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Electron Beam Machining, EBM, E-Beam Machining & Cutting & Boring, Custom Manufacturing of Parts - AGS-TECH Inc. - NM - USA EBM Machining & Electron Beam Machining In ELECTRON-BEAM MACHINING (EBM) we have high-velocity electrons concentrated into a narrow beam which are directed toward the work piece, creating heat and vaporizing the material. Thus EBM is a kind of HIGH-ENERGY-BEAM MACHINING technique. Electron-Beam Machining (EBM) can be used for very accurate cutting or boring of a variety of metals. Surface finish is better and kerf width is narrower in comparison to other thermal-cutting processes. The electron beams in EBM-Machining equipment are generated in an electron beam gun. The applications of Electron-Beam Machining are similar to those of Laser-Beam Machining, except that EBM requires a good vacuum. Thus these two processes are classified as electro-optical-thermal processes. The workpiece to be machined with EBM process is located under the electron beam and is kept under vacuum. The electron beam guns in our EBM machines are also provided with illumination systems and telescopes for alignment of the beam with the workpiece. Workpiece is mounted on a CNC table so that holes of any shape can be machined using the CNC control and beam deflection functionality of the gun. To achieve the fast evaporation of the material, the planar density of the power in the beam must be as high as possible. Values up to 10exp7 W/mm2 can be achieved at the spot of impact. The electrons transfer their kinetic energy into heat in a very small area, and the material impacted by the beam is evaporated in a very short time. The molten material at the top of the front, is expelled from the cutting zone by the high vapor pressure at the lower parts. EBM equipment is built similarly to electron beam welding machines. Electron-beam machines usually utilize voltages in the range of 50 to 200 kV to accelerate electrons to about 50 to 80% of the speed of light (200,000 km/s). Magnetic lenses whose function is based on Lorentz forces are used to focus the electron beam to the surface of the workpiece. With the help of a computer, the electromagnetic deflection system positions the beam as needed so holes of any shape can be drilled. In other words, the magnetic lenses in Electron-Beam-Machining equipment shape the beam and reduce the divergence. Apertures on the other hand allow only the convergent electrons to pass and capture the divergent low energy electrons from the fringes. The aperture and the magnetic lenses in EBM-Machines thus improve the quality of the electron beam. The gun in EBM is used in pulsed mode. Holes can be drilled in thin sheets using a single pulse. However for thicker plates, multiple pulses would be needed. Switching pulse durations of as low as 50 microseconds to as long as 15 miliseconds are generally used. To minimize electron collisions with air molecules resulting in scattering and keep contamination to a minimum, vacuum is used in EBM. Vacuum is difficult and expensive to produce. Especially obtaining good vacuum within large volumes and chambers is very demanding. Therefore EBM is best suited for small parts that fit into reasonably sized compact vacuum chambers. The level of vacuum within the EBM’s gun is in the order of 10EXP(-4) to 10EXP(-6) Torr. The interaction of the electron beam with the work piece produces X-rays which pose health hazard, and therefore well trained personnel should operate EBM equipment. Generally speaking, EBM-Machining is used for cutting holes as small as 0.001 inch (0.025 millimetre) in diameter and slots as narrow as 0.001 inch in materials up to 0.250 inch (6.25 millimetres) thick. Characteristic length is the diameter over which the beam is active. Electron beam in EBM may have a characteristic length of tens of microns to mm depending on degree of focusing of the beam. Generally, the high-energy focused electron beam is made to impinge on the workpiece with a spot size of 10 – 100 microns. EBM can provide holes of diameters in the range of 100 microns to 2 mm with a depth up to 15 mm, i.e., with a depth/diameter ratio of around 10. In case of defocused electron beams, power densities would drop as low as 1 Watt/mm2. However in case of focused beams the power densities could be increased to tens of kW/mm2. As a comparison, laser beams can be focused over a spot size of 10 – 100 microns with a power density as high as 1 MW/mm2. Electrical discharge typically provides the highest power densities with smaller spot sizes. Beam current is directly related to the number of electrons available in the beam. Beam current in Electron-Beam-Machining can be as low as 200 microamperes to 1 ampere. Increasing the EBM’s beam current and/or pulse duration directly increases the energy per pulse. We use high-energy pulses in excess of 100 J/pulse to machine larger holes on thicker plates. Under normal conditions, EBM-machining offers us the advantage of burr-free products. The process parameters directly affecting the machining characteristics in Electron-Beam-Machining are: • Acceleration voltage • Beam current • Pulse duration • Energy per pulse • Power per pulse • Lens current • Spot size • Power density Some fancy structures can also be obtained using Electron-Beam-Machining. Holes can be tapered along the depth or barrel shaped. By focusing the beam below the surface, reverse tapers can be obtained. A wide range of materials like steel, stainless steel, titanium and nickel super-alloys, aluminum, plastics, ceramics can be machined using e-beam-machining. There could be thermal damages associated with EBM. However, the heat-affected zone is narrow due to short pulse durations in EBM. The heat-affected zones are generally around 20 to 30 microns. Some materials such as aluminum and titanium alloys are more readily machined compared to steel. Furthermore EBM-machining does not involve cutting forces on the work pieces. This enables machining of fragile and brittle materials by EBM without any significant clamping or attaching as is the case in mechanical machining techniques. Holes can also be drilled at very shallow angles like 20 to 30 degrees. The advantages of Electron-Beam-Machining: EBM provides very high drilling rates when small holes with high aspect ratio are drilled. EBM can machine almost any material regardless of its mechanical properties. No mechanical cutting forces are involved, thus work clamping, holding and fixturing costs are ignorable, and fragile/brittle materials can be processed without problems. Heat affected zones in EBM are small because of shorte pulses. EBM is able of providing any shape of holes with accuracy by using electromagnetic coils to deflect electron beams and the CNC table. The disadvantages of Electron-Beam-Machining: Equipment is expensive and operating and maintaining vacuum systems requires specialized technicians. EBM requires significant vacuum pump down periods for attaining required low pressures. Even though heat affected zone is small in EBM, the recast layer formation occurs frequently. Our many years of experience and know-how helps us to take advantage of this valuable equipment in our manufacturing environment. CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service RÛPERA BERÊ

AGS-TECH offers off-shelf and custom manufactured tanks and containers of various sizes. We supply wire mesh cage containers, stainless, aluminum and metal tanks and containers, IBC tanks, plastic and polymer containers, fiberglass tanks, collapsible tanks. Tank û konteyniran We supply chemical, powder, liquid and gas storage containers and tanks made from inert polymers, stainless steel....etc. We have foldable, rolling containers, stackable containers, collapsible containers, containers with other useful functionalities finding applications in many industries such as construction, food, pharmaceuticals, chemical, petrochemical....etc. Tell us about your application and we will recommend you the most suitable container. Large volume stainless steel or other material containers are custom made to order and according to your specifications. Smaller containers are generally available off-the-shelf and also custom manufactured if your quantities justify. If quantities are significant, we can blow or rotation mould plastic containers & tanks according to your specifications. Here are the main types of our tanks and containers: Wire Mesh Cage Containers We have a variety of Wire Mesh Cage Containers in stock and can also custom manufacture them according to your specifications and needs. Our Wire Mesh Cage Containers include products such as: Stackable Cage Pallets Foldable Wire Mesh Roll Containers Foldable Wire Mesh Containers All our wire mesh cage containers are made of highest quality stainless or mild steel materials and the non-stainless versions are coated against corrosion and decay generally using zinc, hot dip or powder coating. Color of finish is generally zinc: white or yellow; or powder coated according to your request. Our wire mesh cage containers are assembled under strict quality control procedures and tested for mechanical impact, weight carrying capacity, durability, strength and long term reliability. Our wire mesh cage containers conform to international quality standards as well as US and international transportation industry standards. Wire mesh cage containers are generally used as storage boxes & bins, storage carts, transportation carts..etc. When choosing a wire mesh cage container, please consider important parameters such as loading capacity, weight of the container itself, dimensions of the grid, exterior and interior dimensions, whether you need a container that folds flat for space-saving shipping and storage, and please also consider how many of a particular container can be loaded in a 20 foot or 40 foot shipping container. The bottom line is wire mesh cage containers are long lasting, economical and environmentally friendly alternative to disposable packaging. Below are downloadable brochures of our wire mesh container products. - Wire Mesh Container Quote Design Form (please click to download, fill out and email us) Stainless and Metal Tanks & Containers Our stainless and other metal tanks and containers are ideal for storing creams and fluids. They are ideal for the cosmetics, pharmaceutical and food & beverage industries and others. They comply with European, American and international guidelines. Our stainless and metal tanks are easy to clean. These containers have steady basis and can be sanitized with no retention area. We can fit our stainless and metal tanks and containers with all types of accessories, such as integration of a washing head. Our containers are pressurizable. They are easily adaptable to your plant and workplace. Working pressures of our containers vary, so make sure to compare the specifications to your needs. Our aluminum containers and tanks are also very popular in the industry. Some models are mobile with wheels, others are stackable. We have powder, granules and pellets storage tanks that are UN approved for transportation of hazardous products. We are capable to custom design and fabricate stainless and metal tanks according to your needs and specifications. Inner and outer dimensions, wall thicknesses of our stainless and metal tanks & containers can be varied according to your requirements. Stainless and Aluminum Tanks & Containers Stackable Tanks and Containers Wheeled Tanks and Containers IBC & GRV Tanks Powder, Granules and Pellets Storage Tanks Custom Designed and Fabricated Tanks and Containers Please click links below to download our brochures for Stainless and Metal Tanks & Containers: IBC Tanks and Containers Plastic and Polymer Tanks & Containers AGS-TECH supplies tanks & containers from a vast variety of plastic and polymer materials. We encourage you to contact us with your request and specify the following so we can quote you the most appropriate product. - Application - Material grade - Dimensions - Finish - Packaging requirements - Quantity For example FDA approved food grade plastic materials are important for some containers storing beverages, grains, fruit juice....etc. On the other hand, if you need plastic and polymer tanks and containers to store chemicals or pharmaceuticals, the inertness of the plastic material against the content is of utmost importance. Contact us for our opinion on materials. You can also order off-shelf plastic and polymer tanks & containers from our brochures below. Please click on the links below to download our brochures for plastic and polymer tanks and containers: IBC Tanks and Containers Fiberglass Tanks & Containers We offer tanks & containers made of fiberglass materials. Our fiberglass tanks and containers meet US & internationally accepted standards for storage tank construction. Fiberglass tanks & containers are fabricated with contact molded laminates conforming to ASTM 4097 and filament wound laminates conforming to ASTM 3299. Special resins used in fiberglass tanks fabrication are chosen based upon customer information regarding concentration, temperature, and corrosive behavior of the product being stored. FDA approved as well as fire retardant resins are available for special applications. We encourage you to contact us with your request and specify the following so we can quote you the most appropriate fiberglass tank and container. - Application - Material expectations & specifications - Dimensions - Finish - Packaging requirements - Quantity needed We will happily give you our opinion. You can also order off-shelf fiberglass tanks & containers from our brochures below. If none of the fiberglass tanks and containers in our off-shelf portfolio satisfies you, please let us know and we can consider custom manufacturing according to your needs. Collapsible Tanks & Containers Collapsible water tanks and containers are your best choice to store liquid in applications where plastic barrels and other containers are too small or impractical. Also when you need large amounts of water or liquid quickly without constructing a concrete or metal tank, our collapsible tanks and containers are ideal. As the name implies, collapsible tanks and containers, are collapsible, meaning that you can shrink them after use, roll and make them very compact and small in volume, easy to store and transport when empty. They are reusable. We can supply you any size and model and according to your specifications. General Features of our Collapsible Tanks and Containers: - Color: Blue, orange, grey, dark green, black,.....etc. - Material: PVC - Capacity: Generally between 200 to 30000 liters - Light weight, easy operation. - Minimum packing size, easy for transportation and storage. - No contamination of water - High strength of coated fabric, adhesion up to 60 lb/in. - High strength of the seams is assured with the high frequency melt and sealed with the same polyurethane as the tank body, so the tanks have excellent ability preventing air leakage and its very safe for water. Applications for Collapsible Tanks and Containers: · Temporary Storage · Rainwater Collection · Residential and Public Storage of Water · Defense Water Storage Applications · Water Treatment · Emergency Storage and Relief · Irrigation · Construction companies choose PVC water tanks to test bridge maximum load · Fire fighting We also accept OEM orders. Custom labeling, packaging and logo printing is available. RÛPERA BERÊ

Custom Electric Electronics Manufacturing, Lighting, Display, Touchscreen, Cable Assembly, PCB, PCBA, Wireless Devices, Wire Harness, Microwave Components Hilberîna Berhemên Elektrîkî û Elektronîkî yên Xweser Read More Civîn û Têkiliyên Kabloya Elektrîk & Elektronîkî Read More PCB & PCBA Manufacturing û Meclîsa Read More Hêza Elektrîkê & Enerjiyê Pêkhateyên û Pergalên Hilberîn û Civînê Read More Çêkirin & Civîna Amûrên RF û Wireless Read More Pêkhateyên Mîkropêl û Pergalên Hilberîn & Civîn Read More Hilberîn û Civîna Pergalên Ronahî & Ronahî Read More Solenoids û pêkhateyên elektromagnetîk & Meclîsên Read More Pêkhatin û Meclîsên Elektrîk & Elektronîkî Read More Pêşandan & Touchscreen & Monitor Çêkirin û Civînê Read More Otomasyon & Hilberîn û Civîna Pergalên Robotîk Read More Pergalên Embedded & Komputerên Pîşesaziyê & Panel PC Read More Amûrên Testê yên Pîşesazî Em pêşkêş dikin: • Civîna Kabloya Xweser, PCB, Dîmender & Dîmendera Touchê (wek iPod), Pêkhateyên Hêz û Enerjiyê, Bêtêl, Mîkropêl, Pêkhateyên Kontrolkirina Tevgerê, Berhemên Ronahî, Pêkhateyên Elektromanetîk û Elektronîkî. Em hilberan li gorî taybetmendî û daxwazên we yên taybetî ava dikin. Berhemên me di ISO9001: 2000, QS9000, ISO14001, TS16949 hawirdorên pejirandî de têne çêkirin û xwedan nîşana CE, UL in û standardên pîşesaziyê yên wekî IEEE, ANSI pêk tînin. Gava ku em ji bo projeya we hatine tayîn kirin, em dikarin li ser tevahiya çêkirinê, meclîsê, ceribandinê, kalîteyê, barkirin û gumrikê tevbigerin. Ger hûn tercîh dikin, em dikarin parçeyên we hilînin, kîtên xwerû berhev bikin, nav û marqeya we çap bikin û binav bikin û ji xerîdarên we re bişînin. Bi gotinek din, heke hûn vê yekê tercîh dikin, em dikarin bibin navenda barkirin û belavkirina we. Ji ber ku embarên me li nêzî benderên mezin ên deryayê ne, ew feydeya lojîstîkî dide me. Mînakî, dema ku hilberên we digihîjin benderek mezin a Dewletên Yekbûyî, em dikarin wê rasterast veguhezînin depoyek nêzê ku li wir em dikarin hilînin, berhev bikin, kîtan çêkin, ji nû ve etîket bikin, çap bikin, pakêt bikin li gorî bijartina we û ger hûn bixwazin keştiyê bişînin xerîdarên xwe. . Em ne tenê hilberan peyda dikin. Pargîdaniya me li ser peymanên xwerû dixebite ku em têne malpera we, projeya we li ser malperê dinirxînin û pêşniyarek projeyek xwerû ya ku ji we re hatî sêwirandin pêşdixin. Dûv re em ekîba xwe ya pispor dişînin da ku projeyê bicîh bînin. Mînakên xebata peymanê sazkirina modulên rojê, jeneratorên bayê, ronahiya LED û pergalên otomasyona teserûfa enerjiyê li sazgeha weya pîşesaziyê heye da ku fatûreyên weya enerjiyê kêm bikin, sazkirina pergala tespîtkirina fîberoptîkê ji bo tespîtkirina her zirarê li boriyên we an jî ji bo tespîtkirina destdirêjkerên potansiyel ên ku di nav we de dişkînin. navxanî. Em projeyên piçûk û her weha projeyên mezin di asta pîşesaziyê de digirin. Wekî gava yekem, em dikarin we bi têlefonê, têlefonê an jî qasidê MSN-ê bi endamên tîmê meya pispor ve girêdin, da ku hûn rasterast bi pisporek re têkilî daynin, pirsan bipirsin û projeya xwe nîqaş bikin. Ger hewce bike em ê werin serdana we. Ger hewcedariya we bi yek ji van hilberan hebe an pirsên we hebin, ji kerema xwe bi +1-505-550-6501 re telefon bikin an ji me re bi e-nameyê re bişînin sales@agstech.net Ger hûn bi piranî li şûna kapasîteyên hilberînê bi kapasîteyên me yên endezyar û lêkolîn û pêşkeftinê re eleqedar dibin, wê hingê em we vedixwînin ku hûn biçin serdana malpera me ya endezyariyê. http://www.ags-engineering.com CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service RÛPERA BERÊ

Thickness Gauges - Ultrasonic - Flaw Detector - Nondestructive Measurement of Thickness & Flaws from AGS-TECH Inc. - USA Stûrahî û Kêmasî û Detektor AGS-TECH Inc. offers ULTRASONIC FLAW DETECTORS and a number of different THICKNESS GAUGES with different principles of operation. One of the popular types are the ULTRASONIC THICKNESS GAUGES ( also referred to as UTM ) which are measuring instruments for the NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING & investigation of a material's thickness using ultrasonic waves. Another type is HALL EFFECT THICKNESS GAUGE ( also referred to as MAGNETIC BOTTLE THICKNESS GAUGE ). The Hall Effect thickness gauges offer the advantage of accuracy not being affected by the shape of samples. A third common type of NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING ( NDT ) instruments are EDDY CURRENT THICKNESS GAUGES. Eddy-current-type thickness gauges are electronic instruments that measure variations in impedance of an eddy-current inducing coil caused by coating thickness variations. They can only be used if the electrical conductivity of the coating differs significantly from that of the substrate. Yet a classical type of instruments are the DIGITAL THICKNESS GAUGES. They come in a variety of forms and capabilities. Most of them are relatively inexpensive instruments that rely on contacting two opposing surfaces of the specimen to measure thickness. Some of the brand name thickness gauges and ultrasonic flaw detectors we sell are SADT, SINOAGE and MITECH. ELCOMETER Inspection Equipment (material and corrosion thickness measurement, flaw detection instruments available) MITECH Multimode U ltrasonic T hickness G auges MT180 and MT190, please CLICK HERE MITECH P roduct C omparison T able for Flaw Detectors please click here. MITECH Ultrasonic F law D etector MODEL MFD620C please click here. Private Label Hand Tools for Every Industry (This catalog contains a few thickness gauges. We can private label these hand tools if you wish. In other words, we can put your company name, brand and label on them. This way you can promote your brand by reselling these to your customers.) SADT-SINOAGE Ultrasonic Thickness Gauges, please CLICK HERE. SADT-SINOAGE Brand Metrology and Test Equipment, please CLICK HERE. ULTRASONIC THICKNESS GAUGES : What makes ultrasonic measurements so attractive is their ability to gauge thickness without a need for accessing both sides of the test specimen. Various versions of these instruments such as ultrasonic coating thickness gauge, paint thickness gauge and digital thickness gauge are commercially available. A variety of materials including metals, ceramics, glasses and plastics can be tested. The instrument measures the amount of time it takes sound waves to traverse from the transducer through the material to the back end of the part and then the time which the reflection takes to get back to the transducer. From the time measured, the instrument calculates the thickness based on the speed of sound through the specimen. The transducer sensors are generally piezoelectric or EMAT. Thickness gauges with both a predetermined frequency as well as some with tunable frequencies are available. The tunable ones allow inspection of a wider range of materials. Typical ultrasonic thickness gauge frequencies are 5 mHz. Our thickness gauges offer the capability to save data and to output it to data logging devices. Ultrasonic thickness gauges are non-destructive testers, they do not require access to both sides of the test specimens, some models can be used on coatings and linings, accuracies less than 0.1mm can be obtained, easy to use on the field and no need for lab environment. Some disadvantages are the requirement of calibration for each material, need for good contact with the material which sometimes requires special coupling gels or petroleum jelly to be used at the device/sample contact interface. Popular application areas of portable ultrasonic thickness gauges are shipbuilding, construction industries, pipelines and pipe manufacturing, container and tank manufacturing....etc. The technicians can easily remove dirt and corrosion from the surfaces and then apply the coupling gel and press the probe against the metal to measure thickness. Hall Effect gages measure total wall thicknesses only, while ultrasonic gages are capable to measure individual layers in multilayer plastic products. In HALL EFFECT THICKNESS GAUGES the measurement accuracy will not be affected by the shape of samples. These devices are based on the theory of Hall Effect. For testing, the steel ball is placed on one side of the sample and the probe on the other side. The Hall Effect sensor on the probe measures the distance from the probe tip to the steel ball. The calculator will display the real thickness readings. As you can imagine, this non-destructive test method offers quick measurement for spot thickness on area where accurate measurement of corners, small radii, or complex shapes are required. In nondestructive testing, Hall Effect gages employ a probe containing a strong permanent magnet and a Hall semiconductor connected to a voltage measurement circuit. If a ferromagnetic target such as a steel ball of known mass is placed in the magnetic field, it bends the field, and this changes the voltage across the Hall sensor. As the target is moved away from the magnet, the magnetic field and hence the Hall voltage, change in a predictable manner. Plotting these changes, an instrument can generate a calibration curve that compares the measured Hall voltage to the distance of the target from the probe. The information entered into the instrument during the calibration allows the gage to establish a lookup table, in effect plotting a curve of voltage changes. During measurements, the gage checks the measured values against the lookup table and displays thickness on a digital screen. Users only need to key in known values during calibration and let the gage do the comparing and calculating. The calibration process is automatic. Advanced equipment versions offer display of the real time thickness readings and automatically captures the minimum thickness. Hall Effect thickness gauges are widely used in plastic packaging industry with rapid measurement ability, up to 16 times per second and accuracies of about ±1%. They can store thousands of thickness readings in memory. Resolutions of 0.01 mm or 0.001 mm (equivalent to 0.001” or 0.0001”) are possible. EDDY CURRENT TYPE THICKNESS GAUGES are electronic instruments that measure variations in impedance of an eddy-current inducing coil caused by coating thickness variations. They can only be used if the electrical conductivity of the coating differs significantly from that of the substrate. Eddy current techniques can be used for a number of dimensional measurements. The ability to make rapid measurements without the need for couplant or, in some cases even without the need for surface contact, makes eddy current techniques very useful. The type of measurements that can be made include thickness of thin metal sheet and foil, and of metallic coatings on metallic and nonmetallic substrate, cross-sectional dimensions of cylindrical tubes and rods, thickness of nonmetallic coatings on metallic substrates. One application where the eddy current technique is commonly used to measure material thickness is in the detection and characterization of corrosion damage & thinning on the skins of aircraft. Eddy current testing can be used to do spot checks or scanners can be used to inspect small areas. Eddy current inspection has an advantage over ultrasound in this application because no mechanical coupling is required to get the energy into the structure. Therefore, in multi-layered areas of the structure like lap splices, eddy current can often determine if corrosion thinning is present in buried layers. Eddy current inspection has an advantage over radiography for this application because only single sided access is required to perform the inspection. To get a piece of radiographic film on the back side of the aircraft skin might require uninstalling interior furnishings, panels, and insulation which could be very costly and damaging. Eddy current techniques are also used to measure the thickness of hot sheet, strip and foil in rolling mills. An important application of tube-wall thickness measurement is the detection and assessment of external and internal corrosion. Internal probes must be used when the external surfaces are not accessible, such as when testing pipes that are buried or supported by brackets. Success has been achieved in measuring thickness variations in ferromagnetic metal pipes with the remote field technique. Dimensions of cylindrical tubes and rods can be measured with either outer diameter coils or internal axial coils, whichever is appropriate. The relationship between change in impedance and change in diameter is fairly constant, with the exception at very low frequencies. Eddy current techniques can determine thickness changes down to about three percent of the skin thickness. It is also possible to measure the thicknesses of thin layers of metal on metallic substrates, provided the two metals have widely differing electrical conductivities. A frequency must be selected such that there is complete eddy current penetration of the layer, but not of the substrate itself. The method has also been used successfully for measuring thickness of very thin protective coatings of ferromagnetic metals (such as chromium and nickel) on non-ferromagnetic metal bases. On the other hand, the thickness of nonmetallic coatings on metal substrates can be determined simply from the effect of liftoff on impedance. This method is used for measuring the thickness of paint and plastic coatings. The coating serves as a spacer between the probe and the conductive surface. As the distance between the probe and the conductive base metal increases, the eddy current field strength decreases because less of the probe's magnetic field can interact with the base metal. Thicknesses between 0.5 and 25 µm can be measured with an accuracy between 10% for lower values and 4% for higher values. DIGITAL THICKNESS GAUGES : They rely on contacting two opposing surfaces of the specimen to measure thickness. Most digital thickness gauges are switchable from metric reading to inch reading. They are limited in their capabilities because proper contacting is needed to make accurate measurements. They are also more prone to operator error due to variations from user to user’s specimen handling differences as well as the wide differences in specimen properties such as hardness, elasticity….etc. They may be however sufficient for some applications and their prices are lower compared to the other types of thickness testers. The MITUTOYO brand is well recognized for its digital thickness gauges. Our PORTABLE ULTRASONIC THICKNESS GAUGES from SADT are: SADT Models SA40 / SA40EZ / SA50 : SA40 / SA40EZ are the miniaturized ultrasonic thickness gauges that can measure wall thickness and velocity. These intelligent gauges are designed to measure the thickness of both metallic and nonmetallic materials such as steel, aluminum, copper, brass, silver and etc. These versatile models can easily be equipped with the low & high frequency probes, high temperature probe for demanding application environments. The SA50 ultrasonic thickness meter is micro-processor controlled and is based on the ultrasonic measurement principle. It is capable of measuring the thickness and acoustic speed of ultrasound transmitted through various materials. The SA50 is designed to measure the thickness of standard metal materials and metal materials covered with coating. Download our SADT product brochure from above link to see differences in measuring range, resolution, accuracy, memory capacity, ….etc between these three models. SADT Models ST5900 / ST5900+ : These instruments are the miniaturized ultrasonic thickness gauges that can measure wall thicknesses. The ST5900 has a fixed velocity of 5900 m/s, which is used only for measuring the wall thickness of steel. On the other hand, the model ST5900+ is capable to adjust velocity between 1000~9990m/s so that it can measure the thickness of both metallic and nonmetallic materials like steel, aluminum, brass, silver,…. etc. For details on various probes please download product brochure from the above link. Our PORTABLE ULTRASONIC THICKNESS GAUGES from MITECH are: Multi-Mode Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge MITECH MT180 / MT190 : These are multi-mode ultrasonic thickness gauges based on the same operating principles as SONAR. The instrument is capable of measuring the thickness of various materials with accuracies as high as 0.1/0.01 millimeters. The multi-mode feature of the gauge allows the user to toggle between pulse-echo mode (flaw and pit detection), and echo-echo mode (filtering paint or coating thickness). Multi-mode: Pulse-Echo mode and Echo-Echo mode. The MITECH MT180 / MT190 models are capable of performing measurements on a wide range of materials, including metals, plastic, ceramics, composites, epoxies, glass and other ultrasonic wave conducting materials. Various transducer models are available for special applications such as coarse grain materials and high temperature environments. The instruments offer Probe-Zero function, Sound-Velocity-Calibration function, Two-Point Calibration function, Single Point Mode and Scan Mode. The MITECH MT180 / MT190 models are capable of seven measurement readings per second in the single point mode, and sixteen per second in the scan mode. They have coupling status indicator, option for Metric/Imperial unit selection, battery information indicator for the remaining capacity of the battery, auto sleep and auto power off function to conserve battery life, optional software to process the memory data on the PC. For details on various probes and transducers please download product brochure from the above link. ULTRASONIC FLAW DETECTORS : Modern versions are small, portable, microprocessor-based instruments suitable for plant and field use. High frequency sound waves are used to detect hidden cracks, porosity, voids, flaws and discontinuities in solids such as ceramic, plastic, metal, alloys…etc. These ultrasonic waves reflect from or transmit through such flaws in the material or product in predictable ways and produce distinctive echo patterns. Ultrasonic flaw detectors are nondestructive test instruments (NDT testing). They are popular in testing of welded structures, structural materials, manufacturing materials. The majority of ultrasonic flaw detectors operate at frequencies between 500,000 and 10,000,000 cycles per second (500 KHz to 10 MHz), far beyond the audible frequencies our ears can detect. In ultrasonic flaw detection, generally the lower limit of detection for a small flaw is one-half wavelength and anything smaller than that will be invisible to the test instrument. The expression summarizing a sound wave is: Wavelength = Speed of Sound / Frequency Sound waves in solids exhibit various modes of propagation: - A longitudinal or compression wave is characterized by particle motion in the same direction as wave propagation. In other words the waves travel as a result of compressions and rarefactions in the medium. - A shear / transverse wave exhibits particle motion perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. - A surface or Rayleigh wave has an elliptical particle motion and travels across the surface of a material, penetrating to a depth of approximately one wavelength. Seismic waves in earthquakes are also Rayleigh waves. - A plate or Lamb wave is a complex mode of vibration observed in thin plates where material thickness is less than one wavelength and the wave fills the entire cross-section of the medium. Sound waves may be converted from one form to another. When sound travels through a material and encounters a boundary of another material, a portion of the energy will be reflected back and a portion transmitted through. The amount of energy reflected, or reflection coefficient, is related to the relative acoustic impedance of the two materials. Acoustic impedance in turn is a material property defined as density multiplied by the speed of sound in a given material. For two materials, the reflection coefficient as a percentage of incident energy pressure is: R = (Z2 - Z1) / (Z2 + Z1) R = reflection coefficient (e.g. percentage of energy reflected) Z1 = acoustic impedance of first material Z2 = acoustic impedance of second material In ultrasonic flaw detection, the reflection coefficient approaches 100% for metal / air boundaries, which can be interpreted as all of the sound energy being reflected from a crack or discontinuity in the path of the wave. This makes ultrasonic flaw detection possible. When it comes to reflection and refraction of sound waves, the situation is similar to that of light waves. Sound energy at ultrasonic frequencies is highly directional and the sound beams used for flaw detection are well defined. When sound reflects off a boundary, the angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence. A sound beam that hits a surface at perpendicular incidence will reflect straight back. Sound waves that are transmitted from one material to another bend in accordance to Snell's Law of refraction. Sound waves hitting a boundary at an angle will be bent according to the formula: Sin Ø1/Sin Ø2 = V1/V2 Ø1 = Incident angle in first material Ø2= Refracted angle in second material V1 = Velocity of sound in the first material V2 = Velocity of sound in the second material Transducers of ultrasonic flaw detectors have an active element made of a piezoelectric material. When this element is vibrated by an incoming sound wave, it generates an electrical pulse. When it is excited by a high voltage electrical pulse, it vibrates across a specific spectrum of frequencies and generates sound waves. Because sound energy at ultrasonic frequencies does not travel efficiently through gasses, a thin layer of coupling gel is used between the transducer and the test piece. Ultrasonic transducers used in flaw detection applications are: - Contact Transducers: These are used in direct contact with the test piece. They send sound energy perpendicular to the surface and are typically used for locating voids, porosity, cracks, delaminations parallel to the outside surface of a part, as well as for measuring thickness. - Angle Beam Transducers: They are used in conjunction with plastic or epoxy wedges (angle beams) to introduce shear waves or longitudinal waves into a test piece at a designated angle with respect to the surface. They are popular in weld inspection. - Delay Line Transducers: These incorporate a short plastic waveguide or delay line between the active element and the test piece. They are used to improve near surface resolution. They are suitable for high temperature testing, where the delay line protects the active element from thermal damage. - Immersion Transducers: These are designed to couple sound energy into the test piece through a water column or water bath. They are used in automated scanning applications and also in situations where a sharply focused beam is needed for improved flaw resolution. - Dual Element Transducers: These utilize separate transmitter and receiver elements in a single assembly. They are often used in applications involving rough surfaces, coarse grained materials, detection of pitting or porosity. Ultrasonic flaw detectors generate and display an ultrasonic waveform interpreted with the aid of analysis software, to locate flaws in materials and finished products. Modern devices include an ultrasonic pulse emitter & receiver, hardware and software for signal capture and analysis, a waveform display, and a data logging module. Digital signal processing is used for stability and precision. The pulse emitter & receiver section provides an excitation pulse to drive the transducer, and amplification and filtering for the returning echoes. Pulse amplitude, shape, and damping can be controlled to optimize transducer performance, and receiver gain and bandwidth can be adjusted to optimize signal-to-noise ratios. Advanced version flaw detectors capture a waveform digitally and then perform various measurement and analysis on it. A clock or timer is used to synchronize transducer pulses and provide distance calibration. Signal processing generates a waveform display that shows signal amplitude versus time on a calibrated scale, digital processing algorithms incorporate distance & amplitude correction and trigonometric calculations for angled sound paths. Alarm gates monitor signal levels at selected points in the wave train and flag echoes from flaws. Screens with multicolor displays are calibrated in units of depth or distance. Internal data loggers record full waveform and setup information associated with each test, information like echo amplitude, depth or distance readings, presence or absence of alarm conditions. Ultrasonic flaw detection is basically a comparative technique. Using appropriate reference standards along with a knowledge of sound wave propagation and generally accepted test procedures, a trained operator identifies specific echo patterns corresponding to the echo response from good parts and from representative flaws. The echo pattern from a tested material or product may then be compared to the patterns from these calibration standards to determine its condition. An echo that precedes the backwall echo implies the presence of a laminar crack or void. Analysis of the reflected echo reveals the depth, size, and shape of the structure. In some cases testing is performed in a through transmission mode. In such a case the sound energy travels between two transducers placed on opposite sides of the test piece. If a large flaw is present in the sound path, the beam will be blocked and the sound will not reach the receiver. Cracks and flaws perpendicular to the surface of a test piece, or tilted with respect to that surface, are usually invisible with straight beam test techniques because of their orientation with respect to the sound beam. In such cases which are common in welded structures, angle beam techniques are used, employing either common angle beam transducer assemblies or immersion transducers aligned so as to direct sound energy into the test piece at a selected angle. As the angle of an incident longitudinal wave with respect to a surface increases, an increasing portion of the sound energy is converted to a shear wave in the second material. If the angle is high enough, all of the energy in the second material will be in the form of shear waves. The energy transfer is more efficient at the incident angles that generate shear waves in steel and similar materials. In addition, the minimum flaw size resolution is improved through the use of shear waves, since at a given frequency, the wavelength of a shear wave is approximately 60% the wavelength of a comparable longitudinal wave. The angled sound beam is highly sensitive to cracks perpendicular to the far surface of the test piece and, after bouncing off the far side it is highly sensitive to cracks perpendicular to the coupling surface. Our ultrasonic flaw detectors from SADT / SINOAGE are: Ultrasonic Flaw Detector SADT SUD10 and SUD20 : SUD10 is a portable, microprocessor-based instrument used widely in manufacturing plants and in the field. SADT SUD10, is a smart digital device with new EL display technology. SUD10 offers almost all functions of a professional nondestructive test instrument. The SADT SUD20 model has the same functions as SUD10, but is smaller and lighter. Here are some features of these devices: -High-speed capture and very low noise -DAC, AVG, B Scan -Solid metal housing (IP65) -Automated video of test process and play -High contrast viewing of the waveform at bright, direct sunlight as well as complete darkness. Easy reading from all angles. -Powerful PC software & data can be exported to Excel -Automated calibration of transducer Zero, Offset and/or Velocity -Automated gain, peak hold and peak memory functions -Automated display of precise flaw location (Depth d, level p, distance s, amplitude, sz dB, Ø) -Automated switch for three gauges (Depth d, level p, distance s) -Ten independent setup functions, any criteria can be input freely, can work in the field without test block -Big memory of 300 A graph and 30000 thickness values -A&B Scan -RS232/USB port, communication with PC is easy -The embedded software can be updated online -Li battery, continuous working time of up to 8 hours -Display freezing function -Automatic echo degree -Angles and K-value -Lock and unlock function of system parameters -Dormancy and screen savers -Electronic clock calendar -Two gates setting and alarm indication For details download our SADT / SINOAGE brochure from the link above. Some of our ultrasonic detectors from MITECH are: MFD620C Portable Ultrasonic Flaw Detector with hi-resolution color TFT LCD display. The background color and the wave color can be selectable according to the environment. LCD brightness can be manually set. Continue working for over 8 hours with high performance lithium-ion battery module (with large capacity lithium-ion battery option), easy to be dismantled and the battery module can be charged independently outside the device. It is light and portable, easily to be taken by one hand; easy operation; superior reliability guarantees long lifetime. Range: 0~6000mm (at steel velocity); range selectable in fixed steps or continuously variable. Pulser: Spike excitation with low, middle and high choices of the pulse energy. Pulse Repetition Rate: manually adjustable from 10 to 1000 Hz. Pulse width: Adjustable in a certain range to match different probes. Damping: 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 selectable to meet different resolution and sensitivity needs. Probe working mode: Single element, dual element and through transmission; Receiver: Real-time sampling at 160MHz high speed, enough to record the defect information. Rectification: Positive half wave, negative half wave, full wave, and RF : DB Step: 0dB, 0.1 dB, 2dB, 6dB step value as well as auto-gain mode Alarm: Alarm with sound and light Memory: Total 1000 configuration channels, all instrument operating parameters plus DAC/AVG curve can be stored; stored configuration data can be easily previewed and recalled for quick, repeatable instrument setup. Total 1000 datasets store all instrument operating parameters plus A-scan. All the configuration channels and datasets can be transferred to PC via USB port. Functions: Peak Hold: Automatically searches the peak wave inside the gate and holds it on the display. Equivalent diameter calculation: find out the peak echo and calculate its equivalent diameter. Continuous Record: Record the display continuously and save it to the memory inside the instrument. Defect Localization: Localize the defect position, including the distance, the depth and its plane projection distance. Defect Sizing: Calculate the defect size Defect Evaluation: Evaluate the defect by echo envelope. DAC: Distance Amplitude Correction AVG: Distance Gain Size curve function Crack measure: Measure and calculate the crack depth B-Scan: Display the cross-section of the test block. Real-Time Clock: Real time clock for tracking the time. Communication: USB2.0 high-speed communication port For details and other similar equipment, please visit our equipment website: http://www.sourceindustrialsupply.com CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service RÛPERA BERÊ

Industrial Chemicals, Industrial Consumables, Aerosols, Sprays, Industrial Chemical Agents Kîmyewî û Vexwarinên Pîşesaziyê There are many specialty chemicals that are use in the industry. Contact us if you would like to know how we can help you formulating and producing a specialty chemical product. We also offer some off-the-shelf chemical products that are used in various industrial applications such as the automotive and motor vehicle industries, electronic industry, optical industry, medical facilities, clean rooms, pharmaceutical plants.....etc. Please note that we engineer, design and manufacture products to your needs and specifications. We can either manufacture products according to your specifications or, If desired, we can help you in choosing the right materials and designing the product. You can click on the blue highlighted text below and download the industrial chemicals and consumables product brochures: - Filters & Filtration Products & Membranes - Private Label Aerosols and Sprays We can label these products with your name and logo if you wish - Private Label Cleanroom Consumables and Apparel We can label these products with your name and logo if you wish - Private Label Epoxy Solutions for Construction, Electrical, Industrial Assembly (We can put your name, label, logo on these epoxies if you wish) - Private Label Nano Surface Protection Car Care Products We can label these products with your name and logo if you wish - Private Label Nano Surface Protection Industrial Products We can label these products with your name and logo if you wish - Private Label Nano Surface Protection Marine Products We can label these products with your name and logo if you wish - Private Label Nano Surface Protection Products We can label these products with your name and logo if you wish - Private Label Tapes for Every Application We can label these products with your name and logo if you wish RÛPERA BERÊ

Metal Stamping & Sheet Metal Fabrication, Zinc Plated Metal Stamped Parts, Wire and Spring Forming Metal Stamping & Sheet Metal Fabrication Parçeyên morkirî yên zinc lêkirî Stampings Precision û avakirina wire Zencîreyên metal ên rast ên xwerû yên zinc lêkirî Parçeyên pêçandî yên rast AGS-TECH Inc Çêkirina Sheet Metal ji hêla AGS-TECH Inc. Prototîpkirina Rapid a Sheet Metal ji hêla AGS-TECH Inc. Stampkirina şûşeyan di volta bilind de Pêşveçûn û çêkirina xaniyek parzûna rûnê rûnê pelê Çêkirina hêmanên metalê yên ji bo parzûna rûnê û komkirina bêkêmasî Çêkirin û komkirina xwerû ya hilberên pelê metal Çêkirina Head Gasket ji hêla AGS-TECH Inc. Çêkirina Gasket Set li AGS-TECH Inc. Çêkirina kaxezên pelê metal - AGS-TECH Inc Stampên Yekane û Pêşverû yên Hêsan ji AGS-TECH Inc. Stampings ji Metal û Metal Alloys - AGS-TECH Inc Parçeyên metalê yên pelê berî xebata qedandinê Çêkirina Sheet Metal - Pêveka Elektrîkê - AGS-TECH Inc Ji bo Pîşesaziya Xwarinê Pêlên Birîn ên Bi Tîtanyûmê Çêkirin Çêkirina Pîşeyên Skiving ji bo Pîşesaziya Pakêkirina Xwarinê RÛPERA BERÊ

Passive Optical Components - Splitter - Combiner - DWDM - Optical Switch - MUX / DEMUX - Circulator - Waveguide - EDFA Hilberîn & Civîna Pêkhateyên Optîk ên Pasîf We supply PASSIVE OPTICAL COMPONENTS ASSEMBLY, including: • FIBER OPTICAL COMMUNICATION DEVICES: Fiberoptic taps, splitters-combiners, fixed and variable optical attenuators, optical switch, DWDM, MUX/DEMUX, EDFA, Raman amplifiers and other amplifiers, circulators, gain flatteners, custom fiber optic assemblies for telecommunication systems, optical waveguide devices, splicing enclosure, CATV products. • INDUSTRIAL FIBER OPTICAL ASSEMBLY: Fiber optic assemblies for industrial applications (illumination, light delivery or inspection of pipe interiors, fiberscopes, endoscopes....). • FREE SPACE PASSIVE OPTICAL COMPONENTS and ASSEMBLY: These are optical components made from special grade glasses and crystals with superior transmission and reflection and other outstanding characteristics. Lenses, prisms, beamsplitters, waveplates, polarizers, mirrors, filters......etc. are among this category. You can download our off-shelf passive free space optical components and assemblies from our catalog below or ask us for custom designing and manufacturing them specially for your application. Among the passive optical assemblies our engineers have developed are: - A test and cutting station for polarized attenuators. - Video endoscopes and fiberscopes for medical applications. We use special bonding and attachment techniques and materials for rigid, reliable and long life assemblies. Even under extensive environmental cycling tests such as high temperature/low temperature; high humidity/low humidity our assemblies remain intact and keep working. Passive optical components and assemblies have become commodities in recent years. There really is no need to pay big amounts for these components. Contact us to take advantage of our competitive prices for the highest quality available. All our passive optical components and assemblies are manufactured in ISO9001 and TS16949 certified plants and conform to relevant international standards such as Telcordia for communication optics and UL, CE for industrial optical assemblies. Passive Fiber Optic Components and Assembly Brochure Passive Free Space Optical Components and Assembly Brochure CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service RÛPERA BERÊ

AGS-TECH Inc. supplies off-the-shelf as well as custom manufactured brushes. Many types are offered including industrial brush, agricultural brushes, municipal brushes, copper wire brush, zig zag brush, roller brush, side brushes, metal polishing brush, window cleaning brushes, heavy industrial scrubbing brush...etc. Brushes & Brush Manufacturing AGS-TECH has experts in the consultancy, design and manufacturing of brushes for cleaning and processing equipment manufacturers. We work with you to offer innovative custom brush design solutions. Brush prototypes are developed before volume production runs. We help you to design, develop and manufacture high quality brushes for optimal machine performance. Products can be produced almost at any dimensional specifications you prefer or is suitable for your application. Also the brush bristles can be of various lengths and materials. Both natural and synthetic bristles and materials are being used in our brushes depending on the application. Sometimes we are able to offer you an off-the-shelf brush that will fit your application and needs. Just let us know your needs and we are here to help you. Some of the types of brushes we are able to supply you are: Industrial Brushes Agricultural Brushes Vegetable Brushes Municipal Brushes Copper Wire Brush Zig Zag Brushes Roller Brush Side Brushes Roller Brushes Disk Brushes Circular Brushes Ring Brushes and Spacers Cleaning Brushes Conveyor Cleaning Brush Polishing Brushes Metal Polishing Brush Window Cleaning Brushes Glass Manufacturing Brushes Trommel Screen Brushes Strip Brushes Industrial Cylinder Brushes Brushes with Varying Bristle Lengths Variable & Adjustable Bristle Length Brushes Synthetic Fibers Brush Natural Fibers Brush Lath Brush Heavy Industrial Scrubbing Brushes Specialist Commercial Brushes If you do have detailed blueprints of brushes you need manufactured, that is perfect. Just send them to us for evaluation. If you do not have blueprints, no problem. A sample, a photo or a hand sketch of the brush may be sufficient initially for most projects. We will send you special templates to fill in your requirements and details so we can evaluate, design and manufacture your product correctly. In our templates we have questions on details such as: Brush face length Tube length Tube inside and outside diameters Disk inside and outside diameters Disk thickness Brush diameter Brush height Tuft diameter Density Material and color of bristles Bristle diameter Brush pattern & fill pattern (double row helical, double row chevron, full fill,….etc.) Brush drive of choice Applications for the brushes (food, pharmaceuticals, polishing of metals, industrial cleaning…etc.) With your brushes we can supply you accessories such as pad holders, hooked pads, necessary attachments, disk drives, drive coupling…etc. If you are unfamiliar with these brush specs, again no problem. We will guide you throughout the design process. RÛPERA BERÊ

Mechanical Testing Instruments - Tension Tester - Torsion Test Machine - Bending Tester - Impact Test Device - Concrete Tester - Compression Testing Machine - H Amûrên Testê Mekanîkî Among the large number of MECHANICAL TEST INSTRUMENTS we focus our attention to the most essential and popular ones: IMPACT TESTERS, CONCRETE TESTERS / SCHMIDT HAMMER, TENSION TESTERS, COMPRESSION TESTING MACHINES, TORSION TEST EQUIPMENT, FATIGUE TEST MACHINE, THREE & FOUR POINT BENDING TESTERS, COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION TESTERS, HARDNESS & THICKNESS TESTERS, SURFACE ROUGHNESS TESTERS, VIBRATION METERS, TACHOMETERS, PRECISION ANALYTICAL BALANCE. We offer our customers quality brands such as ELCOMETER, SADT, SINOAGE for under list prices. Please choose from the downloadable catalogs below the brand name and model number of the equipment you need and tell us whether you want a brand new or refurbished / used equipment: AMETEK-LLOYD Instruments Materials Testing (Versatile Materials Testing Equipment, Universal Test Machines, Tensile Strength, Compressibility, Hardness, Elasticity, Peeling, Adhesion...etc.) ELCOMETER Inspection Equipment Catalog ( Physical Test Equipment , Concrete Inspection Equipment, Concrete Test Hammers, Fineness Of Grind/Dispersion , Density & Specific Gravity , Viscosity & Flow Measurement , Film Application & Test Charts , Drying Time & Permeability , Washability & Abrasion , Hardness & Scratch Resistance , Elasticity, Bend & Impact Testers , Flash Point ) HAIDA Adhesive Tape Peel Test Machine HAIDA Computerized Universal Test Machine with Extensometer HAIDA Computerized Universal Test Machine with Large Capacity (Double Column) HAIDA Computer Servo Tensile Test Machine HAIDA Desktop Tensile Test Machine HAIDA Double-Column Universal Testing Machine HAIDA Electro-Hydraulic Universal Testing Machine HAIDA Extra - Height Tensile Test Machine HAIDA Tensile Test Machines HAIDA Universal Testing Machine HAIDA Universal Test Machine HAIDA Universal Test Machine with Temperature Chamber INSTRON Compression and Tension Test Instruments SADT-SINOAGE Brand Metrology and Test Equipment, please CLICK HERE. Here you will find some of these testing equipment such as concrete testers and surface roughness tester. Let us examine these test devices in some detail: SCHMIDT HAMMER / CONCRETE TESTER : This test instrument, also sometimes called a SWISS HAMMER or a REBOUND HAMMER, is a device to measure the elastic properties or strength of concrete or rock, mainly surface hardness and penetration resistance. The hammer measures the rebound of a spring-loaded mass impacting against the surface of the sample. The test hammer will hit the concrete with a predetermined energy. The hammer’s rebound depends on the hardness of the concrete and is measured by the test equipment. Taking a conversion chart as a reference, the rebound value can be used to determine the compressive strength. The Schmidt hammer is an arbitrary scale ranging from 10 to 100. Schmidt hammers come with several different energy ranges. Their energy ranges are: (i) Type L-0.735 Nm impact energy, (ii) Type N-2.207 Nm impact energy; and (iii) Type M-29.43 Nm impact energy. Local variation in the sample. To minimize local variation in the samples it is recommended to take a selection of readings and take their average value. Prior to testing, the Schmidt hammer needs to be calibrated using a calibration test anvil supplied by the manufacturer. 12 readings should be taken, dropping the highest and lowest, and then taking the average of the ten remaining readings. This method is considered an indirect measurement of the strength of the material. It provides an indication based on surface properties for comparison between samples. This test method for testing concrete is governed by ASTM C805. On the other hand, the ASTM D5873 standard describes the procedure for testing of rock. Inside of our SADT brand catalog you will find the following products: DIGITAL CONCRETE TEST HAMMER SADT Models HT-225D/HT-75D/HT-20D - The SADT Model HT-225D is an integrated digital concrete test hammer combining data processor and test hammer into a single unit. It is widely used for non destructive quality testing of concrete and building materials. From its rebound value, the compressive strength of concrete can be calculated out automatically. All test data can be stored in memory and transferred to PC by USB cable or wirelessly by Bluetooth. The models HT-225D and HT-75D have measuring range of 10 – 70N/mm2, whereas the model HT-20D has only 1 – 25N/mm2. The impact energy of HT-225D is 0.225 Kgm and is suitable for testing ordinary building and bridge construction, the impact energy of HT-75D is 0.075 Kgm and is suitable for testing small and impact-sensitive parts of concrete and artificial brick, and finally the impact energy of HT-20D is 0.020Kgm and suitable for testing mortar or clay products. IMPACT TESTERS: In many manufacturing operations and during their service lives, many components need to be subjected to impact loading. In the impact test, the notched specimen is placed in an impact tester and broken with a swinging pendulum. There are two major types of this test: The CHARPY TEST and the IZOD TEST. For the Charpy test the specimen are supported at both ends, whereas for the Izod test they are supported only at one end like a cantilever beam. From the amount of swing of the pendulum, the energy dissipated in breaking the specimen is obtained, this energy is the impact toughness of the material. Using the impact tests, we can determine the ductile-brittle transition temperatures of materials. Materials with high impact resistance generally have high strength and ductility. These tests also reveal the sensitivity of a material’s impact toughness to surface defects, because the notch in the specimen can be considered a surface defect. TENSION TESTER : The strength-deformation characteristics of materials are determined using this test. Test specimen are prepared according to ASTM standards. Typically, solid and round specimens are tested, but flat sheets and tubular samples may also be tested using tension test. The original length of a specimen is the distance between gage marks on it and is typically 50 mm long. It is denoted as lo. Longer or shorter lengths can be used depending on the specimens and products. The original cross-sectional area is denoted as Ao. The engineering stress or also called nominal stress is then given as: Sigma = P / Ao And the engineering strain is given as: e = (l – lo) / lo In the linear elastic region, the specimen elongates proportionately to the load up to the proportional limit. Beyond this limit, even though not linearly, the specimen will continue to deform elastically up to the yield point Y. In this elastic region, the material will return to its original length if we remove the load. Hooke’s Law applies in this region and gives us the Young’s Modulus: E = Sigma / e If we increase the load and move beyond the yield point Y, the material begins to yield. In other words, the specimen begins to undergo plastic deformation. Plastic deformation means permanent deformation. The cross-sectional area of the specimen decreases permanently and uniformly. If specimen is unloaded at this point, the curve follows a straight line downward and parallel to the original line in the elastic region. If the load is further increased, the curve reaches a maximum and begins to decrease. The maximum stress point is called the tensile strength or ultimate tensile strength and is denoted as UTS. The UTS can be interpreted as the overall strength of materials. When load is greater than the UTS, necking occurs on the specimen and the elongation between gage marks is no longer uniform. In other words, the specimen becomes really thin at the location where necking occurs. During necking, the elastic stress drops. If the test is continued, the engineering stress drops further and the specimen fractures at the necking region. The stress level at fracture is the fracture stress. The strain at point of fracture is an indicator of ductility. The strain up to the UTS is referred to as uniform strain, and the elongation at fracture is referred to as total elongation. Elongation = ((lf – lo) / lo) x 100 Reduction of Area = ((Ao – Af) / Ao) x 100 Elongation and reduction of area are good indicators of ductility. COMPRESSION TESTING MACHINE ( COMPRESSION TESTER ) : In this test, the specimen is subjected to a compressive load contrary to the tensile test where the load is tensile. Generally, a solid cylindrical specimen is placed between two flat plates and compressed. Using lubricants at the contact surfaces, a phenomenon known as barreling is prevented. Engineering strain rate in compression is given by: de / dt = - v / ho, where v is die speed, ho original specimen height. True strain rate on the other hand is: de = dt = - v/ h, with h being the instantaneous specimen height. To keep the true strain rate constant during the test, a cam plastometer thru a cam action reduces the magnitude of v proportionally as the specimen height h decreases during the test. Using the compression test ductilities of materials are determined by observing cracks formed on barreled cylindrical surfaces. Another test with some differences in the die and workpiece geometries is the PLANE-STRAIN COMPRESSION TEST, which gives us the yield stress of the material in plane strain denoted widely as Y’. Yield stress of materials in plane strain can be estimated as: Y’ = 1.15 Y TORSION TEST MACHINES (TORSIONAL TESTERS) : The TORSION TEST is another widely used method for determining material properties. A tubular specimen with a reduced mid-section is used in this test. Shear stress, T is given by: T = T / 2 (Pi) (square of r) t Here, T is the applied torque, r is the mean radius and t is the thickness of the reduced section in the middle of the tube. Shear strain on the other hand is given by: ß = r Ø / l Here l is the length of the reduced section and Ø is the twist angle in radians. Within the elastic range, the shear modulus (modulus of rigidity) is expressed as: G = T / ß The relation between shear modulus and the modulus of elasticity is: G = E / 2( 1 + V ) The torsion test is applied to solid round bars at elevated temperatures to estimate the forgeability of metals. The more twists the material can withstand prior to failure, the more forgeable it is. THREE & FOUR POINT BENDING TESTERS : For brittle materials, the BEND TEST (also called FLEXURE TEST) is suitable. A rectangularly shaped specimen is supported at both ends and a load is applied vertically. The vertical force is applied at either one point as in the case of three point bending tester, or at two points as in the case of a four point test machine. The stress at fracture in bending is referred to as the modulus of rupture or transverse rupture strength. It is given as: Sigma = M c / I Here, M is the bending moment, c is one-half of the specimen depth and I is the moment of inertia of the cross-section. The magnitude of stress is the same in both three and four-point bending when all other parameters are kept constant. The four-point test is likely to result in a lower modulus of rupture as compared to the three-point test. Another superiority of the four-point bending test over the three point bending test is that its results are more consistent with less statistical scattering of values. FATIGUE TEST MACHINE: In FATIGUE TESTING, a specimen is subjected repeatedly to various states of stress. The stresses are generally a combination of tension, compression and torsion. The test process can be resembled to bending a piece of wire alternately in one direction, then the other until it fractures. The stress amplitude can be varied and is denoted as “S”. The number of cycles to cause total failure of the specimen is recorded and is denoted as “N”. Stress amplitude is the maximum stress value in tension and compression to which the specimen is subjected. One variation of the fatigue test is performed on a rotating shaft with a constant downward load. The endurance limit (fatigue limit) is defined as the max. stress value the material can withstand without fatigue failure regardless of the number of cycles. Fatigue strength of metals is related to their ultimate tensile strength UTS. COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION TESTER : This test equipment measures the ease with which two surfaces in contact are able to slide past one another. There are two different values associated with the coefficient of friction, namely the static and kinetic coefficient of friction. Static friction applies to the force necessary to initialize motion between the two surfaces and kinetic friction is the resistance to sliding once the surfaces are in relative motion. Appropriate measures need to be taken prior to testing and during testing to ensure freedom from dirt, grease and other contaminants that could adversely affect test results. ASTM D1894 is the main coefficient of friction test standard and is used by many industries with different applications and products. We are here to offer you the most suitable test equipment. If you need a custom set-up specifically designed for your application, we can modify existing equipment accordingly in order to meet your requirements and needs. HARDNESS TESTERS : Please go to our related page by clicking here THICKNESS TESTERS : Please go to our related page by clicking here SURFACE ROUGHNESS TESTERS : Please go to our related page by clicking here VIBRATION METERS : Please go to our related page by clicking here TACHOMETERS : Please go to our related page by clicking here For details and other similar equipment, please visit our equipment website: http://www.sourceindustrialsupply.com CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service RÛPERA BERÊ

Industrial leather products including honing and sharpening belts, leather transmission belts, sewing machine leather treadle belt, leather tool organizers and holders, leather gun holsters, leather steering wheel covers and more. Berhemên Çermê Pîşesazî Industrial leather products manufactured include: - Leather Honing and Sharpening Belts - Leather Transmission Belts - Sewing Machine Leather Treadle Belt - Leather Tool Organizers & Holders - Leather Gun Holsters Leather is a natural product with outstanding properties that make it a good fit for many applications. Industrial leather belts are used in power transmissions, as sewing machine leather treadle belts as well as fastening, securing, honing and sharpening of metal blades among many others. Besides our off-shelf industrial leather belts listed in our brochures, endless belts and special lengths / widths can also be produced for you. Applications of industrial leather includes Flat Leather Belting for power transmission and Round Leather Belting for Industrial Sewing Machines. Industrial leather is one of the oldest types of manufactured products. Our Vegetable Tanned Industrial leathers are pit tanned for many months and heavily dressed with a mixture of oils and greased to give its ultimate strength. Our Chrome Industrial Leathers can be manufactured in various ways, waxed, oiled or dry for moulding. We offer a chrome-retanned leather manufactured to withstand very high temperatures and they can be used for hydraulic applications and packings. Our Chrome Friction leathers are designed to have extraordinary abrasion properties. Various Shore Hardnesses are available. Many other applications of industrial leather products exist, including wearable tool organizers, tool holders, leather threads, steering wheel covers...etc. We are here to help you in your projects. A blueprint, a sketch, a photo or sample can serve to make us understand your product needs. We can either manufacture the industrial leather product according to your design, or we can help you in your design work and once you approve the final design, we can manufacture the product for you. Since we supply a wide variety of industrial leather products with different dimensions, applications and material grade; it is impossible to list them all here. We encourage you to email or call us so we can determine which product is the best fit for you. When contacting us, please make sure to inform us about: - Your application for the industrial leather products - Material grade desired & needed - Dimensions - Finish - Packaging requirements - Labeling requirements - Quantity RÛPERA BERÊ

Waterjet Machining - WJ Cutting - Abrasive Water Jet - Hydrodynamic Machining - WJM - AWJM - AJM - AGS-TECH Inc. - USA Makînekirina Waterjet & Abrasive Waterjet & Abrasive-Jet Machining and Cutting The principle of operation of WATER-JET, ABRASIVE WATER-JET and ABRASIVE-JET MACHINING & CUTTING is based on momentum change of the fast flowing stream that hits the workpiece. During this momentum change, a strong force acts and cuts the workpiece. These WATERJET CUTTING & MACHINING (WJM) techniques are based on water and highly refined abrasives, propelled at three times the speed of sound, to make incredibly accurate and precise cuts in virtually any material. For some materials like leather and plastics, an abrasive may be omitted and cutting can be done only with water. Waterjet machining can do things that other techniques cannot, from cutting intricate, very thin details in stone, glass and metals; to rapid hole drilling of titanium. Our waterjet cutting machines can handle large flat stock material with many feet of dimensions with no limit to the type of material. To make cuts and manufacture parts, we can scan images from files into the computer or a Computer Aided Drawing (CAD) of your project can be prepared by our engineers. We need to determine the type of material being cut, its thickness, and the desired cut quality. Intricate designs present no problem as the nozzle simply follows the rendered image pattern. Designs are limited only by your imagination. Contact us today with your project and let us give you our suggestions and quote. Let us examine these three types of processes in detail. WATER-JET MACHINING (WJM): The process may equally be called HYDRODYNAMIC MACHINING. The highly localized forces from the water-jet are used for cutting and deburring operations. In simpler words, the water jet acts like a saw that cuts a narrow and smooth groove in the material. Pressures levels in waterjet-machining are around 400 MPa which is pretty sufficient for efficient operation. If needed, pressures that are a few times this value can be generated. The diameters of jet nozzles are in the neighborhood of 0.05 to 1mm. We cut a variety of nonmetallic materials such as fabrics, plastics, rubber, leather, insulating materials, paper, composite materials using the waterjet cutters. Even complicated shapes such as automotive dashboard coverings made of vinyl and foam can be cut using multiple-axis, CNC controlled waterjet machining equipment. Waterjet machining is an efficient and clean process when compared to other cutting processes. Some of the major advantages of this technique are: -Cuts can be started at any location on the work piece without the need to predrill holes. -No significant heat is produced -The waterjet machining and cutting process is well suited for flexible materials because no deflection and bending of the workpiece takes place. -The burrs produced are minimal -Water-jet cutting and machining is an environmentally friendly and safe process that uses water. ABRASIVE WATER-JET MACHINING (AWJM): In this process, abrasive particles such as silicon carbide or aluminum oxide are contained in the water jet. This increases the material removal rate over that of purely water-jet machining. Metallic, nonmetallic, composite materials and others can be cut using AWJM. The technique is particularly useful for us in cutting heat-sensitive materials that we cannot cut using other techniques that produce heat. We can produce minimum holes of 3mm size and maximum depths of about 25 mm. Cutting speed can reach as high as several meters per minute depending on material being machined. For metals the cutting speed in AWJM is less as compared to plastics. Using our multiple-axis robotic control machines we can machine complex three-dimensional parts to finish dimensions without the need for a second process. To keep nozzle dimensions and diameter constant we use sapphire nozzles which is important in keeping accuracy and repeatability of the cutting operations. ABRASIVE-JET MACHINING (AJM) : In this process a high-velocity jet of dry air, nitrogen or carbondioxide containing abrasive particles hits and cuts the workpiece under controlled conditions. Abrasive-Jet Machining is used for cutting small holes, slots and intricate patterns in very hard and brittle metallic and nonmetallic materials, deburring and removing flash from parts, trimming and beveling, removing surface films such as oxides, cleaning of components with irregular surfaces. The gas pressures are around 850 kPa, and the abrasive-jet velocities around 300 m/s. Abrasive particles have diameters around 10 to 50 microns. The high speed abrasive particles round off sharp corners and holes made tend to be tapered. Therefore designers of parts that will be machined by abrasive-jet should take these into consideration and make sure the produced parts do not require such sharp corners and holes. The water-jet, abrasive water-jet and abrasive-jet machining processes can be used effectively for cutting and deburring operations. These techniques have an inherent flexibility thanks to the fact that they do not use hard tooling. CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service RÛPERA BERÊ

Embedded Systems - Embedded Computer - Industrial Computers - Janz Tec - Korenix - AGS-TECH Inc. - New Mexico - USA Pergal û Komputerên Bicîbûyî An EMBEDDED SYSTEM is a computer system designed for specific control functions within a larger system, often with real-time computing constraints. It is embedded as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts. By contrast, a general-purpose computer, such as a personal computer (PC), is designed to be flexible and to meet a wide range of end-user needs. The architecture of the embedded system is oriented on a standard PC, whereby the EMBEDDED PC only consists of the components which it really needs for the relevant application. Embedded systems control many devices in common use today. Among the EMBEDDED COMPUTERS we offer you are ATOP TECHNOLOGIES, JANZ TEC, KORENIX TECHNOLOGY, DFI-ITOX and other models of products. Our embedded computers are robust and reliable systems for industrial use where downtime can be disastrous. They are energy efficient, very flexible in use, modularly constructed, compact, powerful like a complete computer, fanless and noise-free. Our embedded computers have outstanding temperature, tightness, shock and vibration resistance in harsh environments and are widely used in machine and factory construction, power and energy plants, traffic and transportation industries, medical, biomedical, bioinstrumentation, automotive industry, military, mining, navy, marine, aerospace and more. Click on blue highlighted text to download brochures and catalogs: - ATOP TECHNOLOGIES compact product brochure - ATOP Technologies Product List 2021) - DFI-ITOX model embedded systems brochure - DFI-ITOX model embedded single board computers brochure - DFI-ITOX model computer-on-board modules brochure - ICP DAS model PACs Embedded Controllers & DAQ brochure - JANZ TEC model compact product brochure - KORENIX model compact product brochure - Private Label Flash Storage for Embedded Industrial Applications (We can put your name, brand, logo on these........) To go to our industrial computer store, please CLICK HERE. Here are a few of the most popular embedded computers we offer: - Embedded PC with Intel ATOM Technology Z510/530 - Fanless Embedded PC - Embedded PC System with Freescale i.MX515 - Rugged-Embedded-PC-Systems - Modular Embedded PC Systems - HMI Systems and Fanless Industrial Display Solutions Please always remember that AGS-TECH Inc. is an established ENGINEERING INTEGRATOR and CUSTOM MANUFACTURER. Therefore, in case you need something custom manufactured, please let us know and we will offer you a turn-key solution that takes away the puzzle from your table and makes your job easier. Dowload brochure for our DESIGN PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM Let us briefly introduce you our partners building these embedded computers: JANZ TEC AG: Janz Tec AG, has been a leading manufacturer of electronic assemblies and complete industrial computer systems since 1982. The company develops embedded computing products, industrial computers and industrial communication devices according to customer requirements. All JANZ TEC products are exclusively produced in Germany with the highest quality. With over 30 years of experience in the market, Janz Tec AG is capable of meeting individual customer requirements – this starts from concept phase and continues through the development and production of the components up to delivery. Janz Tec AG is setting the standards in the fields of Embedded Computing, Industrial PC, Industrial communication, Custom Design. Janz Tec AG's employees conceive, develop and produce embedded computer components and systems based on worldwide standards that are individually adapted to the specific customer requirements. Janz Tec embedded computers have the additional benefits of long-term availability and the highest-possible quality along with optimum price to performance ratio. Janz Tec embedded computers are always used when extremely robust and reliable systems are necessary due to the requirements made on them. The modularly-constructed and compact Janz Tec industrial computers are low-maintenance, energy-efficient and extremely flexible. The computer architecture of the Janz Tec embedded systems are oriented on a standard PC, whereby the embedded PC only consists of the components which it really needs for the relevant application. This facilitates completely independent usage in environments in which service would otherwise be extremely cost-intensive. Despite being an embedded computers, many Janz Tec products are so powerful that they can replace a complete computer. Benefits of the Janz Tec brand embedded computers are operation without fan and low maintenance. Janz Tec embedded computers are used in machine and plant construction, power & energy production, transportation & traffic, medical technology, automotive industry, production and manufacturing engineering and many other industrial applications. The processors, which are becoming more and more powerful, enable use of a Janz Tec embedded PC even when particularly complex requirements from these industries are confronted. One advantage of this is the hardware environment familiar to many developers and the availability of appropriate software development environments. Janz Tec AG has been acquiring the necessary experience in the development of its own embedded computer systems, which can be adapted to customer requirements whenever required. The focus of Janz Tec designers in the embedded computing sector is on the optimum solution appropriate to the application and the individual customer requirements. It has always been the goal of Janz Tec AG to provide high quality for the systems, solid design for long-term use, and exceptional price to performance ratios. The modern processors currently used in embedded computer systems are Freescale Intel Core i3/i5/i7, i.MX5x and Intel Atom, Intel Celeron and Core2Duo. In addition, Janz Tec industrial computers are not just fitted with standard interfaces like ethernet, USB and RS 232, but a CANbus interface is also available to the user as a feature. The Janz Tec embedded PC is frequently without a fan, and therefore can be used with CompactFlash media in most cases so that it is maintenance-free. CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service RÛPERA BERÊ