives in some cases. Cable drives can accomplish the same function as belts and may also be simpler and more economic to implement in some applications. For example, a new series of Synchromesh Cable Drives are designed for positive traction to replace conventional ropes, simple cables and cog drives, especially in tight spaces. The new cable drive is designed to provide high precision positioning in electronic equipment such as copying machines, plotters, typewriters, printers,….. etc. A key feature of the new cable drive is its ability to be used in 3D serpentine configurations which enable extremely miniature designs. Synchromesh cables can be used with lower tension when compared with ropes thus reducing power consumption. Contact AGS-TECH for questions and opinion on belts, chain and cable drives. KLIK Product Finder-Locator Service PAGE sadurunge

Machine Elements Manufacturing, Gears, Gear Drives, Bearings, Keys, Splines, Pins, Shafts, Seals, Fasteners, Clutch, Cams, Followers, Belts, Couplings, Shafts Manufaktur Elemen Mesin Waca liyane Sabuk & Rantai & Majelis Penggerak Kabel Waca liyane Gears & Gear Drive Assembly Waca liyane Couplings & Bearings Manufacturing Waca liyane Keys & Splines & Pin Manufaktur Waca liyane Cams & Followers & Linkages & Manufaktur Roda Ratchet Waca liyane Produksi Shaft Waca liyane Produksi Seal Mekanik Waca liyane Kopling & Brake Assembly Waca liyane Fasteners Manufaktur Waca liyane Majelis Mesin Prasaja MACHINE ELEMENTS are elementary components of a machine. These elements consist of three basic types: 1.) Structural components including frame members, bearings, axles, splines, fasteners, seals, and lubricants. 2.) Mechanisms controlling movement in various ways such as gear trains, belt or chain drives, linkages, cam and follower systems, brakes & clutches. 3.) Control components like buttons, switches, indicators, sensors, actuators and computer controllers. Most of the machine elements we offer you are standardized to common sizes, but custom made machine elements are also available for your specialized applications. Customization of machine elements can take place on existing designs that are in our downloadable catalogs or on brand new designs. Prototyping and manufacturing of machine elements can be carried forward once a design is approved by both parties. If new machine elements need to be designed & manufactured, our customers either email us their own blueprints and we review them for approval, or they ask us to design machine elements for their application. In the latter case we use all input from our customers and design the machine elements and send the finalized blueprints to our clients for approval. Once approved, we produce first articles and subsequently manufacture the machine elements according to the final design. At any stage of this work, in case a particular machine element design performs unsatisfactorily in the field (which is rare), we review the entire project and make alterations jointly with our clients as needed. It is our standard practice to sign nondisclosure agreements (NDA) with our customers for the design of machine elements or any other product whenever needed or required. Once machine elements for a particular customer are custom designed and manufactured, we assign a product code to it and only produce and sell them to our customer who owns the product. We reproduce the machine elements using the developed tools, molds and procedures as many times as needed and whenever our customer reorders them. In other words, once a custom machine element is designed and produced for you, the intellectual property as well as all tooling and molds are reserved and stocked indefinitely by us for you and the products reproduced as you wish. We also offer our clients engineering services by creatively combining machine elements into a component or assembly that serves an application and meets or exceeds our customers expectations. Plants fabricating our machine elements are qualified by either ISO9001, QS9000 or TS16949. In addition, most of our products do have CE or UL mark and meet internationally relevant standards such as ISO, SAE, ASME, DIN. Please click on submenus to obtain detailed information about our machine elements including: - Belts, Chains and Cable Drives - Gears and Gear Drives - Couplings & Bearings - Keys & Splines & pins - Cams & Linkages - Shafts - Mechanical Seals - Industrial Clutch & Brake - Fasteners - Simple Machines We have prepared a reference brochure for our customers, designers and developers of new products including machine elements. You can familiar yourself with some commonly used terms in machine components design: Download brochure for Common Mechanical Engineering Terms used by Designers and Engineers Our machine elements find applications in a variety of fields such as industrial machinery, automation systems, test and metrology equipment, transportation equipment, construction machines and practically anywhere you can think of. AGS-TECH develops and manufactures machine elements from various materials depending on application. Materials used for machine elements could range from molded plastics used for toys to case hardened and specially coated steel for industrial machinery. Our designers use state of the art professional software and design tools for developing machine elements, taking into consideration details such as angles in gear teeth, stresses involved, wear rates….etc. Please scroll through our submenus and download our product brochures and catalogs to see if you can locate off-the-shelf machine elements for your application. If you cannot find a good match for your application, please let us know and we will work with you to develop and manufacture machine elements that will fulfill your needs. If you are mostly interested in our engineering and research & development capabilities instead of manufacturing capabilities, then we invite you to visit our website http://www.ags-engineering.com where you can find more detailed information about our design, product development, process development, engineering consulting services and more KLIK Product Finder-Locator Service PAGE sadurunge

Sheet Metal Forming and Fabrication, Stamping, Punching, Bending, Progressive Die, Spot Welding, Deep Drawing, Metal Blanking and Slitting at AGS-TECH Inc. Stampings & Sheet Metal Fabrikasi We offer sheet metal stamping, shaping, forming, bending, punching, blanking, slitting, perforating, notching, nibbling, shaving, pressworking, fabrication, deep drawing using single punch / single stroke dies as well as progressive dies and spinning, rubber forming and hydroforming; sheet metal cutting using water jet, plasma, laser, saw, flame; sheet metal assembly using welding, spot welding; sheet metal tube bulging and bending; sheet metal surface finishing including dip or spray painting, electrostatic powder coating, anodizing, plating, sputtering and more. Our services range from rapid sheet metal prototyping to high volume manufacturing. We recommend that you click here to DOWNLOAD our Schematic Illustrations of Sheet Metal Fabrication and Stamping Processes by AGS-TECH Inc. This will help you better understand the information we are providing you below. • SHEET METAL CUTTING : We offer CUTOFFS and PARTINGS. Cutoffs cut the sheet metal over one path at a time and there is basically no waste of material, whereas with partings the shape cannot be nestled precisely and therefore certain amount of material is wasted. One of our most popular processes is PUNCHING, where a piece of material round or other shape is cut out from sheet metal. The piece that is cut out is waste. Another version of punching is SLOTTING, where rectangular or elongated holes are punched. BLANKING on the other hand is the same process as punching, with the distinction of the piece being cut out is the work and is kept. FINE BLANKING, a superior version of blanking, creates cuts with close tolerances and straight smooth edges and does not require secondary operations for perfection of the workpiece. Another process we frequently use is SLITTING, which is a shearing process where sheet metal is cut by two opposing circular blades in a straight or curved path. Can opener is a simple example of the slitting process. Another popular process for us is PERFORATING, where many holes round or other shape are punched in sheet metal in a certain pattern. A typical example for a perforated product is metal filters with many holes for fluids. In NOTCHING, another sheet metal cutting process, we remove material from a work piece, starting at the edge or elsewhere and cut inward until the desired shape is obtained. It is a progressive process where each operation removes another piece until the desired contour is obtained. For small production runs we sometimes use a relatively slower process called NIBBLING which consists of many rapid punches of overlapping holes to make a larger more complex cut. In PROGRESSIVE CUTTING we use a series of different operations to obtain a single cut or a certain geometry. Finally SHAVING a secondary process helps us to improve edges of cuts that have already been made. It is used for cutting off the chips, rough edges on sheet metal work. • SHEET METAL BENDING : Besides cutting, bending is an essential process without which we would not be able to produce most products. Mostly a cold working operation but sometimes also performed when warm or hot. We use dies and press most of the time for this operation. In PROGRESSIVE BENDING we use a series of different punch and die operations to obtain a single bend or a certain geometry. AGS-TECH uses a variety of bending processes and makes the choice depending on the workpiece material, its size, thickness, desired size of bend, radius, curvature and angle of bend, location of bend, economy of operation, quantities to be manufactured…etc. We use V-BENDING where a V shaped punch forces the sheet metal into the V shaped die and bends it. Good for both very acute and obtuse angles and in between, including 90 degrees. Using wiping dies we perform EDGE BENDING. Our equipment enables us to obtain angles even larger than 90 degrees. In edge bending the workpiece is sandwiched between a pressure pad and the die, the area for bending is located on the die edge and the rest of the workpiece is held over space like a cantilever beam. When the punch acts on the cantilever portion, it is bent over the edge of the die. FLANGING is an edge bending process resulting in a 90 degree angle. Main goals of the operation are the elimination of sharp edges and obtaining geometric surfaces to ease the joining of parts. BEADING, another common edge bending process forms a curl over a part’s edge. HEMMING on the other hand results with an edge of the sheet that is bent completely over on itself. In SEAMING, the edges of two parts are bent over on each other and joined. DOUBLE SEAMING on the other hand provides watertight and airtight sheet metal joints. Similar to edge bending, a process called ROTARY BENDING deploys a cylinder with the desired angle cut out and serving as the punch. As the force is transmitted to the punch, it closes with the workpiece. The groove of the cylinder gives the cantilever portion the desired angle. The groove can have an angle smaller or larger than 90 degrees. In AIR BENDING, we do not need the lower die to have an angled groove. The sheet metal is supported by two surfaces on opposite sides and at a certain distance. The punch then applies a force at the right location and bends the workpiece. CHANNEL BENDING is performed using a channel shaped punch and die, and U-BEND is achieved with a U-shaped punch. OFFSET BENDING produces offsets on the sheet metal. ROLL BENDING, a technique good for thick work and bending of large pieces of metal plates, uses three rolls to feed and bend the plates to desired curvatures. Rolls are arranged so that the desired bend of the work is obtained. The distance and angle between the rolls is controlled to obtain the desired outcome. A moveable roll makes it possible to control the curvature. TUBE FORMING is another popular sheet metal bending operation involving multiple dies. Tubes are obtained after multiple actions. CORRUGATION is also performed by bending operations. Basically it is the symmetrical bending at regular intervals across an entire piece of sheet metal. Various shapes can be used for corrugating. Corrugated sheet metal is more rigid and has better resistance against bending and therefore has applications in the construction industry. SHEET METAL ROLL FORMING, a continuous manufacturing process is deployed to bend cross sections of a certain geometry using rolls and the work is bent in sequential steps, with the final roll completing the work. In some cases a single roll and in some cases a series of rolls are employed. • COMBINED SHEET METAL CUTTING & BENDING PROCESSES : These are the processes that cut and bend at the same time. In PIERCING, a hole is createdusing a pointed punch. As the punchwidens the hole in the sheet, the material is bent simultaneously into an internal flange for the hole. The flange obtained may have important functions. The LANCING operation on the other hand cuts and bends the sheet to create a raised geometry. • METAL TUBE BULGING AND BENDING : In BULGING some internal part of a hollow tube is pressurized, causing the tube to bulge outward. Since the tube is inside a die, the bulge geometry is controlled by the shape of the die. In STRETCH BENDING, a metal tube is stretched using forces parallel to the tube’s axis and bending forces to pull the tube over a form block. In DRAW BENDING, we clamp the tube near its end to a rotating form block that bends the tube while rotating. Lastly, in COMPRESSION BENDING the tube is held by force to a fixed form block, and a die bends it over the form block. • DEEP DRAWING : In one of our most popular operations, a punch, a matching die and a blank holder are used. The sheet metal blank is placed over the die opening and the punch moves towards the blank held by the blank holder. Once they come into contact, the punch forces the sheet metal into the die cavity to form the product. Deep drawing operation resembles cutting, however the clearance between the punch and die prevents the sheet from being cut. Another factor assuring the sheet is deep drawn and not cut are the rounded corners on the die and punch which prevents the shearing and cutting. To achieve a greater magnitude of deep drawing, a REDRAWING process is being deployed where a subsequent deep drawing takes place on a part that has already undergone a deep drawing process. In REVERSE REDRAWING, the deep drawn part is flipped over and drawn in the opposite direction. Deep drawing can provide irregular shaped objects such as domed, tapered or stepped cups, In EMBOSSING we use a male and female die pair to impress the sheet metal with a design or script. • SPINNING : An operation where a flat or preformed workpiece is held between a rotating mandrel and tail stock and a tool applies localized pressure to the work as it gradually moves up the mandrel. As a result, the workpiece is wrapped over the mandrel and takes its shape. We use this technique as an alternative to deep drawing where the quantity of an order is small, the parts are large (diameters up to 20 feet) and have unique curves. Even though the per piece prices are generally higher, the set-up costs for CNC spinning operation are low compared to deep drawing. To the contrary, deep drawing requires high initial investment for set-up, but the per piece costs are low when high quantity of parts are produced. Another version of this process is SHEAR SPINNING, where there is also metal flow within the workpiece. The metal flow will reduce the thickness of the workpiece as the process is carried out. Yet another related process is TUBE SPINNING, which is applied on cylindirical parts. Also in this process there is metal flow within the workpiece. The thickness is thus reduced and the tube’s length is increased. The tool can be moved to create features on the inside or outside of the tube. • RUBBER FORMING OF SHEET METAL : Rubber or polyurethane material is put in a container die and the work piece is placed on the surface of the rubber. A punch is then acted upon the work piece and forces it into the rubber. Since the pressure generated by the rubber is low, the depth of parts produced is limited. Since tooling costs are low, the process is suitable for low quantity production. • HYDROFORMING : Similar to rubber forming, in this process sheet metal work is pressed by a punch into a pressurized liquid inside a chamber. The sheet metal work is sandwiched between the punch and a rubber diaphragm. The diaphragm surrounds the workpiece completely and the pressure of the fluid forces it to form on the punch. Very deep draws even deeper than in the deep drawing process can be obtained with this technique. We manufacture single-punch dies as well as progessive dies depending on your part. Single stroke stamping dies are a cost effective method for producing large quantities of simple sheet metal parts such as washers quickly. Progressive dies or the deep drawing technique are used for manufacturing more complex geometries. Depending on your case, waterjet, laser or plasma cutting can be used to produce your sheet metal parts inexpensively, fast and accurately. Many suppliers have no idea about these alternative techniques or do not have it and therefore they go through lengthy and expensive ways of making dies and tools that only waste customers time and money. If you require custom built sheet metal components such as enclosures, electronic housings...etc as fast as within days, then contact us for our RAPID SHEET METAL PROTOTYPING service. KLIK Product Finder-Locator Service MENU sadurunge

Forging and Powdered Metallurgy, Die Forging, Heading, Hot Forging, Impression Die, Near Net Shape, Swaging, Metal Hobbing, Riveting, Coining from AGS-TECH Inc. Metal Forging & Powder Metalurgi The type of METAL FORGING processes we offer are hot and cold die, open die and closed die, impression die & flashless forgings, cogging, fullering, edging and precision forging, near-net-shape, heading, swaging, upset forging, metal hobbing, press & roll & radial & orbital & ring & isothermal forgings, coining, riveting, metal ball forging, metal piercing, sizing, high energy rate forging. Our POWDER METALLURGY and POWDER PROCESSING techniques are powder pressing and sintering, impregnation, infiltration, hot and cold isostatic pressing, metal injection molding, roll compaction, powder rolling, powder extrusion, loose sintering, spark sintering, hot pressing. We recommend that you click here to DOWNLOAD our Schematic Illustrations of Forging Processes by AGS-TECH Inc. DOWNLOAD our Schematic Illustrations of Powder Metallurgy Processes by AGS-TECH Inc. These downloadable files with photos and sketches will help you better understand the information we are providing you below. In metal forging, compressive forces are applied and the material is deformed and the desired shape is obtained. The most common forged materials in industry are iron and steel, but numerous others such as aluminum, copper, titanium, magnesium are also widely forged. Forged metal parts have improved grain structures in addition to sealed cracks and closed empty spaces, thus the strength of parts obtained by this process is higher. Forging produces parts that are significantly stronger for their weight than parts made by casting or machining. Since forged parts are shaped by making the metal flow into its final shape, the metal takes on a directional grain structure that accounts for the superior strength of the parts. In other words, parts obtained by forging process reveal better mechanical properties as compared to simple cast or machined parts. The weight of metal forgings can range from small lightweight parts to hundreds of thousands of pounds. We manufacture forgings mostly for mechanically demanding applications where high stresses are applied on parts such as automotive parts, gears, work tools, hand tools, turbine shafts, motorcycle gear. Because tooling and set-up costs are relatively high, we recommend this manufacturing process only for high volume production and for low volume but high value critical components such as aerospace landing gear. Besides cost of tooling, the manufacturing lead times for large quantity forged parts can be longer compared to some simple machined parts, but the technique is crucial for parts that require extraordinary strength such as bolts, nuts, special application fasteners, automotive, forklift, crane parts. • HOT DIE and COLD DIE FORGING : Hot die forging, as the name implies is carried out at high temperatures, the ductility is therefore high and strength of material low. This facilitates easy deformation and forging. To the contrary, cold die forging is carried out at lower temperatures and requires higher forces which results in strain hardening, better surface finish and accuracy of the manufactured parts. • OPEN DIE and IMPRESSION DIE FORGING : In open die forging, the dies do not constrain the material being compressed, whereas in impression die forging the cavities within the dies restrict material flow while it is forged into desired shape. UPSET FORGING or also called UPSETTING, which is actually not the same but a very similar process, is an open die process where the work piece is sandwiched between two flat dies and a compressive force reduces its height. As the height is reduced, the work piece width increases. HEADING, an upset forging process involves cylindrical stock that is upset at its end and its cross section is increased locally. In heading the stock is fed through the die, forged and then cut to length. The operation is capable to produce high quantities of fasteners rapidly. Mostly it is a cold working operation because it is used to make nail ends, screw ends, nuts and bolts where the material needs to be strengthened. Another open die process is COGGING, where the work piece is forged in a series of steps with each step resulting in compression of the material and the subsequent motion of the open die along the length of the work piece. At each step, the thickness is reduced and length is increased by a small amount. The process resembles a nervous student biting his pencil all along in small steps. A process called FULLERING is another open die forging method we often deploy as an earlier step to distribute the material in the work piece before other metal forging operations take place. We use it when the work piece requires several forging operations. In the operation, die with convex surfaces deform and cause metal flow out to both sides. A similar process to fullering, EDGING on the other hand involves open die with concave surfaces to deform the work piece. Edging also a preparatory process for subsequent forging operations makes the material flow from both sides into an area in the center. IMPRESSION DIE FORGING or CLOSED DIE FORGING as it is also called uses a die / mold that compresses the material and restricts its flow within itself. The die closes and the material takes the shape of the die / mould cavity. PRECISION FORGING, a process requiring special equipment and mold, produces parts with no or very little flash. In other words, the parts will have near final dimensions. In this process a well controlled amount of material is carefully inserted and positioned inside the mold. We deploy this method for complex shapes with thin sections, small tolerances and draft angles and when the quantities are large enough to justify the mold and equipment costs. • FLASHLESS FORGING : The workpiece is placed in the die in such a way that no material can flow out of the cavity to form flash. No undesired flash trimming is thus needed. It is a precision forging process and thus requires close control of the amount of material used. • METAL SWAGING or RADIAL FORGING : A work piece is circumferentially acted upon by die and forged. A mandrel may as well be used to forge the interior work piece geometry. In the swaging operation the work piece typically receives several strokes per second. Typical items produced by swaging are pointed tip tools, tapered bars, screwdrivers. • METAL PIERCING : We use this operation frequently as an additional operation in the manufacturing of parts. A hole or cavity is created with piercing on the work piece surface without breaking through it. Please note that piercing is different than drilling which results in a through hole. • HOBBING : A punch with the desired geometry is pressed into the work piece and creates a cavity with the desired shape. We call this punch a HOB. The operation involves high pressures and is carried out at cold. As a result the material is cold worked and strain hardened. Therefore this process is very suitable for manufacturing molds, die and cavities for other manufacturing processes. Once the hob is manufactured, one can easily manufacture many identical cavities without the need to machine them one by one. • ROLL FORGING or ROLL FORMING : Two opposing rolls are used to shape the metal part. The work piece is fed into the rolls, the rolls turn and pull the work into the gap, the work is then fed through the grooved portion of the rolls and the compressive forces give the material its desired shape. It is not a rolling process but a forging process, because it is a discrete rather than a continuous operation. The geometry on the rolls groves forges the material to the required shape and geometry. It is performed hot. Because of being a forging process it produces parts with outstanding mechanical properties and therefore we use it for manufacturing automotive parts such as shafts that need to have extraordinary endurance in tough work environments. • ORBITAL FORGING : Work piece is put in a forging die cavity and forged by an upper die that travels in an orbital path as it revolves on an inclined axis. At each revolution, the upper die completes exerting compressive forces to the entire work piece. By repeating these revolutions a number of times, sufficient forging is performed. The advantages of this manufacturing technique are its low noise operation and lower forces needed. In other words with small forces one can revolve a heavy die around an axis to apply large pressures on a section of the work piece that is in contact with the die. Disc or conical shaped parts are sometimes a good fit for this process. • RING FORGING : We frequently use to manufacture seamless rings. Stock is cut to length, upset and then pierced all the way through to create a central hole. Then it is put on a mandrel and a forging die hammers it from above as the ring is slowly rotated until desired dimensions are obtained. • RIVETING : A common process for joining parts, starts with a straight metal piece inserted in pre made holes through the parts. Thereafter the two ends of the metal piece are forged by squeezing the joint between an upper and lower die. • COINING : Another popular process carried out by mechanical press, exerting large forces over a short distance. The name “coining” comes from the fine details that are forged on the surfaces of metal coins. It is mostly a finishing process for a product where fine details are obtained on the surfaces as a result of the large force applied by the die that transfers these details to the work piece. • METAL BALL FORGING : Products such as ball bearings require high quality precisely manufactured metal balls. In one technique called SKEW ROLLING, we use two opposing rolls that continuously rotate as the stock is being continuously fed into the rolls. At the one end of the two rolls metal spheres are ejected as the product. A second method for metal ball forging is using die that squeeze the material stock placed in between them taking the spherical shape of the mould cavity. Oftentimes balls produced require some additional steps such as finishing and polishing in order to become a high quality product. • ISOTHERMAL FORGING / HOT DIE FORGING : An expensive process performed only when the benefit / cost value is justified. A hot working process where the die are heated to about the same temperature as the work piece. Since both die and work are about the same temperature, there is no cooling and the flow characteristics of the metal are improved. The operation is a good fit for super alloys and materials with inferior forgeability and materials whose mechanical properties are very sensitive to small temperature gradients and changes. • METAL SIZING : It is a cold finishing process. Material flow is unrestricted in all directions with the exception of the direction in which the force is applied. As a result, very good surface finish and accurate dimensions are obtained. • HIGH ENERGY RATE FORGING : The technique involves an upper mold attached to the arm of a piston that is rapidly pushed as a fuel-air mixture is ignited by a spark plug. It resembles the operation of pistons in a car engine. The mold hits the work piece very fast and then returns to its original position very fast thanks to the backpressure. The work is forged within a few milliseconds and therefore there is no time for the work to cool down. This is useful for hard to forge parts that have very temperature sensitive mechanical properties. In other words the process is so fast that the part is formed under constant temperature throughout and the there won’t be temperature gradients at the mold/work piece interfaces. • In DIE FORGING, metal is beaten between two matching steel blocks with special shapes in them, called dies. When the metal is hammered between the dies, it assumes the same shape as the shapes in the die. When it reaches its final shape, it is taken out to cool. This process produces strong parts that are of a precise shape, but requires a larger investment for the specialized dies. Upset forging increases the diameter of a piece of metal by flattening it. It is generally used to make small parts, especially to form heads on fasteners like bolts and nails. • POWDER METALLURGY / POWDER PROCESSING : As the name implies, it involves manufacturing processes for making solid parts of certain geometries and shapes from powders. If metal powders are used for this purpose it is the realm of powder metallurgy and if non-metal powders are used it is powder processing. Solid parts are produced from powders by pressing and sintering. POWDER PRESSING is used to compact powders into desired shapes. First, the primary material is physically powdered, dividing it into many small individual particles. Powder mixture is filled into the die and a punch moves towards the powder and compacts it into the desired shape. Mostly performed at room temperature, with powder pressing a solid part is obtained and it is called green compact. Binders and lubricants are commonly used to enhance compactability. We are capable of powder press forming using hydraulic presses with several thousand tons of capacity. Also we have double action presses with opposing top & bottom punches as well as multiple action presses for highly complex part geometries. Uniformity which is an important challenge for many powder metallurgy / powder processing plants is no big problem for AGS-TECH because of our extensive experience in custom manufacturing such parts for many years. Even with thicker parts where uniformity poses a challenge we have succeeded. If we commit to your project, we will make your parts. If we see any potential risks, we will inform you in advance. POWDER SINTERING, which is the second step, involves the raising of temperature to a certain degree and maintenance of the temperature at that level for a certain time so that the powder particles in the pressed part can bond together. This results in much stronger bonds and strengthening of the work piece. Sintering takes place close to the melting temperature of the powder. During sintering shrinkage will occur, material strength, density, ductility, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity are increased. We do have batch and continuous furnaces for sintering. One of our capabilities is adjusting the level of porosity of the parts we produce. For example we are able to produce metal filters by keeping the parts porous to some degree. Using a technique called IMPREGNATION, we fill the pores in the metal with a fluid such as oil. We do produce for example oil impregnated bearings that are self-lubricating. In the INFILTRATION process we fill a metal’s pores with another metal of lower melting point than the base material. The mixture is heated to a temperature in between the melting temperatures of the two metals. As a result some special properties can be obtained. We also frequently perform secondary operations such as machining and forging on powder manufactured parts when special features or properties need to be obtained or when the part can be manufactured with less process steps. ISOSTATIC PRESSING : In this process fluid pressure is being used to compact the part. Metal powders are placed in a mold made of a sealed flexible container. In isostatic pressing, pressure is applied from all around, contrary to axial pressure seen in conventional pressing. The advantages of isostatic pressing are uniform density within the part, especially for larger or thicker parts, superior properties. Its disadvantage is long cycle times and relatively low geometric accuracies. COLD ISOSTATIC PRESSING is carried out at room temperature and the flexible mold is made of rubber, PVC or urethane or similar materials. Fluid used for pressurizing and compacting is oil or water. Conventional sintering of the green compact follows this. HOT ISOSTATIC PRESSING on the other hand is carried out at high temperatures and the mould material is sheet metal or ceramic with high enough melting point that resists the temperatures. Pressurizing fluid is usually an inert gas. The pressing and sintering operations are performed in one step. Porosity is almost completely eliminated, a uniform grain structure is obtained. The advantage of hot isostatic pressing is that it can produce parts comparable to casting and forging combined while making materials that are not suitable for casting and forging possible to be used. Disadvantage of hot isostatic pressing is its high cycle time and therefore cost. It is suitable for critical parts of low volume. METAL INJECTION MOLDING : Very suitable process for producing complex parts with thin walls and detailed geometries. Most suitable for smaller parts. Powders and polymer binder are mixed, heated and injected into a mold. The polymer binder coats the surfaces of the powder particles. After molding, the binder is removed by either low temperature heating of dissolved using a solvent. ROLL COMPACTION / POWDER ROLLING : Powders are used to produce continuous strips or sheet. Powder is fed from a feeder and compacted by two rotating rolls into sheet or strips. The operation is carried out cold. The sheet is carried into a sintering furnace. The sintering process may be repeated a second time. POWDER EXTRUSION : Parts with large length to diameter ratios are manufactured by extruding a thin sheet metal container with powder. LOOSE SINTERING : As the name implies, it is a pressureless compaction and sintering method, suitable for producing very porous parts such as metal filters. Powder is fed into mold cavity without compacting. LOOSE SINTERING : As the name implies, it is a pressureless compaction and sintering method, suitable for producing very porous parts such as metal filters. Powder is fed into mold cavity without compacting. SPARK SINTERING : The powder is compressed in the mold by two opposing punch and a high power electric current is applied to the punch and passes through the compacted powder sandwiched in between them. The high current burns away surface films from the powder particles and sinters them with the heat generated. The process is fast because heat is not applied from outside but instead it is generated from within the mold. HOT PRESSING : The powders are pressed and sintered in a single step in a mold that can withstand the high temperatures. As the die compacts the powder heat is applied to it. Good accuracies and mechanical properties achieved by this method makes it an attractive option. Even refractory metals can be processed by using mold materials such as graphite. CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service MENU sadurunge