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Metal Stamping & Sheet Metal Fabrication, Zinc Plated Metal Stamped Parts, Wire and Spring Forming Metal Stamping & Sheet Metal Fabrikasi Seng dilapisi bagean prangko Stamping presisi lan mbentuk kawat Stamping logam presisi sing dilapisi seng Precision prangko bagean AGS-TECH Inc. presisi logam stamping Sheet Metal Fabrication dening AGS-TECH Inc. Sheet Metal Rapid Prototyping dening AGS-TECH Inc. Stamping saka washers ing volume dhuwur Pangembangan lan manufaktur omah Filter lenga sheet metal Fabrikasi komponen lembaran logam kanggo Filter lenga lan perakitan lengkap Pabrikan khusus lan perakitan produk lembaran logam Fabrikasi Head Gasket dening AGS-TECH Inc. Fabrikasi Set Gasket ing AGS-TECH Inc. Fabrikasi kandang lembaran logam - AGS-TECH Inc Prasaja Single lan Progressive Stamping saka AGS-TECH Inc. Stamping saka Metal lan Metal Alloys - AGS-TECH Inc Bagean lembaran logam sadurunge rampung operasi Sheet Metal Forming - Enclosure Listrik - AGS-TECH Inc Manufaktur Titanium Coated Cutting Blades kanggo Industri Pangan Fabrikasi Skiving Blades kanggo Industri Kemasan Pangan PAGE sadurunge

Micro-Optics, Micro-Optical, Microoptical, Wafer Level Optics, Gratings, Fresnel Lenses, Lens Array, Micromirrors, Micro Reflectors, Collimators, Aspheres, LED Produksi Mikro Optik One of the fields in microfabrication we are involved in is MICRO-OPTICS MANUFACTURING. Micro-optics allows the manipulation of light and the management of photons with micron and sub-micron scale structures and components. Some applications of MICRO-OPTICAL COMPONENTS and SUBSYSTEMS are: Information technology: In micro-displays, micro-projectors, optical data storage, micro-cameras, scanners, printers, copiers…etc. Biomedicine: Minimally-invasive/point of care diagnostics, treatment monitoring, micro-imaging sensors, retinal implants, micro-endoscopes. Lighting: Systems based on LEDs and other efficient light sources Safety and Security Systems: Infrared night vision systems for automotive applications, optical fingerprint sensors, retinal scanners. Optical Communication & Telecommunication: In photonic switches, passive fiber optic components, optical amplifiers, mainframe and personal computer interconnect systems Smart structures: In optical fiber-based sensing systems and much more The types of micro-optical components and subsystems we manufacture and supply are: - Wafer Level Optics - Refractive Optics - Diffractive Optics - Filters - Gratings - Computer Generated Holograms - Hybrid Microoptical Components - Infrared Micro-Optics - Polymer Micro-Optics - Optical MEMS - Monolithically and Discretely Integrated Micro-Optic Systems Some of our most widely used micro-optical products are: - Bi-convex and plano-convex lenses - Achromat lenses - Ball lenses - Vortex Lenses - Fresnel Lenses - Multifocal Lens - Cylindrical Lenses - Graded Index (GRIN) Lenses - Micro-Optical Prisms - Aspheres - Arrays of Aspheres - Collimators - Micro-Lens Arrays - Diffraction Gratings - Wire-Grid Polarizers - Micro-Optic Digital Filters - Pulse Compression Gratings - LED Modules - Beam Shapers - Beam Sampler - Ring Generator - Micro-Optical Homogenizers / Diffusers - Multispot Beam Splitters - Dual Wavelength Beam Combiners - Micro-Optical Interconnects - Intelligent Micro-Optics Systems - Imaging Microlenses - Micromirrors - Micro Reflectors - Micro-Optical Windows - Dielectric Mask - Iris Diaphragms Let us provide you some basic information about these micro-optical products and their applications: BALL LENSES: Ball lenses are completely spherical micro-optic lenses most commonly used to couple light in and out of fibers. We supply a range of micro-optic stock ball lenses and can manufacture also to your own specifications. Our stock ball lenses from quartz have excellent UV and IR transmission between 185nm to >2000nm, and our sapphire lenses have a higher refractive index, allowing a very short focal length for excellent fiber coupling. Micro-optical ball lenses from other materials and diameters are available. Besides fiber coupling applications, micro-optical ball lenses are used as objective lenses in endoscopy, laser measurement systems and bar-code scanning. On the other hand, micro-optic half ball lenses offer uniform dispersion of light and are widely used in LED displays and traffic lights. MICRO-OPTICAL ASPHERES and ARRAYS: Aspheric surfaces have a non-spherical profile. Use of aspheres can reduce the number of optics required to reach a desired optical performance. Popular applications for micro-optical lens arrays with spherical or aspherical curvature are imaging and illumination and the effective collimation of laser light. Substitution of a single aspheric microlens array for a complex multilens system results not only in smaller size, lighter weight, compact geometry, and lower cost of an optical system, but also in significant improvement of its optical performance such as better imaging quality. However, the fabrication of aspheric microlenses and microlens arrays is challenging, because conventional technologies used for macro-sized aspheres like single-point diamond milling and thermal reflow are not capable of defining a complicated micro-optic lens profile in an area as small as several to tens of micrometers. We possess the know-how of producing such micro-optical structures using advanced techniques such as femtosecond lasers. MICRO-OPTICAL ACHROMAT LENSES: These lenses are ideal for applications requiring color correction, while aspheric lenses are designed to correct spherical aberration. An achromatic lens or achromat is a lens that is designed to limit the effects of chromatic and spherical aberration. Micro-optical achromatic lenses make corrections to bring two wavelengths (such as red and blue colors) into focus on the same plane. CYLINDRICAL LENSES: These lenses focus light into a line instead of a point, as a spherical lens would. The curved face or faces of a cylindrical lens are sections of a cylinder, and focus the image passing through it into a line parallel to the intersection of the surface of the lens and a plane tangent to it. The cylindrical lens compresses the image in the direction perpendicular to this line, and leaves it unaltered in the direction parallel to it (in the tangent plane). Tiny micro-optical versions are available which are suitable for use in micro optical environments, requiring compact-size fiber optical components, laser systems, and micro-optical devices. MICRO-OPTICAL WINDOWS and FLATS: Milimetric micro-optical windows meeting tight tolerance requirements are available. We can custom manufacture them to your specifications from any of the optical grade glasses. We offer a variety of micro-optical windows made of different materials such as fused silica, BK7, sapphire, zinc sulphide….etc. with transmission from UV to middle IR range. IMAGING MICROLENSES: Microlenses are small lenses, generally with a diameter less than a millimetre (mm) and as small as 10 micrometres. Imaging Lenses are used to view objects in imaging systems. Imaging Lenses are used in imaging systems to focus an image of an examined object onto a camera sensor. Depending on the lens, imaging lenses can be used to remove parallax or perspective error. They can also offer adjustable magnifications, field of views, and focal lengths. These lenses allow an object to be viewed in several ways to illustrate certain features or characteristics that may be desirable in certain applications. MICROMIRRORS: Micromirror devices are based on microscopically small mirrors. The mirrors are Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). The states of these micro-optical devices are controlled by applying a voltage between the two electrodes around the mirror arrays. Digital micromirror devices are used in video projectors and optics and micromirror devices are used for light deflection and control. MICRO-OPTIC COLLIMATORS & COLLIMATOR ARRAYS: A variety of micro-optical collimators are available off-the-shelf. Micro-optical small beam collimators for demanding applications are produced using laser fusion technology. The fiber end is directly fused to the optical center of the lens, thereby eliminated epoxy within the optical path. The micro-optic collimator lens surface is then laser polished to within a millionth of an inch of the ideal shape. Small Beam collimators produce collimated beams with beam waists under a millimeter. Micro-optical small beam collimators are typically used at 1064, 1310 or 1550 nm wavelengths. GRIN lens based micro-optic collimators are also available as well as collimator array and collimator fiber array assemblies. MICRO-OPTICAL FRESNEL LENSES: A Fresnel lens is a type of compact lens designed to allow the construction of lenses of large aperture and short focal length without the mass and volume of material that would be required by a lens of conventional design. A Fresnel lens can be made much thinner than a comparable conventional lens, sometimes taking the form of a flat sheet. A Fresnel lens can capture more oblique light from a light source, thus allowing the light to be visible over greater distances. The Fresnel lens reduces the amount of material required compared to a conventional lens by dividing the lens into a set of concentric annular sections. In each section, the overall thickness is decreased compared to an equivalent simple lens. This can be viewed as dividing the continuous surface of a standard lens into a set of surfaces of the same curvature, with stepwise discontinuities between them. Micro-optic Fresnel lenses focus light by refraction in a set of concentric curved surfaces. These lenses can be made very thin and lightweight. Micro-optical Fresnel lenses offer opportunities in optics for highresolution Xray applications, throughwafer optical interconnection capabilities. We have a number of fabrication methods including micromolding and micromachining to manufacture micro-optical Fresnel lenses and arrays specifically for your applications. We can design a positive Fresnel lens as a collimator, collector or with two finite conjugates. Micro-Optical Fresnel lenses are usually corrected for spherical aberrations. Micro-optic positive lenses can be metalized for use as a second surface reflector and negative lenses can be metalized for use as a first surface reflector. MICRO-OPTICAL PRISMS: Our line of precision micro-optics includes standard coated and uncoated micro prisms. They are suitable for use with laser sources and imaging applications. Our micro-optical prisms have submilimeter dimensions. Our coated micro-optical prisms can also be used as mirror reflectors with respect to incoming light. Uncoated prisms act as mirrors for light incident on one of the short sides since incident light is totally internally reflected at the hypotenuse. Examples of our micro-optical prism capabilities include right angle prisms, beamsplitter cube assemblies, Amici prisms, K-prisms, Dove prisms, Roof prisms, Cornercubes, Pentaprisms, Rhomboid prisms, Bauernfeind prisms, Dispersing prisms, Reflecting prisms. We also offer light guiding and de-glaring optical micro-prisms made from acrylic, polycarbonate and other plastic materials by hot embossing manufacturing process for applications in lamps and luminaries, LEDs. They are highly efficient, strong light guiding precise prism surfaces, support luminaries to fulfill office regulations for de-glaring. Additional customized prism structures are possible. Microprisms and microprism arrays on wafer level are also possible using microfabrication techniques. DIFFRACTION GRATINGS: We offer design and manufacture of diffractive micro-optical elements (DOEs). A diffraction grating is an optical component with a periodic structure, which splits and diffracts light into several beams travelling in different directions. The directions of these beams depend on the spacing of the grating and the wavelength of the light so that the grating acts as the dispersive element. This makes grating a suitable element to be used in monochromators and spectrometers. Using wafer-based lithography, we produce diffractive micro-optical elements with exceptional thermal, mechanical and optical performance characteristics. Wafer-level processing of micro-optics provides excellent manufacturing repeatability and economic output. Some of the available materials for diffractive micro-optical elements are crystal-quartz, fused-silica, glass, silicon and synthetic substrates. Diffraction gratings are useful in applications such as spectral analysis / spectroscopy, MUX/DEMUX/DWDM, precision motion control such as in optical encoders. Lithography techniques make the fabrication of precision micro-optical gratings with tightly-controlled groove spacings possible. AGS-TECH offers both custom and stock designs. VORTEX LENSES: In laser applications there is a need to convert a Gaussian beam to a donut-shaped energy ring. This is achieved using Vortex lenses. Some applications are in lithography and high-resolution microscopy. Polymer on glass Vortex phase plates are also available. MICRO-OPTICAL HOMOGENIZERS / DIFFUSERS: A variety of technologies are used to fabricate our micro-optical homogenizers and diffusers, including embossing, engineered diffuser films, etched diffusers, HiLAM diffusers. Laser Speckle is the optical phenomena resulting from the random interference of coherent light. This phenomenon is utilized to measure the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) of detector arrays. Microlens diffusers are shown to be efficient micro-optic devices for speckle generation. BEAM SHAPERS: A micro-optic beam shaper is an optic or a set of optics that transforms both the intensity distribution and the spatial shape of a laser beam to something more desirable for a given application. Frequently, a Gaussian-like or non-uniform laser beam is transformed to a flat top beam. Beam shaper micro-optics are used to shape and manipulate single mode and multi-mode laser beams. Our beam shaper micro-optics provide circular, square, rectilinear, hexagonal or line shapes, and homogenize the beam (flat top) or provide a custom intensity pattern according to the requirements of the application. Refractive, diffractive and reflective micro-optical elements for laser beam shaping and homogenizing have been manufactured. Multifunctional micro-optical elements are used for shaping arbitrary laser beam profiles into a variety of geometries like, a homogeneous spot array or line pattern, a laser light sheet or flat-top intensity profiles. Fine beam application examples are cutting and keyhole welding. Broad beam application examples are conduction welding, brazing, soldering, heat treatment, thin film ablation, laser peening. PULSE COMPRESSION GRATINGS: Pulse compression is a useful technique that takes advantage of the relationship between pulse duration and spectral width of a pulse. This enables the amplification of laser pulses above the normal damage threshold limits imposed by the optical components in the laser system. There are linear and nonlinear techniques for reducing the durations of optical pulses. There is variety of methods for temporally compressing / shortening optical pulses, i.e., reducing the pulse duration. These methods generally start in the picosecond or femtosecond region, i.e. already in the regime of ultrashort pulses. MULTISPOT BEAM SPLITTERS: Beam splitting by means of diffractive elements is desirable when one element is required to produce several beams or when very exact optical power separation is required. Precise positioning can also be achieved, for example, to create holes at clearly defined and accurate distances. We have Multi-Spot Elements, Beam Sampler Elements, Multi-Focus Element. Using a diffractive element, collimated incident beams are split into several beams. These optical beams have equal intensity and equal angle to one another. We have both one-dimensional and two-dimensional elements. 1D elements split beams along a straight line whereas 2D elements produce beams arranged in a matrix of, for example, 2 x 2 or 3 x 3 spots and elements with spots that are arranged hexagonally. Micro-optical versions are available. BEAM SAMPLER ELEMENTS: These elements are gratings that are used for inline monitoring of high power lasers. The ± first diffraction order can be used for beam measurements. Their intensity is significantly lower than that of the main beam and can be custom designed. Higher diffraction orders can also be used for measurement with even lower intensity. Variations in intensity and changes in the beam profile of high power lasers can be reliably monitored inline using this method. MULTI-FOCUS ELEMENTS: With this diffractive element several focal points can be created along the optical axis. These optical elements are used in sensors, ophthalmology, material processing. Micro-optical versions are available. MICRO-OPTICAL INTERCONNECTS: Optical interconnects have been replacing electrical copper wires at the different levels in the interconnect hierarchy. One of the possibilities to bring the advantages of micro-optics telecommunications to the computer backplane, the printed circuit board, the inter-chip and on-chip interconnect level, is to use free-space micro-optical interconnect modules made of plastic. These modules are capable of carrying high aggregate communication bandwidth through thousands of point-to-point optical links on a footprint of a square centimeter. Contact us for off-shelf as well as custom tailored micro-optical interconnects for computer backplane, the printed circuit board, the inter-chip and on-chip interconnect levels. INTELLIGENT MICRO-OPTICS SYSTEMS: Intelligent micro-optic light modules are used in smart phones and smart devices for LED flash applications, in optical interconnects for transporting data in supercomputers and telecommunications equipment, as miniaturized solutions for near-infrared beam shaping, detection in gaming applications and for supporting gesture control in natural user interfaces. Sensing opto-electronic modules are used for a number of product applications such as ambient light and proximity sensors in smart phones. Intelligent imaging micro-optic systems are used for primary and front-facing cameras. We offer also customized intelligent micro-optical systems with high performance and manufacturability. LED MODULES: You can find our LED chips, dies and modules on our page Lighting & Illumination Components Manufacturing by clicking here. WIRE-GRID POLARIZERS: These consist of a regular array of fine parallel metallic wires, placed in a plane perpendicular to the incident beam. The polarization direction is perpendicular to the wires. Patterned polarizers have applications in polarimetry, interferometry, 3D displays, and optical data storage. Wire-grid polarizers are extensively used in infrared applications. On the other hand micropatterned wire-grid polarizers have limited spatial resolution and poor performance at visible wavelengths, are susceptible to defects and cannot be easily extended to non-linear polarizations. Pixelated polarizers use an array of micro-patterned nanowire grids. The pixelated micro-optical polarizers can be aligned with cameras, plane arrays, interferometers, and microbolometers without the need for mechanical polarizer switches. Vibrant images distinguishing between multiple polarizations across the visible and IR wavelengths can be captured simultaneously in real-time enabling fast, high resolution images. Pixelated micro-optical polarizers also enable clear 2D and 3D images even in low-light conditions. We offer patterned polarizers for two, three and four-state imaging devices. Micro-optical versions are available. GRADED INDEX (GRIN) LENSES: Gradual variation of the refractive index (n) of a material can be used to produce lenses with flat surfaces, or lenses that do not have the aberrations typically observed with traditional spherical lenses. Gradient-index (GRIN) lenses may have a refraction gradient that is spherical, axial, or radial. Very small micro-optical versions are available. MICRO-OPTIC DIGITAL FILTERS: Digital neutral density filters are used to control the intensity profiles of illumination and projection systems. These micro-optic filters contain well-defined metal absorber micro-structures that are randomly distributed on a fused silica substrate. Properties of these micro-optical components are high accuracy, large clear aperture, high damage threshold, broadband attenuation for DUV to IR wavelengths, well defined one or two dimensional transmission profiles. Some applications are soft edge apertures, precise correction of intensity profiles in illumination or projection systems, variable attenuation filters for high-power lamps and expanded laser beams. We can customize the density and size of the structures to meet precisely the transmission profiles required by the application. MULTI-WAVELENGTH BEAM COMBINERS: Multi-Wavelength beam combiners combine two LED collimators of different wavelengths into a single collimated beam. Multiple combiners can be cascaded to combine more than two LED collimator sources. Beam combiners are made of high-performance dichroic beam splitters that combine two wavelengths with >95% efficiency. Very small micro-optic versions are available. KLIK Product Finder-Locator Service PAGE sadurunge

AGS-TECH supplies off-the-shelf and custom manufactured filters, filtration products and membranes including air purification filters, ceramic foam filters, activated carbon filters, HEPA filters, pre-filtering media and coarse filters, wire mesh and cloth filters, oil & fuel & gas filters. Filter & Produk Filter & Membran We supply filters, filtration products and membranes for industrial and consumer applications. Products include: - Activated carbon based filters - Planar wire mesh filters made to customer's specifications - Irregular shaped wire mesh filters made to customer's specifications. - Other type of filters such as air, oil, fuel filters. - Ceramic foam and ceramic membrane filters for various industrial applications in petrochemistry, chemical manufacturing, pharmaceuticals...etc. - High performance clean room and HEPA filters. We stock off-the-shelf wholesale filters, filtration products and membranes with various dimensions and specifications. We also manufacture and supply filters & membranes according to customers specifications. Our filter products comply with international standards such as CE, UL and ROHS standards. Please click on the links below to select the filtration product of your interest. Activated Carbon Filters Activated carbon also called activated charcoal, is a form of carbon processed to have small, low-volume pores that increase the surface area available for adsorption or chemical reactions. Due to its high degree of microporosity, just one gram of activated carbon has a surface area in excess of 1,300 m2 (14,000 sq ft). An activation level sufficient for useful application of activated carbon may be attained solely from high surface area; however, further chemical treatment often enhances adsorption properties. Activated carbon is widely used in filters for gas purification, filters for decaffeination, metal extraction & purification, filtration & purification of water, medicine, treatment of sewage, air filters in gas masks and respirators, compressed air filters, filtering of alcoholic beverages like vodka and whiskey from organic impurities which can affect taste, odor and color among many other applications. Activated carbon is being used in various types of filters, most commonly in panel filters, non-woven fabric, cartridge type filters....etc. You can download brochures of our activated carbon filters from the links below. - Air Purification Filters (includes folded type and V-shaped Activated Carbon Air Filters) Ceramic Membrane Filters Ceramic membrane filters are inorganic, hydrophilic, and are ideal for extreme nano-, ultra-, and micro-filtration applications that require longevity, superior pressure/temperature tolerances and resistance to aggressive solvents. Ceramic membrane filters are basically ultra-filtration or micro-filtration filters, used to treat wastewater and water at higher elevated temperatures. Ceramic membrane filters are produced from inorganic materials such as aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, titanium oxide, and zirconium oxide. The membrane porous core material is first formed through extrusion process which becomes the support structure for the ceramic membrane. Then coatings are applied to the inner face or the filtering face with the same ceramic particles or sometimes different particles, depending on the application. For example, if your core material is aluminum oxide, we also use aluminum oxide particles as the coating. The size of ceramic particles used for the coating, as well as the number of coating applied will determine the pore size of the membrane as well as the distribution characteristics. After depositing the coating to the core, high-temperature sintering takes place inside a furnace, making the membrane layer integral of the core support structure. This provides us a very durable and hard surface. This sintered bonding ensures a very long life for the membrane. We can custom manufacture ceramic membrane filters for you from micro-filtration range to ultra-filtration range by varying the number of coatings and by using the right particle size for the coating. Standard pore sizes can vary from 0.4 microns to .01 micron size. Ceramic membrane filters are like glass, very hard and durable, unlike polymeric membranes. Therefore ceramic membrane filters offer a very high mechanical strength. Ceramic membrane filters are chemically inert, and they can be used at a very high flux compared to polymeric membranes. Ceramic membrane filters can be vigorously cleaned and are thermally stable. Ceramic membrane filters have a very long operational life, roughly three to four times as long compared to the polymeric membranes. Compared to polymeric filters, ceramic filters are very expensive, because ceramic filtration applications start where the polymeric applications end. Ceramic membrane filters have various applications, mostly in treating very difficult to treat water and wastewater, or where high temperature operations are involved. It also has vast applications in oil and gas, wastewater recycling, as a pre‑treatment for RO, and for removing precipitated metals from any precipitation process, for oil & water separation, food and beverage industry, microfiltration of milk, clarification of fruit juice, reclamation and collection of nano powders and catalyzers, in the pharmaceutical industry, in mining where you have to treat the wasted tailing ponds. We offer single channel as well as multiple channel shaped ceramic membrane filters. Both off-the-shelf as well as custom manufacturing is offered to you by AGS-TECH Inc. Ceramic Foam Filters Ceramic foam filter is a tough foam made from ceramics . Open-cell polymer foams are internally impregnated with ceramic slurry and then fired in a kiln , leaving only ceramic material. The foams may consist of several ceramic materials such as aluminium oxide , a common high-temperature ceramic. Ceramic foam filters get insulating properties from the many tiny air-filled voids within the material. Ceramic foam filters are used for filtration of molten metal alloys, absorption of environmental pollutants , and as substrate for catalysts requiring large internal surface area. Ceramic foam filters are hardened ceramics with pockets of air or other gases trapped in pores throughout the body of the material. These materials can be fabricated as high as 94 to 96% air by volume with high temperature resistances such as 1700 °C. Since most ceramics are already oxides or other inert compounds, there is no danger of oxidation or reduction of the material in ceramic foam filters. - Ceramic Foam Filters Brochure - Ceramic Foam Filter User's Guide HEPA Filters HEPA is a type of air filter and the abbreviation stands for High-Efficiency Particulate Arrestance (HEPA). Filters meeting the HEPA standard have many applications in clean rooms, medical facilities, automobiles, aircraft and homes. HEPA filters must satisfy certain standards of efficiency such as those set by the United States Department of Energy (DOE). To qualify as HEPA by US government standards, an air filter must remove from the air that passes through 99.97% of particles that are sized 0.3 µm. HEPA filter's minimal resistance to airflow, or pressure drop, is generally specified as 300 pascals (0.044 psi) at its nominal flow rate. HEPA filtration works by mechanical means and does not resemble the Ionic and Ozone filtration methods which use negative ions and ozone gas respectively. Therefore, the chances of potential pulmonary side-effects like asthma and allergies is much lower with HEPA filtering systems. HEPA filters are also used in high quality vacuum cleaners effectively to protect users from asthma and allergies, because HEPA filter traps fine particles such as pollens and dust mite feces which trigger allergy and asthma symptoms. Contact us if you would like to get our opinion about using HEPA filters for a particular application or project. You can download our product brochures for off-the-shelf HEPA filters below. If you cannot find the right size or shape you would need we will be happy to design and manufacture custom HEPA filters for your special application. - Air Purification Filters (includes HEPA Filters) - Private Label Industrial Filters (We can put your company name and logo on these filters. Includes also HEPA filters) Coarse Filters & Pre-Filtering Media Coarse filters and pre-filtering media are used to block large debris. They are of critical importance because they are inexpensive and protect the more expensive higher grade filters from being contaminated with coarse particulates and contaminants. Without coarse filters and pre-filtering media, the cost of filtering would have been much much higher as we would need to change fine filters much more frequently. Most of our coarse filters and pre-filtering media are made of synthetic fibers with controlled diameters and pore sizes. Coarse filter materials include the popular material polyester. Filtering efficiency grade is an important parameter to check for before choosing a particular coarse filter / pre-filtering media. Other parameters and features to check for are whether the pre-filtering media is washable, reusable, arrestance value, resistance against air or fluid flow, rated air flow, dust and particulate holding capacity, temperature resistance, flammability, pressure drop characteristics, dimensional and shape related specification...etc. Contact us for opinion before choosing the right coarse filters & pre-filtering media for your products and systems. - Wire Mesh and Cloth Brochure (includes information on our wire mesh & cloth filters manufacturing capabilities. Metal and nonmetal wire cloth can be used as coarse filters and pre-filtering media in some applications) - Air Purification Filters (includes Coarse Filters & Pre-Filtering Media for air) Oil, Fuel, Gas, Air and Water Filters AGS-TECH Inc. designs and manufactures oil, fuel, gas, air and water filters according to customer's requirements for industrial machinery, automobiles, motorboats, motorcycles...etc. Oil filters are designed to remove contaminants from engine oil , transmission oil , lubricating oil , hydraulic oil . Oil filters are used in many different types of hydraulic machinery . Oil production, transportation industry, and recycling facilities also employ oil and fuel filters in their manufacturing processes. OEM orders are welcome, we label, silkscreen print, laser mark oil, fuel, gas, air and water filters according to your requirements, we put your logos on the product and package according to your needs and requirements. If desired, housing materials for your oil, fuel, gas, air, water filters can be customized depending on your particular application. Information about our standard off-the-shelf oil, fuel, gas, air and water filters can be downloaded below. - Air Purification Filters - Oil - Fuel - Gas - Air - Water Filters Selection Brochure for Automobiles, Motorcycles, Trucks and Buses - Private Label Industrial Filters (We can put your company name and logo on these filters) Membranes A membrane is a selective barrier; it allows some things to pass through but stops others. Such things may be molecules, ions, or other small particles. Generally, polymeric membranes are used to separate, concentrate, or fractionate a wide variety of liquids. Membranes serve as a thin barrier between miscible fluids that allow for preferential transport of one or more feed components when a driving force is applied, such as a pressure differential. We offer a suite of nanofiltration, ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes that are engineered to provide optimal flux and rejection and can be customized to meet the unique requirements of specific process applications. Membrane filtration systems are the heart of many separation processes. Technology selection, equipment design, and fabrication quality are all critical factors in the ultimate success of a project. To start, the proper membrane configuration must be selected. Contact us for help in your projects. PAGE sadurunge

Motion Control, Positioning, Motorized Stage, Actuator, Gripper, Servo Amplifier, Hardware Software Interface Card, Translation Stages, Rotary Table,Servo Motor Otomasi & Sistem Robotik Manufaktur lan Majelis Being an engineering integrator, we can provide you AUTOMATION SYSTEMS including: • Motion control and positioning assemblies, motors, motion controller, servo amplifier, motorized stage, lift stage, goniometers, drives, actuators, grippers, direct drive air bearing spindles, hardware-software interface cards and software, custom built pick and place systems, custom built automated inspection systems assembled from translation/rotary stages and cameras, custom built robots, custom automation systems. We also supply manual positioner, manual tilt, rotary or linear stage for simpler applications. A large selection of linear and rotary tables/slides/stages that utilize brushless linear direct-drive servomotors, as well as ball screw models driven with brush or brushless rotary motors are available. Air bearing systems are also an option in automation. Depending on your automation requirements and application, we choose translation stages with suitable travel distance, speed, accuracy, resolution, repeatability, load capacity, in-position stability, reliability...etc. Again, depending on your automation application we can supply you either a purely linear or linear/rotary combination stage. We can manufacture special fixtures, tools and combine them with your motion control hardware to turn them into a complete turnkey automation solution for you. If you require also assistance with installing drivers, code writing for specially developed software with user friendly interface, we can send our experienced automation engineer to your site on a contract basis. Our engineer can directly communicate with you on a daily basis so that at the end you have a custom tailored automation system free of bugs and meeting your expectations. Goniometers: For high-accuracy angular alignment of optical components. The design utilizes direct-drive noncontact motor technology. When used with the multiplier, it provides a positioning speed of 150 degrees per second. So whether you are thinking of an automation system with a moving camera, taking snapshots of a product and analyzing the images acquired to determine a product defect, or whether you are trying to reduce manufacturing leadtimes by integrating a pick and place robot to your automated manufacturing, call us, contact us and you will be glad with the solutions we can provide you. ROBOTS and COBOTS Here are brochures of some off-shelf robots you can download. If you wish we can build you customized robots and cobots that will better fit your needs and applications. We can either redesign and modify existing robot platforms or make new designs for you. Click on blue colored text below to download catalogs: - Collaborative Robots - Customized Agricultural Robots - Customized Commercial Places Robots - Customized Health Care and Hospital Robots - Customized Warehousing Robots - Customized Robots for a Variety of Applications - Food and Beverage Delivery Robot-A302-A302D - Hospital Delivery Robot A801 - Indoor Delivery Robots A301-A301A - Indoor Delivery Robot A305 - Mobile Robot Platform A001 - Robotic Laser Welding Workstation - Robotics Product Brochure - Robotics Workstations - Robot Palletizing Workstation - Robotic Vending Machine A406 - Security Robot A602 - Selection Guide of Industrial Robot Platforms - Small Objects Transfer Robot A503 - Warehouse Logistics Robots A201-A201A - Welding Robots Brochure OTHER ALTERNATIVE ROBOTS and COBOTS No one design or product meets every customer's needs. Below are downloadable brochures for our other products. - Hikrobot Mobile Robots Catalog - Hikvision Logistic Vision Solutions AUTOMATION COMPONENTS AND SPARE PARTS Click on highlighted text to download brochures and catalogs of products you can use as accessories, spare components in building automation systems, robots and cobots: - Barcode and Fixed Mount Scanners - RFID Products - Mobile Computers - Micro Kiosks OEM Technology (We private label these with your brand name and logo if you wish) - Barcode Scanners (We private label these with your brand name and logo if you wish) - Fixed Industrial Scanners (We private label these with your brand name and logo if you wish) - Hikrobot Machine Vision Products - Hikrobot Smart Machine Vision Products - Hikrobot Machine Vision Standard Products - Kinco automation products, including HMI, stepper system, ED servo, CD servo, PLC, field bus. - Kiosk Systems (We private label these with your brand name and logo if you wish) - Kiosk Systems Accessories Guide (We private label these with your brand name and logo if you wish) - Linear Bearings, Die-Set Flange Mount Bearings, Pillow Blocks, Square Bearings and various Shafts & Slides for motion control - Mobile Computers for Enterprises (We private label these with your brand name and logo if you wish) - Motor Starter with UL and CE Certification NS2100111-1158052 - Printers for Barcode Scanners and Mobile Computers (We private label these with your brand name and logo if you wish) - Process Automation Solutions (We private label these with your brand name and logo if you wish) - RFID Readers - Scanners - Encoders - Printers (We private label these with your brand name and logo if you wish) - Vandal-Proof IP65/IP67/IP68 Keyboards, Keypads, Pointing Devices, ATM Pinpads, Medical & Military Keyboards and other similar Rugged Computer Peripherals Download brochure for our CUSTOM MACHINE AND EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING Dowload brochure for our DESIGN PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM If you are looking for industrial computers, embedded computers, panel PC for your automation system, we invite you to visit our industrial computers store at http://www.agsindustrialcomputers.com If you would like to obtain more information about our engineering and research & development capabilities besides manufacturing capabilities, then we invite you to visit our engineering site http://www.ags-engineering.com KLIK Product Finder-Locator Service PAGE sadurunge

AGS-TECH Inc. supplies off-the-shelf as well as custom manufactured brushes. Many types are offered including industrial brush, agricultural brushes, municipal brushes, copper wire brush, zig zag brush, roller brush, side brushes, metal polishing brush, window cleaning brushes, heavy industrial scrubbing brush...etc. Pabrik sikat & sikat AGS-TECH has experts in the consultancy, design and manufacturing of brushes for cleaning and processing equipment manufacturers. We work with you to offer innovative custom brush design solutions. Brush prototypes are developed before volume production runs. We help you to design, develop and manufacture high quality brushes for optimal machine performance. Products can be produced almost at any dimensional specifications you prefer or is suitable for your application. Also the brush bristles can be of various lengths and materials. Both natural and synthetic bristles and materials are being used in our brushes depending on the application. Sometimes we are able to offer you an off-the-shelf brush that will fit your application and needs. Just let us know your needs and we are here to help you. Some of the types of brushes we are able to supply you are: Industrial Brushes Agricultural Brushes Vegetable Brushes Municipal Brushes Copper Wire Brush Zig Zag Brushes Roller Brush Side Brushes Roller Brushes Disk Brushes Circular Brushes Ring Brushes and Spacers Cleaning Brushes Conveyor Cleaning Brush Polishing Brushes Metal Polishing Brush Window Cleaning Brushes Glass Manufacturing Brushes Trommel Screen Brushes Strip Brushes Industrial Cylinder Brushes Brushes with Varying Bristle Lengths Variable & Adjustable Bristle Length Brushes Synthetic Fibers Brush Natural Fibers Brush Lath Brush Heavy Industrial Scrubbing Brushes Specialist Commercial Brushes If you do have detailed blueprints of brushes you need manufactured, that is perfect. Just send them to us for evaluation. If you do not have blueprints, no problem. A sample, a photo or a hand sketch of the brush may be sufficient initially for most projects. We will send you special templates to fill in your requirements and details so we can evaluate, design and manufacture your product correctly. In our templates we have questions on details such as: Brush face length Tube length Tube inside and outside diameters Disk inside and outside diameters Disk thickness Brush diameter Brush height Tuft diameter Density Material and color of bristles Bristle diameter Brush pattern & fill pattern (double row helical, double row chevron, full fill,….etc.) Brush drive of choice Applications for the brushes (food, pharmaceuticals, polishing of metals, industrial cleaning…etc.) With your brushes we can supply you accessories such as pad holders, hooked pads, necessary attachments, disk drives, drive coupling…etc. If you are unfamiliar with these brush specs, again no problem. We will guide you throughout the design process. PAGE sadurunge

Nanomanufacturing - Nanoparticles - Nanotubes - Nanocomposites - Nanophase Ceramics - CNT - AGS-TECH Inc. - New Mexico Manufaktur Skala Nano / Manufaktur Nano Our nanometer length scale parts and products are produced using NANOSCALE MANUFACTURING / NANOMANUFACTURING. This area is still in its infancy, but holds great promises for the future. Molecularly engineered devices, medicines, pigments…etc. are being developed and we are working with our partners to stay ahead of the competition. The following are some of the commercially available products we currently offer: CARBON NANOTUBES NANOPARTICLES NANOPHASE CERAMICS CARBON BLACK REINFORCEMENT for rubber and polymers NANOCOMPOSITES in tennis balls, baseball bats, motorcycles and bikes MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES for data storage NANOPARTICLE catalytic converters Nanomaterials may be any one of the four types, namely metals, ceramics, polymers or composites. Generally, NANOSTRUCTURES are less than 100 nanometers. In nanomanufacturing we take one of two approaches. As an example, in our top-down approach we take a silicon wafer, use lithography, wet and dry etching methods to construct tiny microprocessors, sensors, probes. On the other hand, in our bottom-up nanomanufacturing approach we use atoms and molecules to build tiny devices. Some of the physical and chemical characteristics exhibited by matter may experience extreme changes as particle size approaches atomic dimensions. Opaque materials in their macroscopic state may become transparent in their nanoscale. Materials that are chemically stable in macrostate may become combustible in their nanoscale and electrically insulating materials may become conductors. Currently the following are among the commercial products we are able to offer: CARBON NANOTUBE (CNT) DEVICES / NANOTUBES: We can visualize carbon nanotubes as tubular forms of graphite from which nanoscale devices can be constructed. CVD, laser ablation of graphite, carbon-arc discharge can be used to produce carbon nanotube devices. Nanotubes are categorized as single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) and multi-walled nanotubes (MWNTs) and can be doped with other elements. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are allotropes of carbon with a nanostructure that can have a length-to-diameter ratio greater than 10,000,000 and as high as 40,000,000 and even higher. These cylindrical carbon molecules have properties that make them potentially useful in applications in nanotechnology, electronics, optics, architecture and other fields of materials science. They exhibit extraordinary strength and unique electrical properties, and are efficient conductors of heat. Nanotubes and spherical buckyballs are members of the fullerene structural family. The cylindrical nanotube usually has at least one end capped with a hemisphere of the buckyball structure. The name nanotube is derived from its size, since the diameter of a nanotube is in the order of a few nanometers, with lengths of at least several millimeters. The nature of the bonding of a nanotube is described by orbital hybridization. The chemical bonding of nanotubes is composed entirely of sp2 bonds, similar to those of graphite. This bonding structure, is stronger than the sp3 bonds found in diamonds, and provides the molecules with their unique strength. Nanotubes naturally align themselves into ropes held together by Van der Waals forces. Under high pressure, nanotubes can merge together, trading some sp2 bonds for sp3 bonds, giving the possibility of producing strong, unlimited-length wires through high-pressure nanotube linking. The strength and flexibility of carbon nanotubes makes them of potential use in controlling other nanoscale structures. Single-walled nanotubes with tensile strengths between 50 and 200 GPa have been produced, and these values are approximately an order of magnitude greater than for carbon fibers. Elastic modulus values are on the order of 1 Tetrapascal (1000 GPa) with fracture strains between about 5% to 20%. The outstanding mechanical properties of the carbon nanotubes makes us use them in tough clothes and sports gear, combat jackets. Carbon nanotubes have strength comparable to diamond, and they are weaved into clothes to create stab-proof and bulletproof clothing. By cross-linking CNT molecules prior to incorporation in a polymer matrix we can form a super high strength composite material. This CNT composite could have a tensile strength on the order of 20 million psi (138 GPa), revolutionizing engineering design where low weight and high strength is required. Carbon nanotubes reveal also unusual current conduction mechanisms. Depending on the orientation of the hexagonal units in the graphene plane (i.e. tube walls) with the tube axis, the carbon nanotubes may behave either as metals or semiconductors. As conductors, carbon nanotubes have very high electrical current-carrying capability. Some nanotubes may be able to carry current densities over 1000 times that of silver or copper. Carbon nanotubes incorporated into polymers improve their static electricity discharge capability. This has applications in automobile and airplane fuel lines and production of hydrogen storage tanks for hydrogen-powered vehicles. Carbon nanotubes have shown to exhibit strong electron-phonon resonances, which indicate that under certain direct current (DC) bias and doping conditions their current and the average electron velocity, as well as the electron concentration on the tube oscillate at terahertz frequencies. These resonances can be used to make terahertz sources or sensors. Transistors and nanotube integrated memory circuits have been demonstrated. The carbon nanotubes are used as a vessel for transporting drugs into the body. The nanotube allows for the drug dosage to be lowered by localizing its distribution. This is also economically viable due to lower amounts of drugs being used.. The drug can be either attached to the side of the nanotube or trailed behind, or the drug can actually be placed inside the nanotube. Bulk nanotubes are a mass of rather unorganized fragments of nanotubes. Bulk nanotube materials may not reach tensile strengths similar to that of individual tubes, but such composites may nevertheless yield strengths sufficient for many applications. Bulk carbon nanotubes are being used as composite fibers in polymers to improve the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of the bulk product. Transparent, conductive films of carbon nanotubes are being considered to replace indium tin oxide (ITO). Carbon nanotube films are mechanically more robust than ITO films, making them ideal for high reliability touch screens and flexible displays. Printable water-based inks of carbon nanotube films are desired to replace ITO. Nanotube films show promise for use in displays for computers, cell phones, ATMs….etc. Nanotubes have been used to improve ultracapacitors. The activated charcoal used in conventional ultracapacitors has many small hollow spaces with a distribution of sizes, which create together a large surface to store electric charges. However as charge is quantized into elementary charges, i.e. electrons, and each of these needs a minimum space, a large fraction of the electrode surface is not available for storage because the hollow spaces are too small. With electrodes made of nanotubes, the spaces are planned to be tailored to size, with only a few being too large or too small and consequently the capacity to be increased. A solar cell developed uses a carbon nanotube complex, made of carbon nanotubes combined with tiny carbon buckyballs (also called Fullerenes) to form snake-like structures. Buckyballs trap electrons, but they can't make electrons flow. When sunlight excites the polymers, the buckyballs grab the electrons. Nanotubes, behaving like copper wires, will then be able to make the electrons or current flow. NANOPARTICLES: Nanoparticles can be considered a bridge between bulk materials and atomic or molecular structures. A bulk material generally has constant physical properties throughout regardless of its size, but at the nanoscale this is often not the case. Size-dependent properties are observed such as quantum confinement in semiconductor particles, surface plasmon resonance in some metal particles and superparamagnetism in magnetic materials. Properties of materials change as their size is reduced to nanoscale and as the percentage of atoms at the surface becomes significant. For bulk materials larger than a micrometer the percentage of atoms at the surface is very small compared to the total number of atoms in the material. The different and outstanding properties of nanoparticles are partly due to the aspects of the surface of the material dominating the properties in lieu of the bulk properties. For example, the bending of bulk copper occurs with movement of copper atoms/clusters at about the 50 nm scale. Copper nanoparticles smaller than 50 nm are considered super hard materials that do not exhibit the same malleability and ductility as bulk copper. The change in properties is not always desirable. Ferroelectric materials smaller than 10 nm can switch their magnetization direction using room temperature thermal energy, making them useless for memory storage. Suspensions of nanoparticles are possible because the interaction of the particle surface with the solvent is strong enough to overcome differences in density, which for larger particles usually results in a material either sinking or floating in a liquid. Nanoparticles have unexpected visible properties because they are small enough to confine their electrons and produce quantum effects. For example gold nanoparticles appear deep red to black in solution. The large surface area to volume ratio reduces the melting temperatures of nanoparticles. The very high surface area to volume ratio of nanoparticles is a driving force for diffusion. Sintering can take place at lower temperatures, in less time than for larger particles. This should not affect the density of the final product, however flow difficulties and the tendency of nanoparticles to agglomerate can cause issues. The presence of Titanium Dioxide nanoparticles impart a self-cleaning effect, and the size being nanorange, the particles can't be seen. Zinc Oxide nanoparticles have UV blocking properties and are added to sunscreen lotions. Clay nanoparticles or carbon black when incorporated into polymer matrices increase reinforcement, offering us stronger plastics, with higher glass transition temperatures. These nanoparticles are hard, and impart their properties to the polymer. Nanoparticles attached to textile fibers can create smart and functional clothing. NANOPHASE CERAMICS: Using nanoscale particles in the production of ceramic materials we can have simultaneous and major increase in both strength and ductility. Nanophase ceramics are also utilized for catalysis because of their high surface-to-area ratios. Nanophase ceramic particles such as SiC are also used as reinforcement in metals such as aluminum matrix. If you can think of an application for nanomanufacturing useful for your business, let us know and receive our input. We can design, prototype, manufacture, test and deliver these to you. We put great value in intellectual property protection and can make special arrangements for you to ensure your designs and products are not copied. Our nanotechnology designers and nanomanufacturing engineers are some of the best in the World and they are the same people who developed some of the World's most advanced and smallest devices. Click on blue colored text below to download product catalogs and brochures: - Private Label Nano Surface Protection Car Care Products We can label these products with your name and logo if you wish - Private Label Nano Surface Industrial Products We can label these products with your name and logo if you wish - Private Label Nano Surface Protection Marine Products We can label these products with your name and logo if you wish - Private Label Nano Surface Protection Products We can label these products with your name and logo if you wish KLIK Product Finder-Locator Service PAGE sadurunge

Industrial Computer Accessories, PCI, Peripheral Component Interconnect, Multichannel Analog & Digital Input Output Modules, Relay Module, Printer Interface Aksesoris, Modul, Papan Carrier kanggo Komputer Industri A PERIPHERAL DEVICE is one attached to a host computer, but not part of it, and is more or less dependent on the host. It expands the host's capabilities, but does not form part of the core computer architecture. Examples are computer printers, image scanners, tape drives, microphones, loudspeakers, webcams, and digital cameras. Peripheral devices connect to the system unit through the ports on the computer. CONVENTIONAL PCI (PCI stands for PERIPHERAL COMPONENT INTERCONNECT, part of the PCI Local Bus standard) is a computer bus for attaching hardware devices in a computer. These devices can take either the form of an integrated circuit fitted onto the motherboard itself, called a planar device in the PCI specification, or an expansion card that fits into a slot. We carry name brands such as JANZ TEC, DFI-ITOX and KORENIX. Click on blue highlighted text to download brochure or catalog: - Catalog for Vandal-Proof IP65/IP67/IP68 Keyboards, Keypads, Pointing Devices, ATM Pinpads, Medical & Military Keyboards and other similar Rugged Computer Peripherals - DFI-ITOX brand Industrial Computer Peripherals - DFI-ITOX brand Graphics Cards - DFI-ITOX brand Industrial Motherboards brochure - DFI-ITOX brand embedded single board computers brochure - DFI-ITOX brand computer-on-board modules brochure - DFI-ITOX brand Embedded OS Services - ICP DAS brand industrial communication and networking products brochure - ICP DAS brand PACs Embedded Controllers & DAQ brochure - ICP DAS brand Industrial Touch Pad brochure - ICP DAS brand Remote IO Modules and IO Expansion Units brochure - ICP DAS brand PCI Boards and IO Cards - JANZ TEC brand compact product brochure - KORENIX brand compact product brochure - Private Label Flash Storage for Embedded Industrial Applications (We can put your name, logo, brand on these.............) To choose a suitable component or accessory for your projects. please go to our industrial computer store by CLICKING HERE. Dowload brochure for our DESIGN PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM Some of the components and accessories we offer for industrial computers are: - Multichannel analog and digital input output modules : We offer hundreds of different 1-, 2-, 4-, 8-, 16-channel function modules. They do have compact size and this small size makes these systems easy to use in confined places. Up to 16 channels can be accommodated in a 12mm (0.47in) wide module. Connections are pluggable, secure and strong, making replacing easy for the operators while the spring pressure technology assures continuous operation even under severe environmental conditions such as shock/vibration, temperature cycling….etc. Our multichannel analog and digital input output modules are highly flexible that each node in the I/O system can be configured to meet each channel’s requirements, digital and analog I/O and others can be easily combined. They are easy to handle, the modular rail-mounted module design allows easy and tool-free handling and modifications. Using colored markers the functionality of individual I/O modules is identified, terminal assignment and technical data are printed onto the side of the module. Our modular systems are fieldbus-independent. - Multichannel relay modules : A relay is a switch controlled by an electric current. Relays make it possible for a low voltage low current circuit to switch a high voltage / high current device safely. As an example, we can use a battery powered small light detector circuit to control large mains powered lights using a relay. Relay boards or modules are commercial circuit boards fitted with relays, LED indicators, back EMF preventing diodes and practical screw-in terminal connections for voltage inputs, NC, NO, COM connections on the relay at the least. Multiple poles on them make it possible to switch multiple devices on or off simultaneously. Most industrial projects require more than one relay. Therefore multi-channel or also known as multiple relay boards are offered. They can have anywhere from 2 to 16 relays on the same circuit board. Relay boards can also be computer controlled directly by USB or serial connection. Relay boards connected to LAN or internet connected PC, we can control relays remotely from far away distances using special software. - Printer interface: A printer interface is a combination of hardware and software that allows the printer to communicate with a computer. The hardware interface is called port and each printer has at least one interface. An interface incorporates several components including its communication type and the interface software. There are eight major communication types: 1. Serial : Through serial connections computers send one bit of information at a time, one after another. Communication parameters such as parity, baud should be set on both entities before communication takes place. 2. Parallel : Parallel communication is more popular with printers because it is faster compared to serial communication. Using parallel type communication, printers receive eight bits at a time over eight separate wires. Parallel uses a DB25 connection on the computer side and an oddly shaped 36 pin connection on the printer side. 3. Universal Serial Bus (popularly referred to as USB) : They can transfer data fast with a transfer rate of up to 12 Mbps and automatically recognize new devices. 4. Network : Also commonly referred to as Ethernet, network connections are commonplace on network laser printers. Other types of printers also employ this type of connection. These printers have a Network Interface Card (NIC) and ROM-based software that allows them to communicate with networks, servers and workstations. 5. Infrared : Infrared transmissions are wireless transmissions that use infrared radiation of the electromagnetic spectrum. An Infrared acceptor allows your devices (laptops, PDA’s, Cameras, etc) connect to the printer and send print commands through infrared signals. 6. Small Computer System Interface (known as SCSI) : Laser printers and some others use SCSI interfaces to PC as there is the benefit of daisy chaining wherein multiple devices could be on a single SCSI connection. Its implementation is easy. 7. IEEE 1394 Firewire : Firewire is a high speed connection widely used for digital video editing and other high bandwidth requirements. This interface currently supports devices with a maximum throughput of 800 Mbps and capable of speeds up to 3.2 Gbps. 8. Wireless : Wireless is the currently popular technology like infrared and bluetooth. The information is transmitted wirelessly through the air using radio waves and is received by the device. Bluetooth is used to replace the cables between computers and its peripherals and they usually work over small distances of about 10 meters. Out of these above communication types scanners mostly use USB, Parallel, SCSI, IEEE 1394/FireWire. - Incremental Encoder Module : Incremental encoders are used in positioning and motor speed feedback applications. Incremental encoders provide excellent speed and distance feedback. As few sensors are involved, the incremental encoder systems are simple and economical. An incremental encoder is limited by only providing change information and therefore the encoder requires a reference device to calculate motion. Our incremental encoder modules are versatile and customizable to fit a variety of applications such as heavy duty applications as is the case in pulp & paper, steel industries; industrial duty applications such as textile, food, beverage industries and light duty/servo applications such as robotics, electronics, semiconductor industry. - Full-CAN Controller For MODULbus Sockets : The Controller Area Network, abbreviated as CAN was introduced to address the growing complexity of vehicle functions and networks. In the first embedded systems, modules contained a single MCU, performing a single or multiple simple functions such as reading a sensor level via an ADC and controlling a DC motor. As functions became more complex, designers adopted distributed module architectures, implementing functions in multiple MCUs on the same PCB. According to this example, a complex module would have the main MCU performing all system functions, diagnostics, and failsafe, while another MCU would handle a BLDC motor control function. This was made possible with the wide availability of general purpose MCUs at a low cost. In today’s vehicles, as functions become distributed within a vehicle rather than a module, the need for a high fault tolerance, inter module communication protocol led to the design and introduction of CAN in the automotive market. Full CAN Controller provides an extensive implementation of message filtering, as well as message parsing in the hardware, thus releasing the CPU from the task of having to respond to every received message. Full CAN controllers can be configured to interrupt the CPU only when messages whose Identifiers have been setup as acceptance filters in the controller. Full CAN controllers are also setup with multiple message objects referred to as mailboxes, which can store specific message information such as ID and data bytes received for the CPU to retrieve. The CPU in this case would retrieve the message any time, however, must complete the task prior to an update of that same message is received and overwrites the current content of the mailbox. This scenario is resolved in the final type of CAN controllers. Extended Full CAN controllers provide an additional level of hardware implemented functionality, by providing a hardware FIFO for received messages. Such an implementation allows more than one instance of the same message to be stored before the CPU is interrupted therefore preventing any information loss for high frequency messages, or even allowing the CPU to focus on the main module function for a longer period of time. Our Full-CAN Controller for MODULbus Sockets offers the following features: Intel 82527 Full CAN controller, Supports CAN protocol V 2.0 A and A 2.0 B, ISO/DIS 11898-2, 9-pin D-SUB connector, Options Isolated CAN interface, Supported Operating Systems are Windows, Windows CE, Linux, QNX, VxWorks. - Intelligent CAN Controller For MODULbus Sockets : We offer our clients local intelligence with MC68332, 256 kB SRAM / 16 bit wide, 64 kB DPRAM / 16 bit wide, 512 kB flash, ISO/DIS 11898-2, 9-pin D-SUB connector, ICANOS firmware on-board, MODULbus+ compatible, options such as isolated CAN interface, CANopen available, operating systems supported are Windows, Windows CE, Linux, QNX, VxWorks. - Intelligent MC68332 Based VMEbus Computer : VMEbus standing for VersaModular Eurocard bus is a computer data path or bus system that is used in industrial, commercial and military applications worldwide. VMEbus is used in traffic control systems, weapons control systems, telecommunication systems, robotics, data acquisition, video imaging...etc. VMEbus systems withstand shock, vibration and extended temperatures better than the standard bus systems used in desktop computers. This makes them ideal for harsh environments. Double euro-card from factor (6U) , A32/24/16:D16/08 VMEbus master; A24:D16/08 slave interface, 3 MODULbus I/O sockets, front-panel and P2 connection of MODULbus I/O lines, programmable MC68332 MCU with 21 MHz, on-board system controller with first slot detection, interrupt handler IRQ 1 – 5, interrupt generator any 1 of 7, 1 MB SRAM main memory, up to 1 MB EPROM, up to1 MB FLASH EPROM, 256 kB dual-ported battery buffered SRAM, battery buffered realtime clock with 2 kB SRAM, RS232 serial port , periodic interrupt timer (internal to MC68332), watchdog timer (internal to MC68332), DC/DC converter to supply analog modules. Options are 4 MB SRAM main memory. Supported operating system is VxWorks. - Intelligent PLC Link Concept (3964R) : A programmable logic controller or briefly PLC is a digital computer used for automation of industrial electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines and amusement rides or light fixtures. PLC Link is a protocol to share easily memory area between two PLC’s. The big advantage of PLC Link is to work with PLC’s as Remote I/O units. Our Intelligent PLC Link Concept offers communication procedure 3964®, a messaging interface between host and firmware through software driver, applications on the host to communicate with another station on the seriel line connection, serial data communication according to 3964® protocol, availability of software drivers for various operating systems. - Intelligent Profibus DP Slave Interface : ProfiBus is a messaging format specifically designed for high-speed serial I/O in factory and building automation applications. ProfiBus is an open standard and is recognized as the fastest FieldBus in operation today, based on RS485 and the European EN50170 Electrical Specification. The DP suffix refers to ''Decentralized Periphery'', which is used to describe distributed I/O devices connected via a fast serial data link with a central controller. To the contrary, a programmable logic controller, or PLC described above normally has its input/output channels arranged centrally. By introducing a network bus between the main controller (master) and its I/O channels (slaves), we have decentralized the I/O. A ProfiBus system uses a bus master to poll slave devices distributed in multi-drop fashion on an RS485 serial bus. A ProfiBus slave is any peripheral device (such as an I/O transducer, valve, network drive, or other measuring device) which processes information and sends its output to the master. The slave is a passively operating station on the network since it does not have bus access rights and can only acknowledge received messages, or send response messages to the master upon request. It is important to note that all ProfiBus slaves have the same priority, and that all network communication originates from the master. To summarize: A ProfiBus DP is an open standard based on EN 50170, it is the fastest Fieldbus standard to date with data rates up to 12 Mb, offers plug and play operation, enables up to 244 bytes of input/output data per message, up to 126 stations may connect to the bus and up to 32 stations per bus segment. Our Intelligent Profibus DP Slave Interface Janz Tec VMOD-PROFoffers all functions for motor controlling of DC servo motors, programmable digital PID filter, velocity, target position and filter parameters that are changeable during motion, quadrature encoder interface with pulse input, programmable host interrupts, 12 bit D/A converter, 32 bit position, velocity and acceleration registers. It support Windows, Windows CE, Linux, QNX and VxWorks operating systems. - MODULbus Carrier Board for 3 U VMEbus Systems : This system offers 3 U VMEbus non-intelligent carrier board for MODULbus, single euro-card form factor (3 U), A24/16:D16/08 VMEbus slave interface, 1 socket for MODULbus I/O, jumper selectable interrupt level 1 – 7 and vector-interrupt, short-I/O or standard-addressing, needs only one VME-slot, supports MODULbus+identification mechanism, front panel connector of I/O signals (provided by modules). Options are DC/DC converter for analog module power supply. Supported operating systems are Linux, QNX, VxWorks. - MODULbus Carrier Board For 6 U VMEbus Systems : This system offers 6U VMEbus non-intelligent carrier board for MODULbus, double euro-card, A24/D16 VMEbus slave interface, 4 plug-in sockets for MODULbus I/O, different vector from each MODULbus I/O, 2 kB short-I/O or standard-address range, needs only one VME-slot, front panel and P2 connection of I/O lines. Options are DC/DC converter to supply analog modules power. Supported operating systems are Linux, QNX, VxWorks. - MODULbus Carrier Board For PCI Systems : Our MOD-PCI carrier boards offer non-intelligent PCI with two MODULbus+ sockets, extended height short form factor, 32 bit PCI 2.2 target interface (PLX 9030), 3.3V / 5V PCI interface, only one PCI-bus slot occupied, front panel connector of MODULbus socket 0 available at PCI bus bracket. On the other hand, our MOD-PCI4 boards have non-Intelligent PCI-bus carrier board with four MODULbus+ sockets, extended height long form factor, 32 bit PCI 2.1 target interface (PLX 9052), 5V PCI interface, only one PCI slot occupied, front panel connector of MODULbus socket 0 available at ISAbus bracket, I/O connector of MODULbus socket 1 available on 16-pin flat cable connector at ISA bracket. - Motor Controller For DC Servo Motors : Mechanical systems manufacturers, power & energy equipment producers, transportation & traffic equipment producers and service companies, automotive, medical and many other areas can use our equipment with peace of mind, because we offer robust, reliable and scalable hardware for their drive technology. The modular design of our motor controllers enables us to offer solutions based on emPC systems that are highly flexible and ready to be adapted to customer’s requirements. We are able to design interfaces that are economical and suitable for applications ranging from simple single axis to multiple synchronized axes. Our modular and compact emPCs can be complemented with our scalable emVIEW displays (currently from 6.5” to 19”) for a broad spectrum of applications ranging from simple control systems to integral operator interface systems. Our emPC systems are available in different performance classes and sizes. They have no fans and work with compact-flash media. Our emCONTROL soft PLC environment can be used as a fully fledged, real-time control system enabling both simple as well as complex DRIVE ENGINEERING tasks to be accomplished. We also customize our emPC to meet your specific requirements. - Serial Interface Module : A Serial Interface Module is a device that creates an addressable zone input for a conventional detection device. It offers a connection to an addressable bus, and a supervised zone input. When the zone input is open, the module sends status data to the control panel indicating the open position. When the zone input is shorted, the module sends status data to the control panel, indicating the shorted condition. When the zone input is normal, the module sends data to the control panel, indicating the normal condition. Users see status and alarms from the sensor at the local keypad. The control panel can also send a message to the monitoring station. The serial interface module can be used in alarm systems, building control and energy management systems. Serial interface modules provide important advantages reducing installation labor by its special designs, by providing an addressable zone input, reducing the overall cost of the entire system. Cabling is minimal because the module’s data cable need not be individually routed to the control panel. The cable is an addressable bus that allows connection to many devices before cabling and connecting to the control panel for processing. It saves current, and minimizes the need for additional power supplies because of its low current requirements. - VMEbus Prototyping Board : Our VDEV-IO boards offer double Eurocard form factor (6U) with VMEbus interface, A24/16:D16 VMEbus slave interface, full interruption capabilities, pre-decoding of 8 address ranges, vector register, large matrix field with surrounding track for GND/Vcc, 8 user definable LEDs at the front panel. KLIK Product Finder-Locator Service PAGE sadurunge

Adhesive Bonding - Adhesives - Sealing - Fastening - Joining Nonmetallic Materials - Optical Contacting - UV Bonding - Specialty Glue - Epoxy - Custom Assembly Adhesive Bonding & Sealing & Custom Mechanical Fastening lan Majelis Among our other most valuable JOINING techniques are ADHESIVE BONDING, MECHANICAL FASTENING and ASSEMBLY, JOINING NONMETALLIC MATERIALS. We dedicate this section to these joining and assembly techniques because of their importance in our manufacturing operations and the extensive content related to them. ADHESIVE BONDING: Did you know that there are specialized epoxies that can be used for almost hermetic level sealing ? Depending on the level of sealing you require, we will choose or formulate a sealant for you. Also do you know that some sealants can be heat cured whereas others require only a UV light to be cured ? If you explain us your application, we can formulate the right epoxy for you. You may require something that is bubble free or something that matches the thermal coefficient of expansion of your mating parts. We have it all ! Contact us and explain your application. We will then choose the most suitable material for you or custom formulate a solution for your challenge. Our materials come with inspection reports, material data sheets and certification. We are capable to assemble your components very economically and ship you completed and quality inspected products. Adhesives are available to us in various forms such as liquids, solutions, pastes, emulsions, powder, tape and films. We use three basic types of adhesives for our joining processes: -Natural Adhesives -Inorganic Adhesives -Synthetic Organic Adhesives For load-bearing applications in manufacturing and fabrication we use adhesives with high cohesive strength, and they are mostly synthetic organic adhesives, which may be thermoplastics or thermosetting polymers. Synthetic organic adhesives are our most important category and can be classified as: Chemically Reactive Adhesives: Popular examples are silicones, polyurethanes, epoxies, phenolics, polyimides, anaerobics like Loctite. Pressure Sensitive Adhesives: Common examples are natural rubber, nitrile rubber, polyacrylates, butyl rubber. Hot Melt Adhesives: Examples are thermoplastics like ethylene-vinyl-acetate copolymers, polyamides, polyester, polyolefins. Reactive Hot Melt Adhesives: They have a thermoset portion based on urethane’s chemistry. Evaporative / Diffusion Adhesives: Popular ones are vinyls, acrylics, phenolics, polyurethanes, synthetic and natural rubbers. Film and Tape Type Adhesives: Examples are nylon-epoxies, elastomer-epoxies, nitrile-phenolics, polyimides. Delayed Tack Adhesives: These include polyvinyl acetates, polystyrenes, polyamides. Electrically and Thermally Conductive Adhesives: Popular examples are epoxies, polyurethanes, silicones, polyimides. According to their chemistries adhesives we use in manufacturing can be classified as: - Epoxy based adhesive systems: High strength and high temperature endurance as high as 473 Kelvin are characteristic of these. Bonding agents in sand mold castings are this type. - Acrylics: These are suitable for applications that involve contaminated dirty surfaces. - Anaerobic adhesive systems: Curing by oxygen deprivation. Hard and brittle bonds. - Cyanoacrylate: Thin bond lines with setting times under 1 minute. - Urethanes: We use them as popular sealants with high toughness and flexibility. - Silicones: Well known for their resistance against moisture and solvents, high impact and peel strength. Relatively long curing times of up to a few days. To optimize the properties in adhesive bonding, we may combine several adhesives. Examples are epoxy-silicon, nitrile-phenolic combined adhesive systems. Polyimides and polybenzimidazoles are used in high-temperature applications. Adhesive joints withstand shear, compressive, and tensile forces pretty well but they may easily fail when subjected to peeling forces. Therefore, in adhesive bonding, we must consider the application and design the joint accordingly. Surface preparation is also of critical importance in adhesive bonding. We clean, treat and modify surfaces to increase the strength and reliability of interfaces in adhesive bonding. Using special primers, wet and dry etching techniques such as plasma cleaning are among our common methods. An adhesion promoting layer such as a thin oxide may improve adhesion in some applications. Increasing surface roughness may also be beneficial prior to adhesive bonding but needs to be well controlled and not exaggerated because excessive roughness can result in trapping of air and therefore a weaker adhesively bonded interface. We use nondestructive methods for testing the quality and strength of our products after adhesive bonding operations. Our techniques include methods such as acoustic impact, IR detection, ultrasonic testing. Advantages of adhesive bonding are: -Adhesive bonding can provide structural strength, sealing and insulation function, suppression of vibration and noise. -Adhesive bonding can eliminate localized stresses at the interface by eliminating the need for joining using fasteners or welding. -Generally no holes are needed for adhesive bonding, and therefore external appearance of components is unaffected. -Thin and fragile parts can be adhesively joined without damage and without significant increase in weight. -Adhesive joining can be used to bond parts made of very different materials with significantly different sizes. -Adhesive bonding can be used on heat sensitive components safely due to low temperatures involved. However some disadvantages do exist for adhesive bonding and our customers should consider these prior to finalizing their designs of joints: -Service temperatures are relatively low for adhesively joint components -Adhesive bonding may require long bonding and curing times. -Surface preparation is needed in adhesive bonding. -Especially for large structures it may be difficult to test adhesively bonded joints nondestructively. -Adhesive bonding may pose reliability concerns in the long term due to degradation, stress corrosion, dissolution….and the like. One of our outstanding products is ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE ADHESIVE, which can replace lead-based solders. Fillers such as silver, aluminum, copper, gold make these pastes conductive. Fillers can be in the form of flakes, particles or polymeric particles coated with thin films of silver or gold. Fillers can also improve thermal conductivity besides electrical. Let us continue with our other joining processes used in manufacturing products. MECHANICAL FASTENING and ASSEMBLY: Mechanical fastening offers us ease of manufacturing, ease of assembly and disassembly, ease of transportation, ease of parts replacement, maintenance and repair, ease in design of movable and adjustable products, lower cost. For fastening we use: Threaded Fasteners: Bolts, screws and nuts are examples of these. Depending on your application, we can provide you specially designed nuts and lock washers for dampening vibration. Riveting: Rivets are among our most common methods of permanent mechanical joining and assembly processes. Rivets are placed in holes and their ends are deformed by upsetting. We perform assembly using riveting at room temperature as well as at high temperatures. Stitching / Stapling / Clinching: These assembly operations are widely used in manufacturing and are basically the same as is used on papers and cardboards. Both metallic and nonmetallic materials can be joined and assembled quickly without need to predrill holes. Seaming: An inexpensive fast joining technique we use widely in manufacturing of containers and metal cans. It is based on folding two thin pieces of material together. Even airtight and watertight seams are possible, especially if seaming is performed jointly with using sealants and adhesives. Crimping: Crimping is a joining method where we do not use fasteners. Electrical or fiber optic connectors are sometimes installed using crimping. In high volume manufacturing, crimping is an indispensible technique for fast joining and assembly of both flat and tubular components. Snap-in Fasteners: Snap fits are also an economical joining technique in assembly and manufacturing. They permit quick assembly and disassembly of components and are a good fit for household products, toys, furniture among others. Shrink and Press Fits: Another mechanical assembly technique, namely shrink fitting is based on the principle of differential thermal expansion and contraction of two components, whereas in press fitting one component is forced over another resulting in good joint strength. We use shrink fitting widely in the assembly and manufacturing of cable harness, and mounting gears and cams on shafts. JOINING NONMETALLIC MATERIALS: Thermoplastics can be heated and melted at the interfaces to be joined and by applying pressure adhesive joining can be accomplished by fusion. Alternatively thermoplastic fillers of the same type may be used for the joining process. Joining of some polymers such as polyethylene may be difficult due to oxidation. In such cases, an inert shielding gas like nitrogen may be used against oxidation. Both external as well as internal heat sources can be used in adhesive joining of polymers. Examples of external sources we commonly use in adhesive joining of thermoplastics are hot air or gases, IR radiation, heated tools, lasers, resistive electrical heating elements. Some of our internal heat sources are ultrasonic welding and friction welding. In some assembly and manufacturing applications we use adhesives for bonding polymers. Some polymers such as PTFE (Teflon) or PE (Polyethylene) have low surface energies and therefore a primer is first applied prior to completing the adhesive bonding process with a suitable adhesive. Another popular technique in joining is the “Clearweld Process” where a toner is first applied to the polymer interfaces. A laser is then directed at the interface, but it does not heat the polymer, but does heat the toner. This makes it possible to heat only well-defined interfaces resulting in localized welds. Other alternative joining techniques in the assembly of thermoplastics are using fasteners, self-tapping screws, integrated snap-fasteners. An exotic technique in manufacturing and assembly operations is embedding tiny micron-sized particles into the polymer and using high-frequency electromagnetic field to inductively heat and melt it at the interfaces to be joined. Thermoset materials on the other hand, do not soften or melt with increasing temperatures. Therefore, adhesive joining of thermoset plastics are usually carried out using threaded or other molded-in inserts, mechanical fasteners and solvent bonding. Regarding joining and assembly operations involving glass and ceramics in our manufacturing plants, here are a few common observations: In cases where a ceramic or glass have to be joined with difficult-to-bond materials, the ceramic or glass materials are frequently coated with a metal that bonds itself easily to them, and then joined to the difficult-to-bond material. When ceramic or glass has a thin metal coating it can be more readily brazed to metals. Ceramics are sometimes joined and assembled together during their shaping process while still hot, soft and tacky. Carbides can be more easily brazed to metals if they have as their matrix material a metal binder such as cobalt or nickel-molybdenum alloy. We braze carbide cutting tools to steel toolholders. Glasses bond well to each other and metals when hot and soft. Information on our facility producing ceramic to metal fittings, hermetic sealing, vacuum feedthroughs, high and ultrahigh vacuum and fluid control components can be found here: Brazing Factory Brochure Private Label Epoxy Solutions for Construction, Electrical, Industrial Assembly (Download brochure by clicking on blue text. We can put your name, label, logo on these epoxies if you wish) KLIK Product Finder-Locator Service PAGE sadurunge

Chemical Physical Environmental Analyzers, NDT, Nondestructive Testing, Analytical Balance, Chromatograph, Mass Spectrometer, Gas Analyzer, Moisture Analyzer Kimia, Fisik, Analyzer Lingkungan The industrial CHEMICAL ANALYZERS we provide are: CHROMATOGRAPHS, MASS SPECTROMETERS, RESIDUAL GAS ANALYZERS, GAS DETECTORS, MOISTURE ANALYZER, DIGITAL GRAIN AND WOOD MOISTURE METERS, ANALYTICAL BALANCE The industrial PHYSICAL ANALYSIS INSTRUMENTS we offer are: SPECTROPHOTOMETERS, POLARIMETER, REFRACTOMETER, LUX METER, GLOSS METERS, COLOR READERS, COLOR DIFFERENCE METER , DIGITAL LASER DISTANCE METERS, LASER RANGEFINDER, ULTRASONIC CABLE HEIGHT METER, SOUND LEVEL METER, ULTRASONIC DISTANCE METER , DIGITAL ULTRASONIC FLAW DETECTOR , HARDNESS TESTER , METALLURGICAL MICROSCOPES , SURFACE ROUGHNESS TESTER , ULTRASONIC THICKNESS GAUGE , VIBRATION METER , TACHOMETER . and others...... For the highlighted products, please visit our related pages by clicking on the corresponding colored text above. The ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYZERS we provide are: TEMPERATURE & HUMIDITY CYCLING CHAMBERS, ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING CHAMBERS, LIQUID ANALYSIS & TEST SYSTEMS. Click on Colored Text to Download Catalogs below. Choose the brand and model number of your interest and let us know whether you need brand new, or refurbished / used equipment: AMETEK-LLOYD Instruments Materials Testing (Versatile Materials Testing Equipment, Universal Test Machines, Tensile Strength, Compressibility, Hardness, Elasticity, Peeling, Adhesion...etc.) ELCOMETER Inspection Equipment Catalog ( Physical Test Equipment , Gloss & Reflectance , Colour Measurement , Fineness Of Grind/Dispersion , Density & Specific Gravity , Viscosity & Flow Measurement , Film Application & Test Charts , Drying Time & Permeability , Washability & Abrasion , Hardness & Scratch Resistance , Elasticity, Bend & Impact Testers , Flash Point, Concrete Inspection Equipment ) FLUKE Test Tools Catalog (includes Indoor Air Quality Tools, Air Meter, Airflow Meter, Temperature-Humidity Meter, Particle Counter, Carbon Monoxide Meters) HAIDA Anti-Yellowing Aging Test Chamber HAIDA Color Assessment Cabinet HAIDA IPX1＆X2 Water Drip Test Chamber HAIDA Rapid-Rate Thermal Cycle Chamber HAIDA Salt Corrosion Spray Test Chamber HAIDA Salt Spray Test Chamber HAIDA Sand Dust Proofing Test Chamber HAIDA Temperature Humidity Test Chamber HAIDA Thermal Shock Test Chamber HAIDA Ultraviolet Weathering Test Chamber HAIDA Walk-In Environmental Test Chamber HAIDA Xenon Aging Test Chamber High HAIDA Xenon Aging Test Chamber Standard Helium Leak Tester (We private label these with your brand name and logo if you wish) METTLER TOLEDO Weighing Solutions for Retail Stores SADT-SINOAGE brand metrology and test equipment, please CLICK HERE . You will find some models of the above listed equipment here. Sensors & Analytical Measurement Systems for Liquid Analysis (Products in this brochure are used for environmental tests and and tests carried out in process industries. Example products are conductivity sensors, dissolved oxygen sensors, chlorine sensors, turbidity/suspended solids sensors, optical sensors, transmitters....etc. We private label these with your brand name and logo if you wish) Sensors & Analytical Measurement Systems for Optical OEM Applications in Liquid Analysis (We private label these with your brand name and logo if you wish) Sensors & Analytical Measurement Systems for pH Testing (We private label these with your brand name and logo if you wish) Some fundamental information on these test systems: CHROMATOGRAPHY is a physical method of separation that distribute s components to separate between two phases, one stationary (stationary phase), the other (the mobile phase) moving in a definite direction. In other words, it refers to laboratory techniques for the separation of mixtures. The mixture is dissolved in a fluid called the mobile phase, which carries it through a structure holding another material called the stationary phase. The various constituents of the mixture travel at different speeds, which causes them to separate. The separation is based on differential partitioning between the mobile and stationary phases. Small differences in partition coefficient of a compound results in differential retention on the stationary phase and thus changing the separation. Chromatography can be used to separate the components of a mixture for more advanced use such as purification) or for measuring the relative proportions of analytes (which is the substance to be separated during chromatography) in a mixture. Several chromatographic methods exist, such as paper chromatography, gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. ANALYTICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY is used to determine the existence and the concentration of analyte(s) in a sample. In a chromatogram different peaks or patterns correspond to different components of the separated mixture. In an optimal system each signal is proportional to the concentration of the corresponding analyte that was separated. An equipment called CHROMATOGRAPH enables a sophisticated separation. There are specialized types according to the physical state of the mobile phase such as GAS CHROMATOGRAPHS and LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHS. Gas chromatography (GC), also sometimes called gas-liquid chromatography (GLC), is a separation technique in which the mobile phase is a gas. High temperatures used in Gas Chromatographs make it unsuitable for high molecular weight biopolymers or proteins encountered in biochemistry because heat denatures them. The technique is however well suited for use in the petrochemical, environmental monitoring, chemical research and industrial chemical fields. On the other hand, Liquid Chromatography (LC) is a separation technique in which the mobile phase is a liquid. In order to measure the characteristics of individual molecules, a MASS SPECTROMETER converts them to ions so that they can be accelerated, and moved about by external electric and magnetic fields. Mass spectrometers are used in Chromatographs explained above, as well as in other analysis instruments. The associated components of a typical mass spectrometer are: Ion Source: A small sample is ionized, usually to cations by loss of an electron. Mass Analyzer: The ions are sorted and separated according to their mass and charge. Detector: The separated ions are measured and results displayed on a chart. Ions are very reactive and short-lived, therefore their formation and manipulation must be conducted in a vacuum. The pressure under which ions may be handled is roughly 10-5 to 10-8 torr. The three tasks listed above may be accomplished in different ways. In one common procedure, ionization is effected by a high energy beam of electrons, and ion separation is achieved by accelerating and focusing the ions in a beam, which is then bent by an external magnetic field. The ions are then detected electronically and the resulting information is stored and analyzed in a computer. The heart of the spectrometer is the ion source. Here molecules of the sample are bombarded by electrons emanating from a heated filament. This is called an electron source. Gases and volatile liquid samples are allowed to leak into the ion source from a reservoir and non-volatile solids and liquids may be introduced directly. Cations formed by the electron bombardment are pushed away by a charged repeller plate (anions are attracted to it), and accelerated toward other electrodes, having slits through which the ions pass as a beam. Some of these ions fragment into smaller cations and neutral fragments. A perpendicular magnetic field deflects the ion beam in an arc whose radius is inversely proportional to the mass of each ion. Lighter ions are deflected more than heavier ions. By varying the strength of the magnetic field, ions of different mass can be focused progressively on a detector fixed at the end of a curved tube under a high vacuum. A mass spectrum is displayed as a vertical bar graph, each bar representing an ion having a specific mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) and the length of the bar indicates the relative abundance of the ion. The most intense ion is assigned an abundance of 100, and it is referred to as the base peak. Most of the ions formed in a mass spectrometer have a single charge, so the m/z value is equivalent to mass itself. Modern mass spectrometers have very high resolutions and can easily distinguish ions differing by only a single atomic mass unit (amu). A RESIDUAL GAS ANALYZER (RGA) is a small and rugged mass spectrometer. We have explained mass spectrometers above. RGAs are designed for process control and contamination monitoring in vacuum systems such as research chambers, surface science setups, accelerators, scanning microscopes. Utilizing quadrupole technology, there are two implementations, utilizing either an open ion source (OIS) or a closed ion source (CIS). RGAs are used in most cases to monitor the quality of the vacuum and easily detect minute traces of impurities possessing sub-ppm detectability in the absence of background interferences. These impurities can be measured down to (10)Exp -14 Torr levels, Residual Gas Analyzers are also used as sensitive in-situ, helium leak detectors. Vacuum systems require checking of the integrity of the vacuum seals and the quality of the vacuum for air leaks and contaminants at low levels before a process is initiated. Modern residual gas analyzers come complete with a quadrupole probe, electronics control unit , and a real-time Windows software package that is used for data acquisition and analysis, and probe control. Some software supports multiple head operation when more than one RGA is needed. Simple design with a small number of parts will minimize outgassing and reduce the chances of introducing impurities into your vacuum system. Probe designs using self-aligning parts will ensure easy reassembled after cleaning. LED indicators on modern devices provide instant feedback on the status of the electron multiplier, filament, electronics system and the probe. Long-life, easily changeable filaments are used for electron emission. For increased sensitivity and faster scan rates, an optional electron multiplier is sometimes offered that detects partial pressures down to 5 × (10)Exp -14 Torr. Another attractive feature of residual gas analyzers is the built-in degassing feature. Using electron impact desorption, the ion source is thoroughly cleaned, greatly reducing the ionizer's contribution to background noise. With a large dynamic range the user can make measurements of small and large gas concentrations simultaneously. A MOISTURE ANALYZER determines the remaining dry mass after a drying process with infrared energy of the original matter which is previously weighed. Humidity is calculated in relation to the weight of the wet matter. During the drying process, the decrease of moisture in the material is shown on the display. The moisture analyzer determines moisture and the amount of dry mass as well as the consistency of volatile and fixed substances with high accuracy. The weighing system of the moisture analyzer possesses all the properties of modern balances. These metrology tools are used in the industrial sector to analyze pastes, wood, adhesive materials, dust,…etc. There are many applications where trace moisture measurements are necessary for manufacturing and process quality assurance. Trace moisture in solids must be controlled for plastics, pharmaceuticals and heat treatment processes. Trace moisture in gases and liquids need to be measured and controlled as well. Examples include dry air, hydrocarbon processing, pure semiconductor gases, bulk pure gases, natural gas in pipelines….etc. The loss on drying type analyzers incorporate an electronic balance with a sample tray and surrounding heating element. If the volatile content of the solid is primarily water, the LOD technique gives a good measure of moisture content. An accurate method for determining the amount of water is the Karl Fischer titration, developed by the German chemist. This method detects only water, contrary to loss on drying, which detects any volatile substances. Yet for natural gas there are specialized methods for the measurement of moisture, because natural gas poses a unique situation by having very high levels of solid and liquid contaminants as well as corrosives in varying concentrations. MOISTURE METERS are test equipment for measuring the percentage of water in a substance or material. Using this information, workers in various industries determine if the material is ready for use, too wet or too dry. For example, wood and paper products are very sensitive to their moisture content. Physical properties including dimensions and weight are strongly affected by moisture content. If you are purchasing large quantities of wood by weight, it will be a wise thing to measure the moisture content to make sure it is not intentionally watered to increase the price. Generally two basic types of moisture meters are available. One type measures the electrical resistance of the material, which becomes increasingly lower as the moisture content of it rises. With the electrical resistance type of moisture meter, two electrodes are driven into the material and the electrical resistance is translated into moisture content on the device’s electronic output. A second type of moisture meter relies on the dielectric properties of the material, and requires only surface contact with it. The ANALYTICAL BALANCE is a basic tool in quantitative analysis, used for the accurate weighing of samples and precipitates. A typical balance should be able to determine differences in mass of 0.1 milligram. In microanalyses the balance must be about 1,000 times more sensitive. For special work, balances of even higher sensitivity are available. The measuring pan of an analytical balance is inside a transparent enclosure with doors so that dust does not collect and air currents in the room do not affect the balance's operation. There is a smooth turbulence-free airflow and ventilation that prevents balance fluctuation and the measure of mass down to 1 microgram without fluctuations or loss of product. Maintaining consistent response throughout the useful capacity is achieved by maintaining a constant load on the balance beam, thus the fulcrum, by subtracting mass on the same side of the beam to which the sample is added. Electronic analytical balances measure the force needed to counter the mass being measured rather than using actual masses. Therefore they must have calibration adjustments made to compensate for gravitational differences. Analytical balances use an electromagnet to generate a force to counter the sample being measured and outputs the result by measuring the force needed to achieve balance. SPECTROPHOTOMETRY is the quantitative measurement of the reflection or transmission properties of a material as a function of wavelength, and SPECTROPHOTOMETER is the test equipment used for this purpose. The spectral bandwidth (the range of colors it can transmit through the test sample), the percentage of sample-transmission, the logarithmic range of sample-absorption and percentage of reflectance measurement are critical for spectrophotometers. These test instruments are widely used in optical component testing where optical filters, beam splitters, reflectors, mirrors…etc need to be evaluated for their performance. There are many other applications of spectrophotometers including the measurement of transmission and reflection properties of pharmaceutical and medical solutions, chemicals, dyes, colors……etc. These tests ensure consistency from batch to batch in production. A spectrophotometer is able to determine, depending on the control or calibration, what substances are present in a target and their quantities through calculations using observed wavelengths. The range of wavelengths covered is generally between 200 nm - 2500 nm using different controls and calibrations. Within these ranges of light, calibrations are needed on the machine using specific standards for the wavelengths of interest. There are two major types of spectrophotometers, namely single beam and double beam. Double beam spectrophotometers compare the light intensity between two light paths, one path containing a reference sample and the other path containing the test sample. A single-beam spectrophotometer on the other hand measures the relative light intensity of the beam before and after a test sample is inserted. Although comparing measurements from double-beam instruments are easier and more stable, single-beam instruments can have a larger dynamic range and are optically simpler and more compact. Spectrophotometers can be installed also into other instruments and systems which can help users to perform in-situ measurements during production…etc. The typical sequence of events in a modern spectrophotometer can be summarized as: First the light source is imaged upon the sample, a fraction of the light is transmitted or reflected from the sample. Then the light from the sample is imaged upon the entrance slit of the monochromator, which separates the wavelengths of light and focuses each of them onto the photodetector sequentially. The most common spectrophotometers are UV & VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETERS which operate in the ultraviolet and 400–700 nm wavelength range. Some of them cover the near-infrared region too. On the other hand, IR SPECTROPHOTOMETERS are more complicated and expensive because of the technical requirements of measurement in the infrared region. Infrared photosensors are more valuable and Infrared measurement is also challenging because almost everything emits IR light as thermal radiation, especially at wavelengths beyond about 5 m. Many materials used in other types of spectrophotometers such as glass and plastic absorb infrared light, making them unfit as the optical medium. Ideal optical materials are salts such as potassium bromide, which do not absorb strongly. A POLARIMETER measures the angle of rotation caused by passing polarized light through an optically active material. Some chemical materials are optically active, and polarized (unidirectional) light will rotate either to the left (counter-clockwise) or right (clockwise) when passed through them. The amount by which the light is rotated is called the angle of rotation. One popular application, concentration and purity measurements are made to determine product or ingredient quality in the food, beverage and pharmaceutical industries. Some samples that display specific rotations that can be calculated for purity with a polarimeter include the Steroids, Antibiotics, Narcotics, Vitamins, Amino Acids, Polymers, Starches, Sugars. Many chemicals exhibit a unique specific rotation which can be used to distinguish them. A Polarimeter can identify unknown specimens based on this if other variables like concentration and length of sample cell are controlled or at least known. On the other hand, if the specific rotation of a sample is already known, then the concentration and/or purity of a solution containing it can be calculated. Automatic polarimeters calculate these once some input on variables are entered by the user. A REFRACTOMETER is a piece of optical test equipment for the measurement of index of refraction. These instruments measure the extent to which light is bent, i.e. refracted when it moves from air into the sample and are typically used to determine the refractive index of samples. There are five types of refractometers: traditional handheld refractometers, digital handheld refractometers, laboratory or Abbe refractometers, inline process refractometers and finally Rayleigh Refractometers for measuring the refractive indices of gases. Refractometers are widely used in various disciplines such as mineralogy, medicine, veterinary, automotive industry…..etc., to examine products as diverse as gemstones, blood samples, auto coolants, industrial oils. The refractive index is an optical parameter to analyze liquid samples. It serves to identify or confirm the identity of a sample by comparing its refractive index to known values, helps assess the purity of a sample by comparing its refractive index to the value for the pure substance, helps determine the concentration of a solute in a solution by comparing the solution's refractive index to a standard curve. Let us go briefly over the types of refractometers: TRADITIONAL REFRACTOMETERS take advantage of the critical angle principle by which a shadow line is projected onto a small glass thru prisms and lenses. The specimen is placed between a small cover plate and a measuring prism. The point at which the shadow line crosses the scale indicates the reading. There is automatic temperature compensation, because the refractive index varies based on temperature. DIGITAL HANDHELD REFRACTOMETERS are compact, lightweight, water and high temperature resistant testing devices. Measurement times are very short and in the range of two to three seconds only. LABORATORY REFRACTOMETERS are ideal for users planning to measure multiple parameters and get the outputs in various formats, take printouts. Laboratory refractometers offer a wider range and higher accuracy than handheld refractometers. They can be connected to computers and controlled externally. INLINE PROCESS REFRACTOMETERS can be configured to constantly collect specified statistics of the material remotely. The microprocessor control provides computer power that makes these devices very versatile, time-saving and economical. Finally, the RAYLEIGH REFRACTOMETER is used for measuring the refractive indices of gases. Quality of light is very important in the workplace, factory floor, hospitals, clinics, schools, public buildings and many other places. LUX METERS are used to measure luminuous intensity (brightness). Special optic filters match the spectral sensitivity of the human eye. Luminous intensity is measured and reported in foot-candle or lux (lx). One lux is equal to one lumen per square meter and one foot-candle is equal to one lumen per square foot. Modern lux meters are equipped with internal memory or a data logger to record the measurements, cosine correction of the angle of incident light and software to analyze readings. There are lux meters for measuring UVA radiation. High end version lux meters offer Class A status to meet CIE, graphic displays, statistical analysis functions, large measurement range up to 300 klx, manual or automatic range selection, USB and other outputs. A LASER RANGEFINDER is a test instrument which uses a laser beam to determine the distance to an object. Most laser rangefinders operation is based on the time of flight principle. A laser pulse is sent in a narrow beam towards the object and the time taken by the pulse to be reflected off the target and returned to the sender is measured. This equipment is not suitable however for high precision sub-millimeter measurements. Some laser rangefinders use the Doppler effect technique to determine whether the object is moving towards or away from the rangefinder as well as the object’s speed. The precision of a laser rangefinder is determined by the rise or fall time of the laser pulse and the speed of the receiver. Rangefinders that use very sharp laser pulses and very fast detectors are capable to measure the distance of an object to within a few millimeters. Laser beams will eventually spread over long distances due to the divergence of the laser beam. Also distortions caused by air bubbles in the air make it difficult to get an accurate reading of the distance of an object over long distances of more than 1 km in open and unobscured terrain and over even shorter distances in humid and foggy places. High end military rangefinders operate at ranges up to 25 km and are combined with binoculars or monoculars and can be connected to computers wirelessly. Laser rangefinders are used in 3-D object recognition and modelling, and a wide variety of computer vision-related fields such as time-of-flight 3D scanners offering high-precision scanning abilities. The range data retrieved from multiple angles of a single object can be used to produce complete 3-D models with as little error as possible. Laser rangefinders used in computer vision applications offer depth resolutions of tenths of millimeters or less. Many other application areas for laser rangefinders exist, such as sports, construction, industry, warehouse management. Modern laser measurement tools include functions such as capability to make simple calculations, such as the area and volume of a room, switching between imperial and metric units. An ULTRASONIC DISTANCE METER works on a similar principle as a laser distance meter, but instead of light it uses sound with a pitch too high for the human ear to hear. The speed of sound is only about 1/3 of a km per second, so the time measurement is easier. Ultrasound has many of the same advantages of a Laser Distance Meter, namely a single person and one-handed operation. There is no need to access the target personally. However ultrasound distance meters are intrinsically less accurate, because sound is far more difficult to focus than laser light. Accuracy is typically several centimeters or even worse, while it is a few millimeters for laser distance meters. Ultrasound needs a large, smooth, flat surface as the target. This is a severe limitation. You can’t measure to a narrow pipe or similar smaller targets. The ultrasound signal spreads out in a cone from the meter and any objects in the way can interfere with the measurement. Even with laser aiming, one cannot be sure that the surface from which the sound reflection is detected is the same as that where the laser dot is showing. This can lead to errors. Range is limited to tens of meters, whereas laser distance meters can measure hundreds of meters. Despite all these limitations, ultrasonic distance meters cost much less. Handheld ULTRASONIC CABLE HEIGHT METER is a test instrument for measuring cable sag, cable height and overhead clearance to ground. It is the safest method for cable height measurement because it eliminates cable contact and the use of heavy fiberglass poles. Similar to other ultrasonic distance meters, the cable height meter is a one-man simple operation device that sends ultrasound waves to target, measures time to echo, calculates distance based on speed of sound and adjusts itself for air temperature. A SOUND LEVEL METER is a testing instrument that measures sound pressure level. Sound level meters are useful in noise pollution studies for the quantification of different kinds of noise. The measurement of noise pollution is important in construction, aerospace, and many other industries. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) specifies sound level meters as three different types, namely 0, 1 and 2. The relevant ANSI standards set performance and accuracy tolerances according to three levels of precision: Type 0 is used in laboratories, Type 1 is used for precision measurements in the field, and Type 2 is used for general-purpose measurements. For compliance purposes, readings with an ANSI Type 2 sound level meter and dosimeter are considered to have an accuracy of ±2 dBA, whereas a Type 1 instrument has an accuracy of ±1 dBA. A Type 2 meter is the minimum requirement by OSHA for noise measurements, and is usually sufficient for general purpose noise surveys. The more accurate Type 1 meter is intended for the design of cost-effective noise controls. International industry standards related to frequency weighting, peak sound pressure levels….etc are beyond the scope here due to the details associated with them . Before purchasing a particular sound level meter, we advise that you make sure to know what standards compliance your workplace requires and make the right decision in purchasing a particular model of test instrument. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYZERS like TEMPERATURE & HUMIDITY CYCLING CHAMBERS, ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING CHAMBERS come in a variety of sizes, configurations and functions depending on the area of application, the specific industrial standards compliance needed and the end users needs. They can be configured and manufactured according to custom requirements. There is a broad range of test specifications such as MIL-STD, SAE, ASTM to help determine the most appropriate temperature humidity profile for your product. Temperature / humidity testing is generally carried out for : Accelerated Aging: Estimates the life of a product when actual lifespan is unknown under normal use. Accelerated aging exposes the product to high levels of controlled temperature, humidity, and pressure within a relatively shorter timeframe than the expected lifespan of the product. Instead of waiting long times and years to see product lifespan, one can determine it using these tests within a much shorter and reasonable time using these chambers. Accelerated Weathering: Simulates exposure from moisture, dew, heat, UV….etc. Weathering and UV exposure causes damage to coatings, plastics, inks, organic materials, devices…etc. Fading, yellowing, cracking, peeling, brittleness, loss of tensile strength, and delamination occur under prolonged UV exposure. Accelerated weathering tests are designed to determine if products will stand the test of time. Heat Soak/Exposure Thermal Shock: Aimed to determine the ability of materials, parts and components to withstand sudden changes in temperature. Thermal shock chambers rapidly cycle products between hot and cold temperature zones to see the effect of multiple thermal expansions and contractions as would be the case in nature or industrial environments throughout the many seasons and years. Pre & Post Conditioning: For conditioning of materials, containers, packages, devices…etc For details and other similar equipment, please visit our equipment website: http://www.sourceindustrialsupply.com KLIK Product Finder-Locator Service PAGE sadurunge

Electromagnetic Components Manufacturing and Assembly, Selenoid, Electromagnet, Transformer, Electric Motor, Generator, Meters, Indicators, Scales,Electric Fans Solenoida lan Komponen Elektromagnetik & Majelis Minangka pabrikan khusus lan integrator teknik, AGS-TECH bisa nyedhiyakake KOMPONEN ELEKTROMAGNETIK lan assemblies ing ngisor iki: • Selenoid, elektromagnet, trafo, motor listrik lan rakitan generator • Meter elektromagnetik, indikator, timbangan sing digawe khusus kanggo cocog karo piranti ukur sampeyan. • Sensor elektromagnetik lan rakitan aktuator • Penggemar listrik lan coolers saka macem-macem ukuran kanggo piranti elektronik lan aplikasi industri • Déwan sistem elektromagnetik kompleks liyane Klik kene kanggo ndownload brosur Panel Meter - OICASCHINT Ferrite Lembut - Inti - Toroids - Produk Penindasan EMI - Brosur Transponder lan Aksesoris RFID Unduh brosur kanggo PROGRAM KEMITRAAN DESIGN Yen sampeyan seneng banget karo kemampuan teknik lan riset & pangembangan tinimbang kemampuan manufaktur, mula sampeyan ngajak sampeyan ngunjungi situs teknik http://www.ags-engineering.com KLIK Product Finder-Locator Service PAGE sadurunge

Passive Optical Components - Splitter - Combiner - DWDM - Optical Switch - MUX / DEMUX - Circulator - Waveguide - EDFA Komponen Optik Pasif Manufaktur & Majelis We supply PASSIVE OPTICAL COMPONENTS ASSEMBLY, including: • FIBER OPTICAL COMMUNICATION DEVICES: Fiberoptic taps, splitters-combiners, fixed and variable optical attenuators, optical switch, DWDM, MUX/DEMUX, EDFA, Raman amplifiers and other amplifiers, circulators, gain flatteners, custom fiber optic assemblies for telecommunication systems, optical waveguide devices, splicing enclosure, CATV products. • INDUSTRIAL FIBER OPTICAL ASSEMBLY: Fiber optic assemblies for industrial applications (illumination, light delivery or inspection of pipe interiors, fiberscopes, endoscopes....). • FREE SPACE PASSIVE OPTICAL COMPONENTS and ASSEMBLY: These are optical components made from special grade glasses and crystals with superior transmission and reflection and other outstanding characteristics. Lenses, prisms, beamsplitters, waveplates, polarizers, mirrors, filters......etc. are among this category. You can download our off-shelf passive free space optical components and assemblies from our catalog below or ask us for custom designing and manufacturing them specially for your application. Among the passive optical assemblies our engineers have developed are: - A test and cutting station for polarized attenuators. - Video endoscopes and fiberscopes for medical applications. We use special bonding and attachment techniques and materials for rigid, reliable and long life assemblies. Even under extensive environmental cycling tests such as high temperature/low temperature; high humidity/low humidity our assemblies remain intact and keep working. Passive optical components and assemblies have become commodities in recent years. There really is no need to pay big amounts for these components. Contact us to take advantage of our competitive prices for the highest quality available. All our passive optical components and assemblies are manufactured in ISO9001 and TS16949 certified plants and conform to relevant international standards such as Telcordia for communication optics and UL, CE for industrial optical assemblies. Passive Fiber Optic Components and Assembly Brochure Passive Free Space Optical Components and Assembly Brochure KLIK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

Laser Machining - LM - Laser Cutting - Custom Parts Manufacturing - CO2 Laser Processing - Nd-YAG - Cutting - Boring Laser Machining & Cutting & LBM LASER CUTTING is a HIGH-ENERGY-BEAM MANUFACTURING technology that uses a laser to cut materials, and is typically used for industrial manufacturing applications. In LASER BEAM MACHINING (LBM), a laser source focuses optical energy on the surface of the workpiece. Laser cutting directs the highly focused and high-density output of a high-power laser, by computer, at the material to be cut. The targeted material then either melts, burns, vaporizes away, or is blown away by a jet of gas, in a controlled manner leaving an edge with a high-quality surface finish. Our industrial laser cutters are suitable for cutting flat-sheet material as well as structural and piping materials, metallic and nonmetallic workpieces. Generally no vacuum is required in the laser beam machining and cutting processes. There are several types of lasers used in laser cutting and manufacturing. The pulsed or continuous wave CO2 LASER is suited for cutting, boring, and engraving. The NEODYMIUM (Nd) and neodymium yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd-YAG) LASERS are identical in style and differ only in application. The neodymium Nd is used for boring and where high energy but low repetition is required. The Nd-YAG laser on the other hand is used where very high power is required and for boring and engraving. Both CO2 and Nd/ Nd-YAG lasers can be used for LASER WELDING. Other lasers we use in manufacturing include Nd:GLASS, RUBY and EXCIMER. In Laser Beam Machining (LBM), the following parameters are important: The reflectivity and thermal conductivity of the workpiece surface and its specific heat and latent heat of melting and evaporation. The efficiency of the Laser Beam Machining (LBM) process increases with decreasing of these parameters. The cutting depth can be expressed as: t ~ P / (v x d) This means, the cutting depth “t” is proportional to the power input P and inversely proportional to cutting speed v and laser-beam spot diameter d. The surface produced with LBM is generally rough and has a heat-affected zone. CARBONDIOXIDE (CO2) LASER CUTTING and MACHINING: The DC-excited CO2 lasers get pumped by passing a current through the gas mix whereas the RF-excited CO2 lasers use radio frequency energy for excitation. The RF method is relatively new and has become more popular. DC designs require electrodes inside the cavity, and therefore they can have electrode erosion and plating of electrode material on the optics. To the contrary, RF resonators have external electrodes and therefore they are not prone to those problems. We use CO2 lasers in industrial cutting of many materials such as mild steel, aluminum, stainless steel, titanium and plastics. YAG LASER CUTTING and MACHINING: We use YAG lasers for cutting and scribing metals and ceramics. The laser generator and external optics require cooling. Waste heat is generated and transferred by a coolant or directly to air. Water is a common coolant, usually circulated through a chiller or heat transfer system. EXCIMER LASER CUTTING and MACHINING: An excimer laser is a kind of laser with wavelengths in the ultraviolet region. The exact wavelength depends on the molecules used. For example the following wavelengths are associated with the molecules shown in parantheses: 193 nm (ArF), 248 nm (KrF), 308 nm (XeCl), 353 nm (XeF). Some excimer lasers are tunable. Excimer lasers have the attractive property that they can remove very fine layers of surface material with almost no heating or change to the remainder of the material. Therefore excimer lasers are well suited to precision micromachining of organic materials such as some polymers and plastics. GAS-ASSISTED LASER CUTTING: Sometimes we use laser beams in combination with a gas stream, like oxygen, nitrogen or argon for cutting thin sheet materials. This is done using a LASER-BEAM TORCH. For stainless steel and aluminum we use high-pressure inert-gas-assisted laser cutting using nitrogen. This results in oxide-free edges to improve weldability. These gas streams also blow away molten and vaporized material from workpiece surfaces. In a LASER MICROJET CUTTING we have a water-jet guided laser in which a pulsed laser beam is coupled into a low-pressure water jet. We use it to perform laser cutting while using the water jet to guide the laser beam, similar to an optical fiber. The advantages of laser microjet are that the water also removes debris and cools the material, it is faster than traditional ''dry'' laser cutting with higher dicing speeds, parallel kerf and omnidirectional cutting capability. We deploy different methods in cutting using lasers. Some of the methods are vaporization, melt and blow, melt blow and burn, thermal stress cracking, scribing, cold cutting and burning, stabilized laser cutting. - Vaporization cutting: The focused beam heats the surface of the material to its boiling point and creates a hole. The hole leads to a sudden increase in absorptivity and quickly deepens the hole. As the hole deepens and the material boils, the generated vapor erodes the molten walls blowing material out and further enlarging the hole. Non melting material such as wood, carbon and thermoset plastics are usually cut by this method. - Melt and blow cutting: We use high-pressure gas to blow molten material from the cutting area, decreasing the required power. The material is heated to its melting point and then a gas jet blows the molten material out of the kerf. This eliminates the need to raise the temperature of the material any further. We cut metals with this technique. - Thermal stress cracking: Brittle materials are sensitive to thermal fracture. A beam is focused on the surface causing localized heating and thermal expansion. This results in a crack that can then be guided by moving the beam. We use this technique in glass cutting. - Stealth dicing of silicon wafers: The separation of microelectronic chips from silicon wafers is performed by the stealth dicing process, using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser, the wavelength of 1064 nm is well adopted to the electronic band gap of silicon (1.11 eV or 1117 nm). This is popular in semiconductor device fabrication. - Reactive cutting: Also called flame cutting, this technique can be resembled to oxygen torch cutting but with a laser beam as the ignition source. We use this for cutting carbon steel in thicknesses over 1 mm and even very thick steel plates with little laser power. PULSED LASERS provide us a high-power burst of energy for a short period and are very effective in some laser cutting processes, such as piercing, or when very small holes or very low cutting speeds are required. If a constant laser beam was used instead, the heat could reach the point of melting the entire piece being machined. Our lasers have the ability to pulse or cut CW (Continuous Wave) under NC (numerical control) program control. We use DOUBLE PULSE LASERS emitting a series of pulse pairs to improve material removal rate and hole quality. The first pulse removes material from the surface and the second pulse prevents the ejected material from readhering to the side of the hole or cut. Tolerances and surface finish in laser cutting and machining are outstanding. Our modern laser cutters have positioning accuracies in the neighborhood of 10 micrometers and repeatabilities of 5 micrometers. Standard roughnesses Rz increase with the sheet thickness, but decreases with laser power and cutting speed. The laser cutting and machining processes are capable of achieving close tolerances, often to within 0.001 inch (0.025 mm) Part geometry and the mechanical features of our machines are optimized to achieve best tolerance capabilities. Surface finishes we can obtain from laser beam cutting may range between 0.003 mm to 0.006 mm. Generally we easily achieve holes with 0.025 mm diameter, and holes as small as 0.005 mm and hole depth-to-diameter ratios of 50 to 1 have been produced in various materials. Our simplest and most standard laser cutters will cut carbon steel metal from 0.020–0.5 inch (0.51–13 mm) in thickness and can easily be up to thirty times faster than standard sawing. Laser-beam machining is used widely for drilling and cutting of metals, nonmetals and composite materials. Advantages of laser cutting over mechanical cutting include easier workholding, cleanliness and reduced contamination of the workpiece (since there is no cutting edge as in traditional milling or turning which can become contaminated by the material or contaminate the material, i.e. bue build-up). The abrasive nature of composite materials may make them difficult to machine by conventional methods but easy by laser machining. Because the laser beam does not wear during the process, precision obtained may be better. Because laser systems have a small heat-affected zone, there is also a lesser chance of warping the material that is being cut. For some materials laser cutting can be the only option. Laser-beam cutting processes are flexible, and fiber optic beam delivery, simple fixturing, short set-up times, availability of three dimensional CNC systems make it possible for laser cutting and machining to compete successfully with other sheet metal fabrication processes such as punching. This being said, laser technology can sometimes be combined with the mechanical fabrication technologies for improved overall efficiency. Laser cutting of sheet metals has the advantages over plasma cutting of being more precise and using less energy, however, most industrial lasers cannot cut through the greater metal thickness that plasma can. Lasers operating at higher powers such as 6000 Watts are approaching plasma machines in their ability to cut through thick materials. However the capital cost of these 6000 Watt laser cutters is much higher than that of plasma cutting machines capable of cutting thick materials like steel plate. There are also disadvantages of laser cutting and machining. Laser cutting involves high power consumption. Industrial laser efficiencies may range from 5% to 15%. The power consumption and efficiency of any particular laser will vary depending on output power and operating parameters. This will depend on type of laser and how well the laser matches the work at hand. Amount of laser cutting power required for a particular task depends on the material type, thickness, process (reactive/inert) used and the desired cutting rate. The maximum production rate in laser cutting and machining is limited by a number of factors including laser power, process type (whether reactive or inert), material properties and thickness. In LASER ABLATION we remove material from a solid surface by irradiating it with a laser beam. At low laser flux, the material is heated by the absorbed laser energy and evaporates or sublimates. At high laser flux, the material is typically converted to a plasma. High power lasers clean a large spot with a single pulse. Lower power lasers use many small pulses which may be scanned across an area. In laser ablation we remove material with a pulsed laser or with a continuous wave laser beam if the laser intensity is high enough. Pulsed lasers can drill extremely small, deep holes through very hard materials. Very short laser pulses remove material so quickly that the surrounding material absorbs very little heat, therefore laser drilling can be done on delicate or heat-sensitive materials. Laser energy can be selectively absorbed by coatings, therefore CO2 and Nd:YAG pulsed lasers can be used to clean surfaces, remove paint and coating, or prepare surfaces for painting without damaging the underlying surface. We use LASER ENGRAVING and LASER MARKING to engrave or mark an object. These two techniques are in fact the most widely used applications. No inks are used, nor does it involve tool bits which contact the engraved surface and wear out which is the case with traditional mechanical engraving and marking methods. Materials specially designed for laser engraving and marking include laser-sensitive polymers and special new metal alloys. Although laser marking and engraving equipment is relatively more expensive compared to alternatives such as punches, pins, styli, etching stamps….etc., they have become more popular due to their accuracy, reproducibility, flexibility, ease of automation and on-line application in a wide variety of manufacturing environments. Finally, we use laser beams for several other manufacturing operations: - LASER WELDING - LASER HEAT TREATING: Small-scale heat treating of metals and ceramics to modify their surface mechanical and tribological properties. - LASER SURFACE TREATMENT / MODIFICATION: Lasers are used to clean surfaces, introduce functional groups, modify surfaces in an effort to improve adhesion prior to coating deposition or joining processes. KLIK Product Finder-Locator Service PAGE sadurunge