Search Results

Functional & Decorative Coatings, Thin Film, Thick Films, Antireflective and Reflective Mirror Coating - AGS-TECH Inc. Functional Coatings / Decorative Coatings / Thin Film / Thick Film A COATING is a covering that is applied to the surface of an object. Coatings can be in the form of THIN FILM (less than 1 micron thick) or THICK FILM (over 1 micron thick). Based on the purpose of applying the coating we can offer you DECORATIVE COATINGS and/or FUNCTIONAL COATINGS, or both. Sometimes we apply functional coatings to change the surface properties of the substrate, such as adhesion, wettability, corrosion resistance, or wear resistance. In some other cases such as in semiconductor device fabrication, we apply the functional coatings to add a completely new property such as magnetization or electrical conductivity which become an essential part of the finished product. Our most popular FUNCTIONAL COATINGS are: Adhesive Coatings: Examples are adhesive tape, iron-on fabric. Other functional adhesive coatings are applied to change the adhesion properties, such as non-stick PTFE coated cooking pans, primers that encourage subsequent coatings to adhere well. Tribological Coatings: These functional coatings relate to the principles of friction, lubrication and wear. Any product where one material slides or rubs over another is affected by complex tribological interactions. Products like hip implants and other artificial prosthesis are lubricated in certain ways whereas other products are unlubricated as in high temperature sliding components where conventional lubricants can not be used. The formation of compacted oxide layers have been proven to protect against wear of such sliding mechanical parts. Tribological functional coatings have huge benefits in industry, minimizing wear of machine elements, minimizing wear and tolerance deviations in manufacturing tools such as dies and moulds, minimizing power requirements and making machinery and equipment more energy efficient. Optical Coatings: Examples are Anti-reflective (AR) coatings, reflective coatings for mirrors, UV- absorbent coatings for protection of eyes or for increasing the life of the substrate, tinting used in some colored lighting, tinted glazing and sunglasses. Catalytic Coatings such as applied on self-cleaning glass. Light-Sensitive Coatings used to make products such as photographic films Protective Coatings: Paints can be considered protecting the products besides being decorative in purpose. Hard anti-scratch coatings on plastics and other materials are one of our most widely used functional coatings to reduce scratching, improve wear resistance, …etc. Anti-corrosion coatings such as plating are also very popular. Other protective functional coatings are put on waterproof fabric and paper, antimicrobial surface coatings on surgical tools and implants. Hydrophilic / Hydrophobic Coatings: Wetting (hydrophilic) and unwetting (hydrophobic) functional thin and thick films are important in applications where water absorption is either desired or undesired. Using advanced technology we can alter your product surfaces, to make them either easily wettable or unwettable. Typical applications are in textiles, dressings, leather boots, pharmaceutical or surgical products. Hydrophilic nature refers to a physical property of a molecule that can transiently bond with water (H2O) through hydrogen bonding. This is thermodynamically favorable, and makes these molecules soluble not only in water, but also in other polar solvents. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules are also known as polar molecules and nonpolar molecules, respectively. Magnetic Coatings: These functional coatings add magnetic properties such as is the case for magnetic floppy disks, cassettes, magnetic stripes, magnetooptic storage, inductive recording media, magnetoresist sensors, and thin-film heads on products. Magnetic thin films are sheets of magnetic material with thicknesses of a few micrometers or less, used primarily in the electronics industry. Magnetic thin films can be single-crystal, polycrystalline, amorphous, or multilayered functional coatings in the arrangement of their atoms. Both ferro- and ferrimagnetic films are used. The ferromagnetic functional coatings are usually transition-metal-based alloys. For example, permalloy is a nickel-iron alloy. The ferrimagnetic functional coatings, such as garnets or the amorphous films, contain transition metals such as iron or cobalt and rare earths and the ferrimagnetic properties are advantageous in magnetooptic applications where a low overall magnetic moment can be achieved without a significant change in the Curie temperature. Some sensor elements function on the principle of change in electrical properties, such as the electrical resistance, with a magnetic field. In semiconductor technology, the magnetoresist head used in disk storage technology functions with this principle. Very large magnetoresist signals (giant magnetoresistance) are observed in magnetic multilayers and composites containing a magnetic and nonmagnetic material. Electrical or Electronic Coatings: These functional coatings add electrical or electronic properties such as conductivity to manufacture products such as resistors, insulation properties such as in the case of magnet wire coatings used in transformers. DECORATIVE COATINGS: When we speak of decorative coatings the options are only limited by your imagination. Both thick and thin film type coatings have been successfully engineered and applied in the past to our customers products. Regardless of the difficulty in the geometric shape and material of the substrate and application conditions, we are always capable to formulate the chemistry, physical aspects such as exact Pantone code of color and application method for your desired decorative coatings. Complex patterns involving shapes or different colors are also possible. We can make your plastic polymer parts look metallic. We can color anodize extrusions with various patterns and it won’t even look anodized. We can mirror coat an oddly-shaped part. Furthermore decorative coatings can be formulated that will also act as functional coatings at the same time. Any of the below mentioned thin and thick film deposition techniques used for functional coatings can be deployed for decorative coatings. Here are some of our popular decorative coatings: - PVD Thin Film Decorative Coatings - Electroplated Decorative Coatings - CVD and PECVD Thin Film Decorative Coatings - Thermal Evaporation Decorative Coatings - Roll-to-Roll Decorative Coating - E-Beam Oxide Interference Decorative Coatings - Ion Plating - Cathodic Arc Evaporation for Decorative Coatings - PVD + Photolithography, Heavy Gold Plating on PVD - Aerosol Coatings for Glass Coloring - Anti-tarnish Coating - Decorative Copper-Nickel-Chrome Systems - Decorative Powder Coating - Decorative Painting, Custom Tailored Paint Formulations using Pigments, Fillers, Colloidal Silica Dispersant...etc. If you contact us with your requirements for decorative coatings, we can provide you our expert opinion. We have advanced tools such as color readers, color comparators….etc. to guarantee consistent quality of your coatings. THIN and THICK FILM COATING PROCESSES: Here are the most widely used of our techniques. Electro-Plating / Chemical Plating (hard chromium, chemical nickel) Electroplating is the process of plating one metal onto another by hydrolysis, for decorative purposes, corrosion prevention of a metal or other purposes. Electroplating lets us use inexpensive metals such as steel or zinc or plastics for the bulk of the product and then apply different metals on the outside in the form of a film for better appearance, protection, and for other properties desired for the product. Electroless plating, also known as chemical plating, is a non-galvanic plating method that involves several simultaneous reactions in an aqueous solution, which occur without the use of external electrical power. The reaction is accomplished when hydrogen is released by a reducing agent and oxidized, thus producing a negative charge on the surface of the part. Advantages of these thin and thick films are good corrosion resistance, low processing temperature, possibility to deposit in bore holes, slots… etc. Disadvantages are the limited selection of coating materials, relatively soft nature of the coatings, environmentally polluting treatment baths that are needed including chemicals such as cyanide, heavy metals, fluorides, oils, limited accuracy of surface replication. Diffusion Processes (Nitriding, nitrocarburization, boronizing, phosphating, etc.) In heat treatment furnaces, the diffused elements usually originate from gases reacting at high temperatures with the metal surfaces. This can be a pure thermal and chemical reaction as a consequence of the thermal dissociation of the gases. In some cases, diffused elements originate from solids. The advantages of these thermochemical coating processes are good corrosion resistance, good reproducibility. The disadvantages of these are being relatively soft coatings, limited selection of base material (which must be suitable for nitriding), long processing times, environmental and health hazards involved, requirement of post-treatment. CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) CVD is a chemical process used to produce high quality, high-performance, solid coatings. The process produces thin films too. In a typical CVD, the substrates are exposed to one or more volatile precursors, that react and/or decompose on the substrate surface to produce the desired thin film. Advantages of these thin & thick films are their high wear resistance, potential to economically produce thicker coatings, suitability for bore holes, slots ….etc. Disadvantages of CVD processes are their high processing temperatures, difficulty or impossibility of coatings with multiple metals (such as TiAlN), rounding of edges, use of environmentally hazardous chemicals. PACVD / PECVD (Plasma-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition) PACVD is also called PECVD standing for Plasma Enhanced CVD. Whereas in a PVD coating process the thin & thick film materials are evaporated from a solid form, in PECVD the coating results from a gas phase. Precursor gasses are cracked in the plasma to become available for the coating. Advantages of this thin and thick film deposition technique is that significantly lower process temperatures are possible as compared to CVD, precise coatings are deposited. Disadvantages of PACVD are that it has only limited suitability for bore holes, slots etc. PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) PVD processes are a variety of purely physical vacuum deposition methods used to deposit thin films by the condensation of a vaporized form of the desired film material onto workpiece surfaces. Sputtering and evaporative coatings are examples of PVD. Advantages are that no environmentally damaging materials and emissions are produced, a large variety of coatings can be produced, coating temperatures are below the final heat treatment temperature of most steels, precisely reproducible thin coatings, high wear resistance, low frictional coefficient. Disadvantages are bore holes, slots ...etc. can only be coated down to a depth equal to the diameter or width of the opening, corrosion resistant only under certain conditions, and for obtaining uniform film thicknesses, parts must be rotated during deposition. The adhesion of functional and decorative coatings are substrate dependent. Furthermore, the lifetime of thin and thick film coatings depends on environmental parameters such as humidity, temperature...etc. Therefore, before considering a functional or decorative coating, contact us for our opinion. We can choose the most suitable coating materials and coating technique that fits your substrates and application and deposit them under the strictest quality standards. Contact AGS-TECH Inc. for details of thin and thick film deposition capabilities. Do you need design assistance ? Do you need prototypes ? Do you need mass manufacturing ? We are here to help you. Click on blue colored text below to download product catalogs and brochures: - Private Label Nano Surface Protection Car Care Products We can label these products with your name and logo if you wish - Private Label Nano Surface Industrial Products We can label these products with your name and logo if you wish - Private Label Nano Surface Protection Marine Products We can label these products with your name and logo if you wish - Private Label Nano Surface Protection Products We can label these products with your name and logo if you wish CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

Active Optical Components - Lasers - Photodetectors - LED Dies - Photomicrosensor - Fiber Optic - AGS-TECH Inc. - USA Active Optical Components Manufacturing & Assembly The ACTIVE OPTICAL COMPONENTS we manufacture and supply are: • Lasers and photodetectors, PSD (Position Sensitive Detectors), quadcells and other optical sensors and sensor systems with electrical connections. Our active optical components span a large spectrum of wavelength regions. Whether your application is high power lasers for industrial cutting, drilling, welding...etc, or medical lasers for surgery or diagnostics, or telecommunication lasers or detectors suitable for the ITU grid, we are your one-stop source. Below are downloadable brochures for some of our off-the-shelf active optical components and devices. If you cannot find what you are searching for, please contact us and we will have something to offer you. We do also custom manufacture active optical components and assemblies according to your application and requirements. • Among the many achievements of our optical engineers is the concept design, optical and opto-mechanical design of optical scan head for GS 600 LASER DRILLING SYSTEM with dual galvo scanners and self compensating alignment. Since its introduction, the GS600 family has become the system of choice for many leading high volume manufacturers around the World. Using optical design tools such as ZEMAX and CodeV, our optical engineers are ready to design your custom systems. If you only have SOLIDWORKS files for your design, don't worry, send them and we will work out and create the optical design files, optimize & simulate and have you approve the final design. Even a hand sketch, a mockup, a prototype or sample is sufficient in most cases for us to take care of your product development needs. Click on blue highlighted text to download brochures and catalogs of some off-the-shelf-ready active optical products: Active fiber optic products Comprehensive electric & electronic components catalog for off-shelf products Hikrobot Machine Vision Products Hikrobot Smart Machine Vision Products Hikrobot Machine Vision Standard Products Hikvision Logistic Vision Solutions LED dies and chips Photomicrosensors Photosensors Photosensors and Photomicrosensors Sockets and Accessories Private Label Medical Endoscopes and Visualization Systems (We can put your company name and logo on these) Sensors & Analytical Measurement Systems for Optical OEM Applications in Liquid Analysis (We private label these with your brand name and logo if you wish. We can customize sensors to your needs and applications, OEM option available) Dowload brochure for our DESIGN PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM R e ference Code: OICASANLY CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

We supply wire and wire mesh, galvanized wires, metal wire, black annealed wire, wire mesh filters, wire cloth, perforated metal mesh, wire mesh fence and panels, conveyor belt mesh, wire mesh containers and customized wire mesh products to your specifications. Mesh & Wire We supply wire and mesh products, including galvanized iron wires, PVC coated iron binding wires, wire mesh, wire net, fencing wires, conveyor belt mesh, perforated metal mesh. Besides our off-the-shelf wire mesh products we do custom manufacture mesh and metal wire products according to your specifications and needs. We cut to desired size, label and package according to customer requirements. Please click on submenus below to read more about a specific wire & mesh product. Galvanized Wires & Metal Wires These wires are used in numerous applications throughout industry. For example galvanized iron wires are frequently used for binding and attachment purposes, as ropes of considerable tensile strength. These metal wires can be hot dip galvanized and have metallic appearance or they can be PVC coated and be colored. Barbed wires have various razor types and are used for keeping intruders outside of restricted areas. Various wire gauges are available from stock. Long wires come in coils. If quantities justify, we may be able to manufacture them at your desired lengths and coil dimensions. Custom labeling and packaging of our Galvanized Wires, Metal Wires, Barbed Wire is possible. Download brochures: - Metal Wires - Galvanized - Black Annealed Wire Mesh Filters These are mostly made of thin stainless steel wire mesh and widely used in industry as filters for filtering liquids, dusts, powders...etc. Wire mesh filters have thicknesses in the few milimeters range. AGS-TECH has achieved manufacturing wire mesh with wire diameters less than 1 mm for electromagnetic shielding of military naval illumination systems. We manufacture wire mesh filters with dimensions according to customer specifications. Square, round and oval are commonly used geometries. Wire diameters and mesh count of our filters can be chosen by you. We cut them to size and frame the edges so the filter mesh does not get distorted or damaged. Our wire mesh filters possess high strainability, long lifespan, strong and reliable edges. Some usage areas of our wire mesh filters are chemical industry, pharmaceutical industry, brewage, beverage, electromagnetic shielding, automotive industry, mechanical applications, etc. - Wire Mesh and Cloth Brochure (includes wire mesh filters) Perforated Metal Mesh Our perforated metal mesh sheets are produced from galvanized steel, low carbon steel, stainless steel, copper plates, nickel plates or as requested by you, the customer. Various hole shapes and patterns can be stamped as you wish. Our perforated metal mesh offers smoothness, perfect surface flatness, strength and durability and is suitable for many applications. By supplying perforated metal mesh we have fulfilled the needs of many industries and applications including indoor sound insulation, silencer manufacturing, mining, medicine, food processing, ventilation, agricultural storage, mechanical protection and more. Call us today. We will happily cut, stamp, bend, fabricate your perforated metal mesh according to your specifications and needs. - Wire Mesh and Cloth Brochure (includes perforated metal mesh) Wire Mesh Fence & Panels & Reinforcement Wire mesh is widely used in construction, landscaping, home improvement, gardening, road building...etc., with popular applications of wire mesh as fence and reinforcement panels in construction. See our downloadable brochures below to choose your preferred model of mesh opening, wire gauge, color and finish. All of our wire mesh fence & panels and reinforcement products are compliant with international industry standards. A variety of wire mesh fence structures are available from stock. - Wire Mesh and Cloth Brochure (includes information on our fence & panels and reinforcement) Conveyor Belt Mesh Our Conveyor Belt Mesh are generally made of reinforced mesh stainless steel wire, stainless iron wire, nichrome wire, bullet wire. Applications of conveyor belt mesh are as filter and as conveyer belt for use in chemical industry, petroleum, metallurgy, food industry, pharmaceuticals, glass industry, delivery of parts within a plant or facility..., etc. Weave Style of most conveyor belt mesh is pre-bending to spring and then insertion of wire. Wire diameters are generally: 0.8-2.5mm Wire thicknesses are generally: 5-13.2mm Common colors are generally: Silver Generally width is between 0.4m-3m and lengths are between 0.5 - 100 m Conveyor belt mesh is heat resistant Chain type, width and length of conveyor belt mesh are among the customizable parameters. - Wire Mesh and Cloth Brochure (includes general information on our capabilities) Customized Wire Mesh Products (such as Cable Trays, Stirrup....etc.) From wire mesh and perforated metal mesh we can manufacture a variety of custom products such as cable trays, stirrers, Faraday cages & EM shielding structures, wire baskets and trays, architectural objects, objects of art, steel wire mesh gloves used in the meat industry for protection against injuries...etc. Our customized wire mesh, perforated metals, and expanded metals can be cut to size and flattened for your desired application. Flattened wire mesh is commonly used as machine guards, ventilation screens, burner screens, security screens, liquid drainage screens, ceiling panels and many other applications. We can create customized perforated metals with hole shapes and sizes to meet your project and product requirements. Perforated metals are versatile in their use. We can also provide coated wire mesh. Coatings can improve durability of your customized wire mesh products and also provide a rust resistant barrier. Custom wire mesh coatings available include Powder Coating, Electro-Polishing, Hot-Dipped Galvanizing, Nylon, Painting, Aluminizing, Electro-Galvanizing, PVC, Kevlar,...etc. Whether woven from wire as customized wire mesh, or stamped & punched and flattened from sheet metal as perforated sheets, contact AGS-TECH for your customized product requirements. - Wire Mesh and Cloth Brochure (includes plenty of information on our customized wire mesh production capabilities) - Wire Mesh Cable Trays and Baskets Brochure (besides the products in this brochure you can get customized cable trays according to your specifications) - Wire Mesh Container Quote Design Form (please click to download, fill out and email us) PREVIOUS PAGE

Electric Discharge Machining - EDM - Spark Machining - Die Sinking - Wire Erosion - Custom Manufacturing - AGS-TECH Inc. EDM Machining, Electrical-Discharge Milling and Grinding ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING (EDM), also referred to as SPARK-EROSION or ELECTRODISCHARGE MACHINING, SPARK ERODING, DIE SINKING or WIRE EROSION, is a NON-CONVENTIONAL MANUFACTURING process where erosion of metals takes place and desired shape is obtained using electrical discharges in the form of sparks. We also offer some varieties of EDM, namely NO-WEAR EDM, WIRE EDM (WEDM), EDM GRINDING (EDG), DIE-SINKING EDM, ELECTRICAL-DISCHARGE MILLING, micro-EDM, m-EDM and ELECTROCHEMICAL-DISCHARGE GRINDING (ECDG). Our EDM systems consist of shaped tools/electrode and the workpiece connected to DC power supplies and inserted in a electrically nonconducting dielectric fluid. After 1940 electrical discharge machining has become one of the most important and popular production technologies in manufacturing industries. When the distance between the two electrodes is reduced, the intensity of the electric field in the volume between the electrodes becomes greater than the strength of the dielectric in some points, which breaks, eventually forming a bridge for current to flow between the two electrodes. An intense electrical arc is generated causing significant heating to melt a portion of the workpiece and some of the tooling material. As a result, material is removed from both the electrodes. At the same time, the dielectric fluid is heated rapidly, resulting in evaporation of the fluid in the arc gap. Once the current flow stops or it is stopped heat is removed from the gas bubble by the surrounding dielectric fluid and the bubble cavitates (collapses). The shock wave created by the bubble’s collapse and the flow of dielectric fluid flush debris from the workpiece surface and entrain any molten workpiece material into the dielectric fluid. The repetition rate for these discharges are between 50 to 500 kHz, voltages between 50 to 380 V and currents between 0.1 and 500 Amperes. New liquid dielectric such as mineral oils, kerosene or distilled & deionized water is usually conveyed into the inter-electrode volume carrying away the solid particles (in the form of debris) and the insulating proprieties of the dielectric is restored. After a current flow, the potential difference between the two electrodes is restored to what it was before the breakdown, so a new liquid dielectric breakdown can occur. Our modern electrical discharge machines (EDM) offer numerically controlled movements and are equipped with pumps and filtering systems for the dielectric fluids. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a machining method mainly used for hard metals or those that would be very difficult to machine with conventional techniques. EDM typically works with any materials that are electrical conductors, although methods for machining insulating ceramics with EDM have also been proposed. The melting point and latent heat of melting are properties that determine the volume of metal removed per discharge. The higher these values, the slower the material removal rate. Because the electrical discharge machining process does not involve any mechanical energy, the hardness, strength, and toughness of the workpiece do not affect the removal rate. Discharge frequency or energy per discharge, the voltage and current are varied to control material removal rates. Rate of material removal and surface roughness increase with increasing current density and decreasing spark frequency. We can cut intricate contours or cavities in pre-hardened steel using EDM without the need for heat treatment to soften and re-harden them. We can use this method with any metal or metal alloys like titanium, hastelloy, kovar, and inconel. Applications of the EDM process include shaping of polycrystalline diamond tools. EDM is considered a non-traditional or non-conventional machining method along with processes such as electrochemical machining (ECM), water jet cutting (WJ, AWJ), laser cutting. On the other hand the conventional machining methods include turning, milling, grinding, drilling and other process whose material removal mechanism is essentially based on mechanical forces. Electrodes for electrical-discharge machining (EDM) are made of graphite, brass, copper and copper-tungsten alloy. Electrode diameters down to 0.1mm are possible. Since tool wear is an undesired phenomenon adversely affecting dimensional accuracy in EDM, we take advantage of a process called NO-WEAR EDM, by reversing polarity and using copper tools to minimize tool wear. Ideally speaking, the electrical-discharge machining (EDM) can be considered a series of breakdown and restoration of the dielectric liquid between the electrodes. In reality however, the removal of the debris from the inter-electrode area is almost always partial. This causes the electrical proprieties of the dielectric in the inter-electrodes area to be different from their nominal values and vary with time. The inter-electrode distance, (spark-gap), is adjusted by the control algorithms of the specific machine used. The spark-gap in EDM can unfortunately sometimes be short-circuited by the debris. The control system of the electrode may fail to react quickly enough to prevent the two electrodes (tool and workpiece) from short circuiting. This unwanted short circuit contributes to material removal differently from the ideal case. We pay utmost importance to flushing action in order to restore the insulating properties of the dielectric so that the current always happens in the point of the inter-electrode area, thereby minimizing the possibility of unwanted change of shape (damage) of the tool-electrode and workpiece. To obtain a specific geometry, the EDM tool is guided along the desired path very close to the workpiece without touching it, We pay utmost attention to the performance of motion control in use. This way, a large number of current discharges / sparks take place, and each contributes to the removal of material from both tool and workpiece, where small craters are formed. The size of the craters is a function of the technological parameters set for the specific job at hand and dimensions may range from the nanoscale (such as in the case of micro-EDM operations) to some hundreds of micrometers in roughing conditions. These small craters on the tool cause gradual erosion of the electrode called “tool wear”. To counteract the detrimental effect of the wear on the geometry of the workpiece we continuously replace the tool-electrode during a machining operation. Sometimes we achieve this by using a continuously replaced wire as electrode ( this EDM process is also called WIRE EDM ). Sometimes we use the tool-electrode in such a way that only a small portion of it is actually engaged in the machining process and this portion is changed on a regular basis. This is, for instance, the case when using a rotating disk as a tool-electrode. This process is called EDM GRINDING. Yet another technique we deploy consists of using a set of electrodes with different sizes and shapes during the same EDM operation to compensate for wear. We call this multiple electrode technique, and is most commonly used when the tool electrode replicates in negative the desired shape and is advanced towards the blank along a single direction, usually the vertical direction (i.e. z-axis). This resembles the sink of the tool into the dielectric liquid in which the workpiece is immersed, and therefore it is referred to as DIE-SINKING EDM (sometimes called CONVENTIONAL EDM or RAM EDM). The machines for this operation are called SINKER EDM. The electrodes for this type of EDM have complex forms. If the final geometry is obtained using a usually simple-shaped electrode moved along several directions and is also subject to rotations, we call it EDM MILLING. The amount of wear is strictly dependent on the technological parameters used in the operation ( polarity, maximum current, open circuit voltage). For example, in micro-EDM, also known as m-EDM, these parameters are usually set at values which generates severe wear. Therefore, wear is a major problem in that area which we minimize using our accumulated know-how. For example to minimize wear to graphite electrodes, a digital generator, controllable within milliseconds, reverses polarity as electro-erosion takes place. This results in an effect similar to electroplating that continuously deposits the eroded graphite back on the electrode. In another method, a so-called ''Zero Wear'' circuit we minimize how often the discharge starts and stops, keeping it on for as long a time as possible. The material removal rate in electrical-discharge machining can be estimated from: MRR = 4 x 10 exp(4) x I x Tw exp (-1.23) Here MRR is in mm3/min, I is current in Amperes, Tw is workpiece melting point in K-273.15K. The exp stands for exponent. On the other hand, the wear rate Wt of the electrode can be obtained from: Wt = ( 1.1 x 10exp(11) ) x I x Ttexp(-2.38) Here Wt is in mm3/min and Tt is melting point of the electrode material in K-273.15K Finally, the wear ratio of the workpiece to electrode R can be obtained from: R = 2.25 x Trexp(-2.38) Here Tr is the ratio of melting points of workpiece to electrode. SINKER EDM : Sinker EDM, also referred to as CAVITY TYPE EDM or VOLUME EDM, consists of an electrode and workpiece submerged in an insulating liquid. The electrode and workpiece are connected to a power supply. The power supply generates an electrical potential between the two. As the electrode approaches the workpiece, dielectric breakdown occurs in the fluid, forming a plasma channel, and a small spark jumps. The sparks usually strike one at a time because it is highly unlikely that different locations in the inter-electrode space have identical local electrical characteristics which would enable a spark to occur in all such locations simultaneously. Hundreds of thousands of these sparks happen at random points between the electrode and the workpiece per second. As the base metal erodes, and the spark gap subsequently increases, the electrode is lowered automatically by our CNC machine so that the process can continue uninterrupted. Our equipment has controlling cycles known as ''on time'' and ''off time''. The on time setting determines the length or duration of the spark. A longer on time produces a deeper cavity for that spark and all subsequent sparks for that cycle, creating a rougher finish on the workpiece and vice versa. The off time is the period of time that one spark is replaced by another. A longer off time permits the dielectric fluid to flush through a nozzle to clean out the eroded debris, thereby avoiding a short circuit. These settings are adjusted in micro seconds. WIRE EDM : In WIRE ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING (WEDM), also called WIRE-CUT EDM or WIRE CUTTING, we feed a thin single-strand metal wire of brass through the workpiece, which is submerged in a tank of dielectric fluid. Wire EDM is an important variation of EDM. We occasionally use wire-cut EDM to cut plates as thick as 300mm and to make punches, tools, and dies from hard metals that are difficult to machine with other manufacturing methods. In this process which resembles to contour cutting with a band saw, the wire, which is constantly fed from a spool, is held between upper and lower diamond guides. The CNC-controlled guides move in the x–y plane and the upper guide can also move independently in the z–u–v axis, giving rise to the ability to cut tapered and transitioning shapes (such as circle on the bottom and square at the top). The upper guide can control axis movements in x–y–u–v–i–j–k–l–. This allows the WEDM to cut very intricate and delicate shapes. The average cutting kerf of our equipment that achieves the best economic cost and machining time is 0.335 mm using Ø 0.25 brass, copper or tungsten wire. However the upper and lower diamond guides of our CNC equipment are accurate to about 0.004 mm, and can have a cutting path or kerf as small as 0.021 mm using Ø 0.02 mm wire. So really narrow cuts are possible. The cutting width is greater than the width of the wire because sparking occurs from the sides of the wire to the workpiece, causing erosion. This ''overcut'' is necessary, for many applications it is predictable and therefore can be compensated for ( in micro-EDM this is not often the case). The wire spools are long—an 8 kg spool of 0.25 mm wire is just over 19 kilometers in length. Wire diameter can be as small as 20 micrometres and the geometry precision is in the neighborhood of +/- 1 micrometer. We generally use the wire only once and recycle it because it is relatively inexpensive. It travels at a constant velocity of 0.15 to 9m/min and a constant kerf (slot) is maintained during a cut. In the wire-cut EDM process we use water as the dielectric fluid, controlling its resistivity and other electrical properties with filters and de-ionizer units. The water flushes the cut debris away from the cutting zone. Flushing is an important factor in determining the maximum feed rate for a given material thickness and therefore we keep it consistent. Cutting speed in wire EDM is stated in terms of the cross-sectional area cut per unit time, such as 18,000 mm2/hr for 50mm thick D2 tool steel. The linear cutting speed for this case would be 18,000/50 = 360mm/hr The material removal rate in wire EDM is: MRR = Vf x h x b Here MRR is in mm3/min, Vf is the feed rate of the wire into workpiece in mm/min, h is thickness or height in mm, and b is the kerf, which is: b = dw + 2s Here dw is wire diameter and s is gap between wire and workpiece in mm. Along with tighter tolerances, our modern multi axis EDM wire-cutting machining centers have added features such as multi heads for cutting two parts at the same time, controls for preventing wire breakage, automatic self-threading features in case of wire breakage, and programmed machining strategies to optimize the operation, straight and angular cutting capabilities. Wire-EDM offers us low residual stresses, because it does not require high cutting forces for removal of material. When the energy/power per pulse is relatively low (as in finishing operations), little change in the mechanical properties of a material is expected due to low residual stresses. ELECTRICAL-DISCHARGE GRINDING (EDG) : The grinding wheels do not contain abrasives, they are made of graphite or brass. Repetitive sparks between the rotating wheel and workpiece remove material from workpiece surfaces. The material removal rate is: MRR = K x I Here MRR is in mm3/min, I is current in Amperes, and K is workpiece material factor in mm3/A-min. We frequently use electrical-discharge grinding to saw narrow slits on components. We sometimes combine EDG (Electrical-Discharge Grinding) process with ECG (Electrochemical Grinding) process where material is removed by chemical action, the electrical discharges from the graphite wheel breaking up the oxide film and washed away by the electrolyte. The process is called ELECTROCHEMICAL-DISCHARGE GRINDING (ECDG). Even though the ECDG process consumes relatively more power, it is a faster process than the EDG. We mostly grind carbide tools using this technique. Applications of Electrical Discharge Machining: Prototype production: We use the EDM process in mold-making, tool and die manufacturing, as well as for making prototype and production parts, especially for the aerospace, automobile and electronics industries in which production quantities are relatively low. In Sinker EDM, a graphite, copper tungsten or pure copper electrode is machined into the desired (negative) shape and fed into the workpiece on the end of a vertical ram. Coinage die making: For the creation of dies for producing jewelry and badges by the coinage (stamping) process, the positive master may be made from sterling silver, since (with appropriate machine settings) the master is significantly eroded and is used only once. The resultant negative die is then hardened and used in a drop hammer to produce stamped flats from cutout sheet blanks of bronze, silver, or low proof gold alloy. For badges these flats may be further shaped to a curved surface by another die. This type of EDM is usually performed submerged in an oil-based dielectric. The finished object may be further refined by hard (glass) or soft (paint) enameling and/or electroplated with pure gold or nickel. Softer materials such as silver may be hand engraved as a refinement. Drilling of Small Holes: On our wire-cut EDM machines, we use small hole drilling EDM to make a through hole in a workpiece through which to thread the wire for the wire-cut EDM operation. Separate EDM heads specifically for small hole drilling are mounted on our wire-cut machines which allow large hardened plates to have finished parts eroded from them as needed and without pre-drilling. We also use small hole EDM to drill rows of holes into the edges of turbine blades used in jet engines. Gas flow through these small holes allows the engines to use higher temperatures than otherwise possible. The high-temperature, very hard, single crystal alloys these blades are made of makes conventional machining of these holes with high aspect ratio extremely difficult and even impossible. Other application areas for small hole EDM is to create microscopic orifices for fuel system components. Besides the integrated EDM heads, we deploy stand-alone small hole drilling EDM machines with x–y axes to machine blind or through holes. EDM drills bore holes with a long brass or copper tube electrode that rotates in a chuck with a constant flow of distilled or deionized water flowing through the electrode as a flushing agent and dielectric. Some small-hole drilling EDMs are able to drill through 100 mm of soft or even hardened steel in less than 10 seconds. Holes between 0.3 mm and 6.1 mm can be achieved in this drilling operation. Metal disintegration machining: We also have special EDM machines for the specific purpose of removing broken tools (drill bits or taps) from work pieces. This process is called ''metal disintegration machining''. Advantages and Disadvantages Electrical-Discharge Machining: Advantages of EDM include machining of: - Complex shapes that would otherwise be difficult to produce with conventional cutting tools - Extremely hard material to very close tolerances - Very small work pieces where conventional cutting tools may damage the part from excess cutting tool pressure. - There is no direct contact between tool and work piece. Therefore delicate sections and weak materials can be machined without any distortion. - A good surface finish can be obtained. - Very fine holes can be easily drilled. Disadvantages of EDM include: - The slow rate of material removal. - The additional time and cost used for creating electrodes for ram/sinker EDM. - Reproducing sharp corners on the workpiece is difficult due to electrode wear. - Power consumption is high. - ''Overcut'' is formed. - Excessive tool wear occurs during machining. - Electrically non-conductive materials can be machined only with specific set-up of the process. CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

Hardness Tester - Rockwell - Brinell - Vickers - Leeb - Microhardness - Universal - AGS-TECH Inc. - New Mexico - USA Hardness Testers AGS-TECH Inc. stocks a comprehensive range of hardness testers including ROCKWELL, BRINELL, VICKERS, LEEB, KNOOP, MICROHARDNESS TESTERS, UNIVERSAL HARDNESS TESTER, PORTABLE HARDNESS TESTING INSTRUMENTS, optical systems and software for measurement, data acquisition and analysis, test blocks, indenters, anvils and related accessories. Some of the brand name hardness testers we sell are BUEHLER, ELCOMETER, MITECH, SADT, SINOAGE, SINOWON ..... You can purchase brand new, refurbished or used equipment from us. Simply choose the product from the following catalogs and provide us the brand name and model of your choice: BUEHLER Hardness Testing Catalog ELCOMETER Inspection Equipment Catalog (does offer Physical Test Equipment , Concrete Inspection Equipment, Concrete Test Hammers , Hardness & Scratch Resistance Testers ) MITECH MH600 P ortable Hardness Tester MITECH Hardness Testers P roduct Comparison Table MITUTOYO Hardness Testing Machines SADT-SINOAGE B rand M etrology and T est E quipment Catalog SINOWON Rockwell Hardness Tester SINOWON Portable Ultrasonic Hardness Tester One of the most common tests for assessing the mechanical properties of materials is the hardness test. Hardness of a material is its resistance to permanent indentation. One may also say hardness is a material’s resistance to scratching and to wear. There are several techniques to measure the hardness of materials using various geometries and materials. The measurement results are not absolute, they are more of a relative comparative indicator, because the results depend on the shape of the indenter and the applied load. Our portable hardness testers can generally run any hardness test listed above. They can be configured for particular geometric features and materials such as hole interiors, gear teeth…etc. Let us briefly go over the various hardness test methods. BRINELL TEST : In this test, a steel or tungsten carbide ball with 10 mm diameter is pressed against a surface with a load of 500, 1500 or 3000 Kg force. Brinell hardness number is the ratio of the load to the curved area of indentation. A Brinell test leaves behind different types of impressions on the surface depending on the tested material’s condition. For example, on annealed materials a rounded profile is left behind whereas on cold-worked materials we observe a sharp profile. Tungsten carbide indenter balls are recommended for Brinell hardness numbers higher than 500. For harder workpiece materials a 1500 Kg or 3000 Kg load is recommended so that the impressions left behind are sufficiently large for accurate measurement. Because of the fact that impressions made by the same indenter at different loads are not geometrically similar, the Brinell hardness number depends on the load used. Therefore one should always note the load employed on the test results. Brinell test is well suited for materials between low to medium hardness. ROCKWELL TEST : In this test the depth of penetration is measured. The indenter is pressed on the surface initially with a minor load and then a major load. The difference in the penetration debth is a measure of hardness. Several Rockwell hardness scales exist employing different loads, indenter materials and geometries. The Rockwell hardness number is read directly from a dial on the testing machine. For example, if the hardness number is 55 using the C scale, it is written as 55 HRC. VICKERS TEST : Sometimes also referred to as the DIAMOND PYRAMID HARDNESS TEST, it uses a pyramid-shaped diamond indenter with loads ranging from 1 to 120 Kg. The Vickers hardness number is given by HV=1.854P / square L. The L here is the diagonal length of the diamond pyramid. The Vickers test gives basically the same hardness number regardless of the load. The Vickers test is suitable for testing materials with a wide range of hardness including very hard materials. KNOOP TEST : In this test, we use a diamond indenter in the shape of an elongated pyramid and loads between 25g to 5 Kg. The Knoop hardness number is given as HK=14.2P / square L. Here the letter L is the length of the elongated diagonal. The size of indentations in Knoop tests is relatively small, in the range of 0.01 to 0.10 mm. Due to this small number surface preparation for the material is very important. Test results should cite the load applied because the hardness number obtained depends on the applied load. Because light loads are used, the Knoop test is considered a MICROHARDNESS TEST. The Knoop test is therefore suitable for very small, thin specimens, brittle materials such as gemstones, glass and carbides, and even for measuring the hardness of individual grains in a metal. LEEB HARDNESS TEST : It is based on rebound technique measuring the Leeb hardness. It is an easy and industrially popular method. This portable method is mostly used for testing sufficiently large workpieces above 1 kg. An impact body with a hard metal test tip is propelled by spring force against the workpiece surface. When the impact body hits the workpiece, surface deformation takes place which will result in loss of kinetic energy. Velocity measurements reveal this loss in kinetic energy. When the impact body passes coil at a precise distance from the surface, a signal voltage is induced during the impact and rebound phases of the test. These voltages are proportional to the velocity. Using electronic signal processing one gets the Leeb hardness value from display. Our PORTABLE HARDNESS TESTERS from SADT / HARTIP HARDNESS TESTER SADT HARTIP2000/HARTIP2000 D&DL : This is an innovative portable Leeb hardness tester with newly patented technology, which makes HARTIP 2000 a universal angle (UA) impact direction hardness tester. There is no need to set up impact direction when taking measurements at any angle. Therefore, HARTIP 2000 offers a linear accuracy compared to the angle compensating method. HARTIP 2000 is also a cost saving hardness tester and has many other features. The HARTIP2000 DL is equipped with SADT unique D and DL 2-in-1 probe. SADT HARTIP1800 Plus/1800 Plus D&DL : This device is an advanced state-of-the-art palm sized metal hardness tester with many new features. Using a patented technology, SADT HARTIP1800 Plus is a new generation product. It has a high accuracy of +/-2 HL (or 0.3% @HL800) with high contract OLED display and wide environmental temperature range (-40ºC~60ºC). Apart from huge memories in 400 blocks with 360k data, HARTIP1800 Plus can download measured data to PC and printout to mini-printer by USB port and wirelessly with internal blue-tooth module. The battery can be charged simply from USB port. It has a customer re-calibration and statics function. HARTIP 1800 plus D&DL is equipped with two-in-one probe. With unique two-in-one probe, HARTIP1800plus D&DL can convert between probe D and probe DL simply by changing impact body. It’s more economical than buying them individually. It has the same configuration with HARTIP1800 plus except two-in-one probe. SADT HARTIP1800 Basic/1800 Basic D&DL : This is a basic model for HARTIP1800plus. With most of core functions of HARTIP1800 plus and a lower price, HARTIP1800 Basic is a good choice for the customer with limited budget. HARTIP1800 Basic also can be equipped with our unique D/DL two-in-one impact device. SADT HARTIP 3000 : This is an advanced hand-held digital metal hardness tester with high accuracy, wide measurement range and ease of operation. It is suitable for testing the hardness of all metals especially on site for large structural and assembled components, which are widely used in the power, petrochemical, aerospace, automotive and machine building industries. SADT HARTIP1500/HARTIP1000 : This is an integrated handheld metal hardness tester that combines impact device (probe) and processor into one unit. The size is much smaller than the standard impact device, which allows HARTIP 1500/1000 to meet not only normal measurement conditions, but also can take measurements at narrow spaces. HARTIP 1500/1000 is suitable for testing the hardness of almost all ferrous and nonferrous materials. With its new technology, its accuracy is improved to a higher level than the standard type. HARTIP 1500/1000 is one of the most economic hardness testers in its class. BRINELL HARDNESS READING AUTOMATIC MEASURING SYSTEM / SADT HB SCALER : HB Scaler is an optical measuring system which can automatically measure the size of indentation from Brinell hardness tester and gives the Brinell hardness readings. All values and indentation images can be saved in PC. With the software, all values can be processed and printed out as a report. Our BENCH HARDNESS TESTER products from SADT are: SADT HR-150A ROCKWELL HARDNESS TESTER : The manually operated HR-150A Rockwell hardness tester is known for its perfection and ease of operation. This machine uses the standard preliminary test force of 10kgf and main loads of 60/100/150 kilograms while conforming to the international Rockwell standard. After each test, the HR-150A shows the Rockwell B or Rockwell C hardness value directly on the dial indicator. The preliminary test force has to be applied manually, followed by applying the main load by means of the lever at the right side of the hardness tester. After unloading, the dial indicates the requested hardness value directly with high accuracy and repeatability. SADT HR-150DT MOTORIZED ROCKWELL HARDNESS TESTER : This series of hardness testers are recognized for their accuracy and ease of operation, function entirely conforming to the international Rockwell standard. Depending on the combination of indenter type and applied total test force, a unique symbol is given to each Rockwell scale. HR-150DT and HRM-45DT feature both specific Rockwell scales of HRC and HRB on a dial. The appropriate force should be adjusted manually, using the dial on the right side of the machine. After application of the preliminary force, the HR150DT and HRM-45DT will proceed with a fullly automated testing: loading, waiting, unloading, and at the end will display the hardness. SADT HRS-150 DIGITAL ROCKWELL HARDNESS TESTER : The HRS-150 digital Rockwell hardness tester is designed for ease of use and safety of operation. It conforms with the international Rockwell standard. Depending on the combination of indenter type and applied total test force, a unique symbol is given to each Rockwell scale. The HRS-150 will automatically show your selection of a specific Rockwell scale on the LCD display, and will indicate which load is being used. The integrated autobrake mechanism allows the preliminary test force to be applied manually without the possibility of an error. After application of the preliminary force, the HRS-150 will proceed with a fully automatic test: loading, dwell time, unloading, and computation of the hardness value and its display. Connected to the included printer through an RS232 output, it’s possible to print out all results. Our BENCH TYPE SUPERFICIAL ROCKWELL HARDNESS TESTER products from SADT are: SADT HRM-45DT MOTORIZED SUPERFICIAL ROCKWELL HARDNESS TESTER : This series hardness testers are recognized for their accuracy and ease of operation, perform entirely conforming to the international Rockwell standard. Depending on the combination of indenter type and applied total test force, a unique symbol is given to each Rockwell scale. HR-150DT and HRM-45DT feature both of the specific Rockwell scales HRC and HRB on a dial. The appropriate force should be adjusted manually, using the dial on the right side of the machine. After application of the preliminary force, the HR150DT and HRM-45DT will proceed with a fullly automatic test process: loading, dwelling, unloading, and at the end will display the hardness. SADT HRMS-45 SUPERFICIAL ROCKWELL HARDNESS TESTER : HRMS-45 Digital Superficial Rockwell Hardness Tester is a novel product integrating advanced mechanical and electronic technologies. The dual display of LCD and LED digital diodes, make it an upgraded product version of the standard type superficial Rockwell tester. It measures the hardness of ferrous, nonferrous metals and hard materials, carburized and nitrided layers, and other chemically treated layers. It is also used for the measurement of hardness of thin pieces. SADT XHR-150 PLASTIC ROCKWELL HARDNESS TESTER : XHR-150 plastics Rockwell hardness tester adopts a motorized testing method, testing force can be loaded, kept at dwelling and unloaded automatically. Human error is minimized and easy to operate. It is used to measure hard plastics, hard rubbers, aluminum, tin, copper, soft steel, synthetic resins, tribologic materials, etc. Our BENCH TYPE VICKERS HARDNESS TESTER products from SADT are: SADT HVS-10/50 LOW LOAD VICKERS HARDNESS TESTER : This low load Vicker’s hardness tester with digital display is a new hi-tech product integrating mechanical and photoelectrical technologies. As a substitute for traditional small-load Vicker’s hardness testers, it features an easy operation and good reliability, which is specially designed for testing small, thin samples or parts after surface coating. Suitable for research institutes, industrial labs and QC departments, this is an ideal hardness testing instrument for research and measurement purposes. It offers integration of computer programming technology, high resolution optical measuring system and photoelectrical technique, soft key input, light source adjustment, selectable testing model, conversion tables, pressure-holding time, file number input and data saving functions. It has a big LCD screen to display the test model, test pressure, indention length, hardness values, pressure holding time and the numbers of tests. Offers also date recording, test results recording and data processing, printing output function, through an RS232 interface. SADT HV-10/50 LOW LOAD VICKERS HARDNESS TESTER : These low load Vickers hardness testers are new hi-tech products integrating mechanical and photoelectrical technologies. These testers are specially designed for testing small and thin samples and parts after surface coating. Suitable for research institutes, industrial labs and QC departments. Key features and functions are microcomputer control, adjustment of light source via soft keys, adjustment of pressure holding time and LED/LCD display, its unique measurement conversion device and unique micro eyepiece one-time measurement readout device that ensures easy use and high accuracy. SADT HV-30 VICKERS HARDNESS TESTER : The HV-30 model Vickers hardness tester is specially designed for testing small, thin samples and parts after surface coating. Suitable for research institutes, factory labs and QC departments, these are ideal hardness testing instruments for research and test purposes. Key features and functions are micro computer control, automatic loading and unloading mechanism, adjustment of lighting source via hardware, adjustment of pressure holding time (0~30s), unique measurement conversion device and unique micro eyepiece one-time measurement readout device, ensuring easy use and high accuracy. Our BENCH TYPE MICRO HARDNESS TESTER products from SADT are: SADT HV-1000 MICRO HARDNESS TESTER / HVS-1000 DIGITAL MICRO HARDNESS TESTER : This product is especially well suited for high precision hardness testing of small and thin samples such as sheet, foil, coatings, ceramic products and hardened layers. To ensure a satisfactory indentation, the HV1000 / HVS1000 features automatic loading and unloading operations, a very accurate loading mechanism and a robust lever system. The micro-computer controlled system ensures an absolutely precise hardness measurement with adjustable dwell time. SADT DHV-1000 MICRO HARDNESS TESTER / DHV-1000Z DIGITAL VICKERS HARDNESS TESTER : These micro Vickers hardness testers made with a unique and precise design are able to produce a clearer indentation and hence a more accurate measurement. By means of a 20 × lens and a 40 × lens the instrument has a wider measurement field and a broader application range. Equipped with a digital microscope, on its LCD screen it shows the measuring methods, the test force, the indentation length, the hardness value, the dwell time of the test force as well as the number of the measurements. In addition, it is equipped with an interface linked to a digital camera and a CCD video camera. This tester is widely used for measuring ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, IC thin sections, coatings, glass, ceramics, precious stones, quench hardened layers and more. SADT DXHV-1000 DIGITAL MICRO HARDNESS TESTER : These micro Vickers hardness testers made with a unique and precise are able to produce a clearer indentation and hence more accurate measurements. By means of a 20 × lens and a 40 × lens the tester has a wider measurement field and a broader application range. With an automatically turning device ( the automatically turning turret ), the operation has become easier; and with a threaded interface, it can be linked to a digital camera and a CCD video camera. First the device lets the LCD touch screen to be used, thus allowing the operation to be more human controlled. The device has capabilities such as direct reading of the measurements, the easy change of the hardness scales, the saving of the data, the printing and the connection with the RS232 interface. This tester is widely used for measuring ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, IC thin sections, coatings, glass, ceramics, precious stones; thin plastic sections, quench hardened layers and more. Our BENCH TYPE BRINELL HARDNESS TESTER / MULTI-PURPOSE HARDNESS TESTER products from SADT are: SADT HD9-45 SUPERFICIAL ROCKWELL & VICKERS OPTICAL HARDNESS TESTER : This device serves the purpose of measuring the hardness of ferrous, nonferrous metals, hard metals, carburized and nitrided layers and chemically treated layers and thin pieces. SADT HBRVU-187.5 BRINELL ROCKWELL & VICKERS OPTICAL HARDNESS TESTER : This instrument is used for determining the Brinell, Rockwell and Vickers hardness of ferrous, nonferrous metals, hard metals, carburized layers and chemically treated layers. It can be used in plants, scientific & research institutes, laboratories and colleges. SADT HBRV-187.5 BRINELL ROCKWELL & VICKERS HARDNESS TESTER (NOT OPTICAL) : This instrument is used for determining the Brinell, Rockwell and Vickers hardness of ferrous, non-ferrous metals, hard metals, carburized layers and chemically treated layers. It can be used in factories, scientific & research institutes, laboratories and colleges. It’s not an optical type hardness tester. SADT HBE-3000A BRINELL HARDNESS TESTER : This automatic Brinell hardness tester features a wide measurement range up to 3000 Kgf with a high accuracy conforming to DIN 51225/1 standard. During the automatic test cycle the applied force will be controlled by a closed loop system guaranteeing a constant force on the work piece, conforming to DIN 50351 standard. The HBE-3000A comes completely with a reading microscope with enlargement factor 20X and a micrometer resolution of 0.005 mm. SADT HBS-3000 DIGITAL BRINELL HARDNESS TESTER : This digital Brinell hardness tester is a new generation state-of-the-art device. It can be used to determine the Brinell hardness of ferrous and non-ferrous metals. The tester offers electronic auto loading, computer software programming, high power optical measurement, photosensor and other features. Each operational process and test result can be displayed on its large LCD screen. The test results can be printed. Device is suitable for manufacturing environments, colleges and scientific institutions. SADT MHB-3000 DIGITAL ELECTRONIC BRINELL HARDNESS TESTER : This instrument is an integrated product combining optical, mechanical and electronic techniques, adopting a precise mechanical structure and computer controlled closed-circuit system. The instrument loads and unloads the testing force with its motor. Using a 0.5% accuracy compression sensor to feedback the information and the CPU to control, the instrument compensates automatically for the varying testing forces. Equipped with a digital micro eyepiece on the instrument, the length of indentation can be measured directly. All testing data such as the test method, the test force value, the length of test indentation, the hardness value and the dwell time of testing force can be shown on the LCD screen. There is no need to input the value of the diagonal length for the indentation and no need to look up the hardness value from the hardness table. Therefore the read data is more accurate and operation of this instrument is easier. For details and other similar equipment, please visit our equipment website: http://www.sourceindustrialsupply.com CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

Microwave Components - Subassembly - Microwave Circuits - RF Transformer - LNA - Mixer - Fixed Attenuator - AGS-TECH Microwave Components and Systems Manufacturing & Assembly We manufacture and supply: Microwave electronics including silicon microwave diodes, dot touch diodes, schottky diodes, PIN diodes, varactor diodes, step recovery diodes, microwave integrated circuits, splitters/combiners, mixers, directional couplers, detectors, I/Q modulators, filters, fixed attenuators, RF transformers, simulation phase shifters, LNA, PA, switches, attenuators, and limiters. We also custom manufacture microwave subassemblies and assemblies according to users' requirements. Please download our microwave components and systems brochures from the links below: Antenna Brochure for 5G - LTE 4G - LPWA 3G - 2G - GPS - GNSS - WLAN - BT - Combo - ISM Barcode and Fixed Mount Scanners - RFID Products - Mobile Computers - Micro Kiosks OEM Technology (We private label these with your brand name and logo if you wish) Barcode Scanners (We private label these with your brand name and logo if you wish) Microwave Flexible Cable Assembly Microwave and Milimeter Wave Test Accessories Brochure (Cable assemblies, VNA Test Assemblies, Mechanical Calibration Kits, RF Coaxial Adapters, Test Port Adapters, DC Blocks, NMD Connectors....etc.) Microwave Waveguides - Coaxial Components - Milimeterwave Antennas (Straight Waveguide, Waveguide Bend, Waveguide to Coaxial Adapter, Directional Couplers, Waveguide Tee, Circulators, Isolators......etc.) Printers for Barcode Scanners and Mobile Computers (We private label these with your brand name and logo if you wish) RF and Microwave Components (Broadband 90/180 Degree Hybrid and Coupler, Broadband Power Divider, Filter, RF switch, Broadband Amplifier, Broadband Frequency Synthesizer) RFID Readers - Scanners - Encoders - Printers (We private label these with your brand name and logo if you wish) Soft Ferrites - Cores - Toroids - EMI Suppression Products - RFID Transponders and Accessories Brochure Dowload brochure for our DESIGN PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM Microwaves are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths ranging from 1 mm to 1 m, or frequencies between 0.3 GHz and 300 GHz.The microwave range includes ultra-high frequency (UHF) (0.3–3 GHz), super high frequency (SHF) (3–30 GHz), and extremely high frequency (EHF) (30–300 GHz) signals. Uses of microwave technology: COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS: Before the invention of fiber optic transmission technology, most long distance telephone calls were carried via microwave point-to-point links through sites like the AT&T Long Lines. Starting in the early 1950s, frequency division multiplexing was used to send up to 5,400 telephone channels on each microwave radio channel, with as many as ten radio channels combined into one antenna for the hop to the next site, that was up to 70 km away. Wireless LAN protocols, such as Bluetooth and the IEEE 802.11 specifications, also use microwaves in the 2.4 GHz ISM band, although 802.11a uses ISM band and U-NII frequencies in the 5 GHz range. Licensed long-range (up to about 25 km) Wireless Internet Access services can be found in many countries in the 3.5–4.0 GHz range (not in the USA however). Metropolitan Area Networks: MAN protocols, such as WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) based in the IEEE 802.16 specification. The IEEE 802.16 specification was designed to operate between 2 to 11 GHz frequencies. The commercial implementations are in the 2.3GHz, 2.5 GHz, 3.5 GHz and 5.8 GHz frequency ranges. Wide Area Mobile Broadband Wireless Access: MBWA protocols based on standards specifications such as IEEE 802.20 or ATIS/ANSI HC-SDMA (e.g. iBurst) are designed to operate between 1.6 and 2.3 GHz to give mobility and in-building penetration characteristics similar to mobile phones but with much much greater spectral efficiency. Some of the lower microwave frequency spectrum is used on Cable TV and Internet access on coaxial cable as well as broadcast television. Also some mobile phone networks, like GSM, also use lower microwave frequencies. Microwave radio is used in broadcasting and telecommunication transmissions because, due to their short wavelength, highly directive antennas are smaller and therefore more practical than they would be at lower frequencies (longer wavelengths). There is also more bandwidth in the microwave spectrum than in the rest of the radio spectrum; the usable bandwidth below 300 MHz is less than 300 MHz while many GHz can be used above 300 MHz. Typically, microwaves are used in television news to transmit a signal from a remote location to a television station in a specially equipped van. The C, X, Ka, or Ku Bands of the microwave spectrum are used in the operation of most satellite communications systems. These frequencies allow large bandwidth while avoiding the crowded UHF frequencies and staying below the atmospheric absorption of EHF frequencies. Satellite TV either operates in the C band for the traditional large dish Fixed Satellite Service or Ku band for Direct Broadcast Satellite. Military communication systems run primarily over X or Ku Band links, with Ka band being used for Milstar. REMOTE SENSING: Radars use microwave frequency radiation to detect the range, speed, and other characteristics of remote objects. Radars are widely used for applications including air traffic control, navigation of ships, and traffic speed limit control. Besides ultrasonic decices, sometimes Gunn diode oscillators and waveguides are used as motion detectors for automatic door openers. Much of radio astronomy uses microwave technology. NAVIGATION SYSTEMS: Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) including the American Global Positioning System (GPS), the Chinese Beidou and the Russian GLONASS broadcast navigational signals in various bands between about 1.2 GHz and 1.6 GHz. POWER: A microwave oven passes (non-ionizing) microwave radiation (at a frequency near 2.45 GHz) through food, causing dielectric heating by absorption of energy in the water, fats and sugar contained in the food. Microwave ovens became common following development of inexpensive cavity magnetrons. Microwave heating is widely used in industrial processes for drying and curing products. Many semiconductor processing techniques use microwaves to generate plasma for purposes such as reactive ion etching (RIE) and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Microwaves can be used to transmit power over long distances. NASA worked in the 1970s and early 1980s to research the possibilities of using Solar Power Satellite (SPS) systems with large solar arrays that would beam power down to the Earth's surface via microwaves. Some light weaponry uses millimeter waves to heat a thin layer of human skin to an intolerable temperature to make the targeted person move away. A two-second burst of the 95 GHz focused beam heats the skin to a temperature of 130 °F (54 °C) at a depth of 1/64th of an inch (0.4 mm). The United States Air Force and Marines use this type of Active Denial System. If your interest is in engineering and research & development, please visit our engineering site http://www.ags-engineering.com CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

Chemical Physical Environmental Analyzers, NDT, Nondestructive Testing, Analytical Balance, Chromatograph, Mass Spectrometer, Gas Analyzer, Moisture Analyzer Chemical, Physical, Environmental Analyzers The industrial CHEMICAL ANALYZERS we provide are: CHROMATOGRAPHS, MASS SPECTROMETERS, RESIDUAL GAS ANALYZERS, GAS DETECTORS, MOISTURE ANALYZER, DIGITAL GRAIN AND WOOD MOISTURE METERS, ANALYTICAL BALANCE The industrial PHYSICAL ANALYSIS INSTRUMENTS we offer are: SPECTROPHOTOMETERS, POLARIMETER, REFRACTOMETER, LUX METER, GLOSS METERS, COLOR READERS, COLOR DIFFERENCE METER , DIGITAL LASER DISTANCE METERS, LASER RANGEFINDER, ULTRASONIC CABLE HEIGHT METER, SOUND LEVEL METER, ULTRASONIC DISTANCE METER , DIGITAL ULTRASONIC FLAW DETECTOR , HARDNESS TESTER , METALLURGICAL MICROSCOPES , SURFACE ROUGHNESS TESTER , ULTRASONIC THICKNESS GAUGE , VIBRATION METER , TACHOMETER . and others...... For the highlighted products, please visit our related pages by clicking on the corresponding colored text above. The ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYZERS we provide are: TEMPERATURE & HUMIDITY CYCLING CHAMBERS, ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING CHAMBERS, LIQUID ANALYSIS & TEST SYSTEMS. Click on Colored Text to Download Catalogs below. Choose the brand and model number of your interest and let us know whether you need brand new, or refurbished / used equipment: AMETEK-LLOYD Instruments Materials Testing (Versatile Materials Testing Equipment, Universal Test Machines, Tensile Strength, Compressibility, Hardness, Elasticity, Peeling, Adhesion...etc.) ELCOMETER Inspection Equipment Catalog ( Physical Test Equipment , Gloss & Reflectance , Colour Measurement , Fineness Of Grind/Dispersion , Density & Specific Gravity , Viscosity & Flow Measurement , Film Application & Test Charts , Drying Time & Permeability , Washability & Abrasion , Hardness & Scratch Resistance , Elasticity, Bend & Impact Testers , Flash Point, Concrete Inspection Equipment ) FLUKE Test Tools Catalog (includes Indoor Air Quality Tools, Air Meter, Airflow Meter, Temperature-Humidity Meter, Particle Counter, Carbon Monoxide Meters) HAIDA Anti-Yellowing Aging Test Chamber HAIDA Color Assessment Cabinet HAIDA IPX1＆X2 Water Drip Test Chamber HAIDA Rapid-Rate Thermal Cycle Chamber HAIDA Salt Corrosion Spray Test Chamber HAIDA Salt Spray Test Chamber HAIDA Sand Dust Proofing Test Chamber HAIDA Temperature Humidity Test Chamber HAIDA Thermal Shock Test Chamber HAIDA Ultraviolet Weathering Test Chamber HAIDA Walk-In Environmental Test Chamber HAIDA Xenon Aging Test Chamber High HAIDA Xenon Aging Test Chamber Standard Helium Leak Tester (We private label these with your brand name and logo if you wish) METTLER TOLEDO Weighing Solutions for Retail Stores SADT-SINOAGE brand metrology and test equipment, please CLICK HERE . You will find some models of the above listed equipment here. Sensors & Analytical Measurement Systems for Liquid Analysis (Products in this brochure are used for environmental tests and and tests carried out in process industries. Example products are conductivity sensors, dissolved oxygen sensors, chlorine sensors, turbidity/suspended solids sensors, optical sensors, transmitters....etc. We private label these with your brand name and logo if you wish) Sensors & Analytical Measurement Systems for Optical OEM Applications in Liquid Analysis (We private label these with your brand name and logo if you wish) Sensors & Analytical Measurement Systems for pH Testing (We private label these with your brand name and logo if you wish) Some fundamental information on these test systems: CHROMATOGRAPHY is a physical method of separation that distribute s components to separate between two phases, one stationary (stationary phase), the other (the mobile phase) moving in a definite direction. In other words, it refers to laboratory techniques for the separation of mixtures. The mixture is dissolved in a fluid called the mobile phase, which carries it through a structure holding another material called the stationary phase. The various constituents of the mixture travel at different speeds, which causes them to separate. The separation is based on differential partitioning between the mobile and stationary phases. Small differences in partition coefficient of a compound results in differential retention on the stationary phase and thus changing the separation. Chromatography can be used to separate the components of a mixture for more advanced use such as purification) or for measuring the relative proportions of analytes (which is the substance to be separated during chromatography) in a mixture. Several chromatographic methods exist, such as paper chromatography, gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. ANALYTICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY is used to determine the existence and the concentration of analyte(s) in a sample. In a chromatogram different peaks or patterns correspond to different components of the separated mixture. In an optimal system each signal is proportional to the concentration of the corresponding analyte that was separated. An equipment called CHROMATOGRAPH enables a sophisticated separation. There are specialized types according to the physical state of the mobile phase such as GAS CHROMATOGRAPHS and LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHS. Gas chromatography (GC), also sometimes called gas-liquid chromatography (GLC), is a separation technique in which the mobile phase is a gas. High temperatures used in Gas Chromatographs make it unsuitable for high molecular weight biopolymers or proteins encountered in biochemistry because heat denatures them. The technique is however well suited for use in the petrochemical, environmental monitoring, chemical research and industrial chemical fields. On the other hand, Liquid Chromatography (LC) is a separation technique in which the mobile phase is a liquid. In order to measure the characteristics of individual molecules, a MASS SPECTROMETER converts them to ions so that they can be accelerated, and moved about by external electric and magnetic fields. Mass spectrometers are used in Chromatographs explained above, as well as in other analysis instruments. The associated components of a typical mass spectrometer are: Ion Source: A small sample is ionized, usually to cations by loss of an electron. Mass Analyzer: The ions are sorted and separated according to their mass and charge. Detector: The separated ions are measured and results displayed on a chart. Ions are very reactive and short-lived, therefore their formation and manipulation must be conducted in a vacuum. The pressure under which ions may be handled is roughly 10-5 to 10-8 torr. The three tasks listed above may be accomplished in different ways. In one common procedure, ionization is effected by a high energy beam of electrons, and ion separation is achieved by accelerating and focusing the ions in a beam, which is then bent by an external magnetic field. The ions are then detected electronically and the resulting information is stored and analyzed in a computer. The heart of the spectrometer is the ion source. Here molecules of the sample are bombarded by electrons emanating from a heated filament. This is called an electron source. Gases and volatile liquid samples are allowed to leak into the ion source from a reservoir and non-volatile solids and liquids may be introduced directly. Cations formed by the electron bombardment are pushed away by a charged repeller plate (anions are attracted to it), and accelerated toward other electrodes, having slits through which the ions pass as a beam. Some of these ions fragment into smaller cations and neutral fragments. A perpendicular magnetic field deflects the ion beam in an arc whose radius is inversely proportional to the mass of each ion. Lighter ions are deflected more than heavier ions. By varying the strength of the magnetic field, ions of different mass can be focused progressively on a detector fixed at the end of a curved tube under a high vacuum. A mass spectrum is displayed as a vertical bar graph, each bar representing an ion having a specific mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) and the length of the bar indicates the relative abundance of the ion. The most intense ion is assigned an abundance of 100, and it is referred to as the base peak. Most of the ions formed in a mass spectrometer have a single charge, so the m/z value is equivalent to mass itself. Modern mass spectrometers have very high resolutions and can easily distinguish ions differing by only a single atomic mass unit (amu). A RESIDUAL GAS ANALYZER (RGA) is a small and rugged mass spectrometer. We have explained mass spectrometers above. RGAs are designed for process control and contamination monitoring in vacuum systems such as research chambers, surface science setups, accelerators, scanning microscopes. Utilizing quadrupole technology, there are two implementations, utilizing either an open ion source (OIS) or a closed ion source (CIS). RGAs are used in most cases to monitor the quality of the vacuum and easily detect minute traces of impurities possessing sub-ppm detectability in the absence of background interferences. These impurities can be measured down to (10)Exp -14 Torr levels, Residual Gas Analyzers are also used as sensitive in-situ, helium leak detectors. Vacuum systems require checking of the integrity of the vacuum seals and the quality of the vacuum for air leaks and contaminants at low levels before a process is initiated. Modern residual gas analyzers come complete with a quadrupole probe, electronics control unit , and a real-time Windows software package that is used for data acquisition and analysis, and probe control. Some software supports multiple head operation when more than one RGA is needed. Simple design with a small number of parts will minimize outgassing and reduce the chances of introducing impurities into your vacuum system. Probe designs using self-aligning parts will ensure easy reassembled after cleaning. LED indicators on modern devices provide instant feedback on the status of the electron multiplier, filament, electronics system and the probe. Long-life, easily changeable filaments are used for electron emission. For increased sensitivity and faster scan rates, an optional electron multiplier is sometimes offered that detects partial pressures down to 5 × (10)Exp -14 Torr. Another attractive feature of residual gas analyzers is the built-in degassing feature. Using electron impact desorption, the ion source is thoroughly cleaned, greatly reducing the ionizer's contribution to background noise. With a large dynamic range the user can make measurements of small and large gas concentrations simultaneously. A MOISTURE ANALYZER determines the remaining dry mass after a drying process with infrared energy of the original matter which is previously weighed. Humidity is calculated in relation to the weight of the wet matter. During the drying process, the decrease of moisture in the material is shown on the display. The moisture analyzer determines moisture and the amount of dry mass as well as the consistency of volatile and fixed substances with high accuracy. The weighing system of the moisture analyzer possesses all the properties of modern balances. These metrology tools are used in the industrial sector to analyze pastes, wood, adhesive materials, dust,…etc. There are many applications where trace moisture measurements are necessary for manufacturing and process quality assurance. Trace moisture in solids must be controlled for plastics, pharmaceuticals and heat treatment processes. Trace moisture in gases and liquids need to be measured and controlled as well. Examples include dry air, hydrocarbon processing, pure semiconductor gases, bulk pure gases, natural gas in pipelines….etc. The loss on drying type analyzers incorporate an electronic balance with a sample tray and surrounding heating element. If the volatile content of the solid is primarily water, the LOD technique gives a good measure of moisture content. An accurate method for determining the amount of water is the Karl Fischer titration, developed by the German chemist. This method detects only water, contrary to loss on drying, which detects any volatile substances. Yet for natural gas there are specialized methods for the measurement of moisture, because natural gas poses a unique situation by having very high levels of solid and liquid contaminants as well as corrosives in varying concentrations. MOISTURE METERS are test equipment for measuring the percentage of water in a substance or material. Using this information, workers in various industries determine if the material is ready for use, too wet or too dry. For example, wood and paper products are very sensitive to their moisture content. Physical properties including dimensions and weight are strongly affected by moisture content. If you are purchasing large quantities of wood by weight, it will be a wise thing to measure the moisture content to make sure it is not intentionally watered to increase the price. Generally two basic types of moisture meters are available. One type measures the electrical resistance of the material, which becomes increasingly lower as the moisture content of it rises. With the electrical resistance type of moisture meter, two electrodes are driven into the material and the electrical resistance is translated into moisture content on the device’s electronic output. A second type of moisture meter relies on the dielectric properties of the material, and requires only surface contact with it. The ANALYTICAL BALANCE is a basic tool in quantitative analysis, used for the accurate weighing of samples and precipitates. A typical balance should be able to determine differences in mass of 0.1 milligram. In microanalyses the balance must be about 1,000 times more sensitive. For special work, balances of even higher sensitivity are available. The measuring pan of an analytical balance is inside a transparent enclosure with doors so that dust does not collect and air currents in the room do not affect the balance's operation. There is a smooth turbulence-free airflow and ventilation that prevents balance fluctuation and the measure of mass down to 1 microgram without fluctuations or loss of product. Maintaining consistent response throughout the useful capacity is achieved by maintaining a constant load on the balance beam, thus the fulcrum, by subtracting mass on the same side of the beam to which the sample is added. Electronic analytical balances measure the force needed to counter the mass being measured rather than using actual masses. Therefore they must have calibration adjustments made to compensate for gravitational differences. Analytical balances use an electromagnet to generate a force to counter the sample being measured and outputs the result by measuring the force needed to achieve balance. SPECTROPHOTOMETRY is the quantitative measurement of the reflection or transmission properties of a material as a function of wavelength, and SPECTROPHOTOMETER is the test equipment used for this purpose. The spectral bandwidth (the range of colors it can transmit through the test sample), the percentage of sample-transmission, the logarithmic range of sample-absorption and percentage of reflectance measurement are critical for spectrophotometers. These test instruments are widely used in optical component testing where optical filters, beam splitters, reflectors, mirrors…etc need to be evaluated for their performance. There are many other applications of spectrophotometers including the measurement of transmission and reflection properties of pharmaceutical and medical solutions, chemicals, dyes, colors……etc. These tests ensure consistency from batch to batch in production. A spectrophotometer is able to determine, depending on the control or calibration, what substances are present in a target and their quantities through calculations using observed wavelengths. The range of wavelengths covered is generally between 200 nm - 2500 nm using different controls and calibrations. Within these ranges of light, calibrations are needed on the machine using specific standards for the wavelengths of interest. There are two major types of spectrophotometers, namely single beam and double beam. Double beam spectrophotometers compare the light intensity between two light paths, one path containing a reference sample and the other path containing the test sample. A single-beam spectrophotometer on the other hand measures the relative light intensity of the beam before and after a test sample is inserted. Although comparing measurements from double-beam instruments are easier and more stable, single-beam instruments can have a larger dynamic range and are optically simpler and more compact. Spectrophotometers can be installed also into other instruments and systems which can help users to perform in-situ measurements during production…etc. The typical sequence of events in a modern spectrophotometer can be summarized as: First the light source is imaged upon the sample, a fraction of the light is transmitted or reflected from the sample. Then the light from the sample is imaged upon the entrance slit of the monochromator, which separates the wavelengths of light and focuses each of them onto the photodetector sequentially. The most common spectrophotometers are UV & VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETERS which operate in the ultraviolet and 400–700 nm wavelength range. Some of them cover the near-infrared region too. On the other hand, IR SPECTROPHOTOMETERS are more complicated and expensive because of the technical requirements of measurement in the infrared region. Infrared photosensors are more valuable and Infrared measurement is also challenging because almost everything emits IR light as thermal radiation, especially at wavelengths beyond about 5 m. Many materials used in other types of spectrophotometers such as glass and plastic absorb infrared light, making them unfit as the optical medium. Ideal optical materials are salts such as potassium bromide, which do not absorb strongly. A POLARIMETER measures the angle of rotation caused by passing polarized light through an optically active material. Some chemical materials are optically active, and polarized (unidirectional) light will rotate either to the left (counter-clockwise) or right (clockwise) when passed through them. The amount by which the light is rotated is called the angle of rotation. One popular application, concentration and purity measurements are made to determine product or ingredient quality in the food, beverage and pharmaceutical industries. Some samples that display specific rotations that can be calculated for purity with a polarimeter include the Steroids, Antibiotics, Narcotics, Vitamins, Amino Acids, Polymers, Starches, Sugars. Many chemicals exhibit a unique specific rotation which can be used to distinguish them. A Polarimeter can identify unknown specimens based on this if other variables like concentration and length of sample cell are controlled or at least known. On the other hand, if the specific rotation of a sample is already known, then the concentration and/or purity of a solution containing it can be calculated. Automatic polarimeters calculate these once some input on variables are entered by the user. A REFRACTOMETER is a piece of optical test equipment for the measurement of index of refraction. These instruments measure the extent to which light is bent, i.e. refracted when it moves from air into the sample and are typically used to determine the refractive index of samples. There are five types of refractometers: traditional handheld refractometers, digital handheld refractometers, laboratory or Abbe refractometers, inline process refractometers and finally Rayleigh Refractometers for measuring the refractive indices of gases. Refractometers are widely used in various disciplines such as mineralogy, medicine, veterinary, automotive industry…..etc., to examine products as diverse as gemstones, blood samples, auto coolants, industrial oils. The refractive index is an optical parameter to analyze liquid samples. It serves to identify or confirm the identity of a sample by comparing its refractive index to known values, helps assess the purity of a sample by comparing its refractive index to the value for the pure substance, helps determine the concentration of a solute in a solution by comparing the solution's refractive index to a standard curve. Let us go briefly over the types of refractometers: TRADITIONAL REFRACTOMETERS take advantage of the critical angle principle by which a shadow line is projected onto a small glass thru prisms and lenses. The specimen is placed between a small cover plate and a measuring prism. The point at which the shadow line crosses the scale indicates the reading. There is automatic temperature compensation, because the refractive index varies based on temperature. DIGITAL HANDHELD REFRACTOMETERS are compact, lightweight, water and high temperature resistant testing devices. Measurement times are very short and in the range of two to three seconds only. LABORATORY REFRACTOMETERS are ideal for users planning to measure multiple parameters and get the outputs in various formats, take printouts. Laboratory refractometers offer a wider range and higher accuracy than handheld refractometers. They can be connected to computers and controlled externally. INLINE PROCESS REFRACTOMETERS can be configured to constantly collect specified statistics of the material remotely. The microprocessor control provides computer power that makes these devices very versatile, time-saving and economical. Finally, the RAYLEIGH REFRACTOMETER is used for measuring the refractive indices of gases. Quality of light is very important in the workplace, factory floor, hospitals, clinics, schools, public buildings and many other places. LUX METERS are used to measure luminuous intensity (brightness). Special optic filters match the spectral sensitivity of the human eye. Luminous intensity is measured and reported in foot-candle or lux (lx). One lux is equal to one lumen per square meter and one foot-candle is equal to one lumen per square foot. Modern lux meters are equipped with internal memory or a data logger to record the measurements, cosine correction of the angle of incident light and software to analyze readings. There are lux meters for measuring UVA radiation. High end version lux meters offer Class A status to meet CIE, graphic displays, statistical analysis functions, large measurement range up to 300 klx, manual or automatic range selection, USB and other outputs. A LASER RANGEFINDER is a test instrument which uses a laser beam to determine the distance to an object. Most laser rangefinders operation is based on the time of flight principle. A laser pulse is sent in a narrow beam towards the object and the time taken by the pulse to be reflected off the target and returned to the sender is measured. This equipment is not suitable however for high precision sub-millimeter measurements. Some laser rangefinders use the Doppler effect technique to determine whether the object is moving towards or away from the rangefinder as well as the object’s speed. The precision of a laser rangefinder is determined by the rise or fall time of the laser pulse and the speed of the receiver. Rangefinders that use very sharp laser pulses and very fast detectors are capable to measure the distance of an object to within a few millimeters. Laser beams will eventually spread over long distances due to the divergence of the laser beam. Also distortions caused by air bubbles in the air make it difficult to get an accurate reading of the distance of an object over long distances of more than 1 km in open and unobscured terrain and over even shorter distances in humid and foggy places. High end military rangefinders operate at ranges up to 25 km and are combined with binoculars or monoculars and can be connected to computers wirelessly. Laser rangefinders are used in 3-D object recognition and modelling, and a wide variety of computer vision-related fields such as time-of-flight 3D scanners offering high-precision scanning abilities. The range data retrieved from multiple angles of a single object can be used to produce complete 3-D models with as little error as possible. Laser rangefinders used in computer vision applications offer depth resolutions of tenths of millimeters or less. Many other application areas for laser rangefinders exist, such as sports, construction, industry, warehouse management. Modern laser measurement tools include functions such as capability to make simple calculations, such as the area and volume of a room, switching between imperial and metric units. An ULTRASONIC DISTANCE METER works on a similar principle as a laser distance meter, but instead of light it uses sound with a pitch too high for the human ear to hear. The speed of sound is only about 1/3 of a km per second, so the time measurement is easier. Ultrasound has many of the same advantages of a Laser Distance Meter, namely a single person and one-handed operation. There is no need to access the target personally. However ultrasound distance meters are intrinsically less accurate, because sound is far more difficult to focus than laser light. Accuracy is typically several centimeters or even worse, while it is a few millimeters for laser distance meters. Ultrasound needs a large, smooth, flat surface as the target. This is a severe limitation. You can’t measure to a narrow pipe or similar smaller targets. The ultrasound signal spreads out in a cone from the meter and any objects in the way can interfere with the measurement. Even with laser aiming, one cannot be sure that the surface from which the sound reflection is detected is the same as that where the laser dot is showing. This can lead to errors. Range is limited to tens of meters, whereas laser distance meters can measure hundreds of meters. Despite all these limitations, ultrasonic distance meters cost much less. Handheld ULTRASONIC CABLE HEIGHT METER is a test instrument for measuring cable sag, cable height and overhead clearance to ground. It is the safest method for cable height measurement because it eliminates cable contact and the use of heavy fiberglass poles. Similar to other ultrasonic distance meters, the cable height meter is a one-man simple operation device that sends ultrasound waves to target, measures time to echo, calculates distance based on speed of sound and adjusts itself for air temperature. A SOUND LEVEL METER is a testing instrument that measures sound pressure level. Sound level meters are useful in noise pollution studies for the quantification of different kinds of noise. The measurement of noise pollution is important in construction, aerospace, and many other industries. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) specifies sound level meters as three different types, namely 0, 1 and 2. The relevant ANSI standards set performance and accuracy tolerances according to three levels of precision: Type 0 is used in laboratories, Type 1 is used for precision measurements in the field, and Type 2 is used for general-purpose measurements. For compliance purposes, readings with an ANSI Type 2 sound level meter and dosimeter are considered to have an accuracy of ±2 dBA, whereas a Type 1 instrument has an accuracy of ±1 dBA. A Type 2 meter is the minimum requirement by OSHA for noise measurements, and is usually sufficient for general purpose noise surveys. The more accurate Type 1 meter is intended for the design of cost-effective noise controls. International industry standards related to frequency weighting, peak sound pressure levels….etc are beyond the scope here due to the details associated with them . Before purchasing a particular sound level meter, we advise that you make sure to know what standards compliance your workplace requires and make the right decision in purchasing a particular model of test instrument. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYZERS like TEMPERATURE & HUMIDITY CYCLING CHAMBERS, ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING CHAMBERS come in a variety of sizes, configurations and functions depending on the area of application, the specific industrial standards compliance needed and the end users needs. They can be configured and manufactured according to custom requirements. There is a broad range of test specifications such as MIL-STD, SAE, ASTM to help determine the most appropriate temperature humidity profile for your product. Temperature / humidity testing is generally carried out for : Accelerated Aging: Estimates the life of a product when actual lifespan is unknown under normal use. Accelerated aging exposes the product to high levels of controlled temperature, humidity, and pressure within a relatively shorter timeframe than the expected lifespan of the product. Instead of waiting long times and years to see product lifespan, one can determine it using these tests within a much shorter and reasonable time using these chambers. Accelerated Weathering: Simulates exposure from moisture, dew, heat, UV….etc. Weathering and UV exposure causes damage to coatings, plastics, inks, organic materials, devices…etc. Fading, yellowing, cracking, peeling, brittleness, loss of tensile strength, and delamination occur under prolonged UV exposure. Accelerated weathering tests are designed to determine if products will stand the test of time. Heat Soak/Exposure Thermal Shock: Aimed to determine the ability of materials, parts and components to withstand sudden changes in temperature. Thermal shock chambers rapidly cycle products between hot and cold temperature zones to see the effect of multiple thermal expansions and contractions as would be the case in nature or industrial environments throughout the many seasons and years. Pre & Post Conditioning: For conditioning of materials, containers, packages, devices…etc For details and other similar equipment, please visit our equipment website: http://www.sourceindustrialsupply.com CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

Micromanufacturing, Nanomanufacturing, Mesomanufacturing - Electronic & Magnetic Optical & Coatings, Thin Film, Nanotubes, MEMS, Microscale Fabrication Nanoscale & Microscale & Mesoscale Manufacturing Read More Our NANOMANUFACTURING, MICROMANUFACTURING and MESOMANUFACTURING processes can be categorized as: Surface Treatments and Modification Functional Coatings / Decorative Coatings / Thin Film / Thick Film Nanoscale Manufacturing / Nanomanufacturing Microscale Manufacturing / Micromanufacturing / Micromachining Mesoscale Manufacturing / Mesomanufacturing Microelectronics & Semiconductor Manufacturing and Fabrication Microfluidic Devices Manufacturing Micro-Optics Manufacturing Micro Assembly and Packaging Soft Lithography In every smart product designed today, one can consider an element that will increase efficiency, versatility, reduce power consumption, reduce waste, increase lifetime of the product and thus be environmentally friendly. For this purpose, AGS-TECH is focusing on a number of processes and products that can be incorporated into devices and equipment to achieve these goals. For example low-friction FUNCTIONAL COATINGS can reduce power consumption. Some other functional coating examples are scratch resistant coatings, anti-wetting SURFACE TREATMENTS and coatings (hydrophobic), wetness promoting (hydrophilic) surface treatment and coatings, anti-fungal coatings, diamond like carbon coatings for cutting and scribing tools, THIN FILMelectronic coatings, thin film magnetic coatings, multilayer optical coatings. In NANOMANUFACTURING or NANOSCALE MANUFACTURING, we produce parts at nanometer length scales. In practice it refers to manufacturing operations below micrometer scale. Nanomanufacturing is still in its infancy when compared to micromanufacturing, however the trend is in that direction and nanomanufacturing is definitely very important for the near future. Some applications of nanomanufacturing today are carbon nanotubes as reinforcing fibers for composite materials in bicycle frames, baseball bats and tennis racquets. Carbon nanotubes, depending on the orientation of the graphite in the nanotube, can act as semiconductors or conductors. Carbon nanotubes have very high current-carrying capability, 1000 times higher than silver or copper. Another application of nanomanufacturing is nanophase ceramics. By using nanoparticles in producing ceramic materials, we can simultaneously increase both the strength and ductility of the ceramic. Please click on the submenu for more information. MICROSCALE MANUFACTURING or MICROMANUFACTURING refers to our manufacturing and fabrication processes on a microscopic scale not visible to the naked eye. The terms micromanufacturing, microelectronics, microelectromechanical systems are not limited to such small length scales, but instead, suggest a material and manufacturing strategy. In our micromanufacturing operations some popular techniques we use are lithography, wet and dry etching, thin film coating. A wide variety of sensors & actuators, probes, magnetic hard-drive heads, microelectronic chips, MEMS devices such as accelerometers and pressure sensors among others are manufactured using such micromanufacturing methods. You will find more detailed information on these in the submenus. MESOSCALE MANUFACTURING or MESOMANUFACTURING refers to our processes for fabrication of miniature devices such as hearing aids, medical stents, medical valves, mechanical watches and extremely small motors. Mesoscale manufacturing overlaps both macro and micromanufacturing. Miniature lathes, with 1.5 Watt motor and dimensions of 32 x 25 x 30.5 mm and weights of 100 grams have been fabricated using mesoscale manufacturing methods. Using such lathes, brass has been machined to a diameter as small as 60 microns and surface roughnesses in the order of a micron or two. Other such miniature machine tools such as milling machines and presses have also been manufactured using mesomanufacturing. In MICROELECTRONICS MANUFACTURING we use the same techniques as in micromanufacturing. Our most popular substrates are silicon, and others like gallium arsenide, Indium Phosphide and Germanium are also used. Films/coatings of many types and especially conducting and insulating thin film coatings are used in the fabrication of microelectronic devices and circuits. These devices are usually obtained from multilayers. Insulating layers are generally obtained by oxidation such as SiO2. Dopants (both p and n) type are common and parts of the devices are doped in order to alter their electronic properties and obtain p and n type regions. Using lithography such as ultraviolet, deep or extreme ultraviolet photolithography, or X-ray, electron beam lithography we transfer geometric patterns defining the devices from a photomask/mask to the substrate surfaces. These lithography processes are applied several times in the micromanufacturing of microelectronic chips in order to achieve the required structures in the design. Also etching processes are carried out by which entire films or particular sections of films or substrate are removed. Briefly, by using various deposition, etching and multiple lithographic steps we obtain the multilayer structures on the supporting semiconductor substrates. After the wafers are processed and many circuits are microfabricated on them, the repetitive parts are cut and individual dies are obtained. Each die is thereafter wire bonded, packaged and tested and becomes a commercial microelectronic product. Some more details of microelectronics manufacturing can be found in our submenu, however the subject is very extensive and therefore we encourgae you to contact us in case you need product specific information or more details. Our MICROFLUIDICS MANUFACTURING operations are aimed at fabrication of devices and systems in which small volumes of fluids are handled. Examples of microfluidic devices are micro-propulsion devices, lab-on-a-chip systems, micro-thermal devices, inkjet printheads and more. In microfluidics we have to deal with the precise control and manipulation of fluids constrained to sub-milimeter regions. Fluids are moved, mixed, separated and processed. In microfluidic systems fluids are moved and controlled either actively using tiny micropumps and microvalves and the like or passively taking advantage of capillary forces. With lab-on-a-chip systems, processes which are normally carried out in a lab are miniaturized on a single chip in order to enhance efficiency and mobility as well as reduce sample and reagent volumes. We have the capability to design microfluidic devices for you and offer microfluidics prototyping & micromanufacturing custom tailored for your applications. Another promising field in microfabrication is MICRO-OPTICS MANUFACTURING. Micro-optics allows the manipulation of light and the management of photons with micron and sub-micron scale structures and components. Micro-optics allows us to interface the macroscopic world we live in with the microscopic world of opto- and nano-electronic data processing. Micro-optical components and subsystems find widespread applications in the following fields: Information technology: In micro-displays, micro-projectors, optical data storage, micro-cameras, scanners, printers, copiers…etc. Biomedicine: Minimally-invasive/point of care diagnostics, treatment monitoring, micro-imaging sensors, retinal implants. Lighting: Systems based on LEDs and other efficient light sources Safety and Security Systems: Infrared night vision systems for automotive applications, optical fingerprint sensors, retinal scanners. Optical Communication & Telecommunication: In photonic switches, passive fiber optic components, optical amplifiers, mainframe and personal computer interconnect systems Smart structures: In optical fiber-based sensing systems and much more As the most diverse engineering integration provider we pride ourselves with our capability to provide a solution for almost any consulting, engineering, reverse engineering, rapid prototyping, product development, manufacturing, fabrication and assembly needs. After micromanufacturing our components, very often we need to continue with MICRO ASSEMBLY & PACKAGING. This involves processes such as die attachment, wire bonding, connectorization, hermetic sealing of packages, probing, testing of packaged products for environmental reliability…etc. After micromanufacturing devices on a die, we attach the die to a more rugged foundation to ensure reliability. Frequently we use special epoxy cements or eutectic alloys to bond the die to its package. After the chip or die is bonded to its substrate, we connect it electrically to the package leads using wire bonding. One method is to use very thin gold wires from the package leads to bonding pads located around the perimeter of the die. Lastly we need to do the final packaging of the connected circuit. Depending on the application and operating environment, a variety of standard and custom manufactured packages are available for micromanufactured electronic, electro-optic, and microelectromechanical devices. Another micromanufacturing technique we use is SOFT LITHOGRAPHY, a term used for a number of processes for pattern transfer. A master mold is needed in all cases and is microfabricated using standard lithography methods. Using the master mold, we produce an elastomeric pattern / stamp. One variation of soft lithography is “microcontact printing”. The elastomer stamp is coated with an ink and pressed against a surface. The pattern peaks contact the surface and a thin layer of about 1 monolayer of the ink is transfered. This thin film monolayer acts as the mask for selective wet etching. A second variation is “microtransfer molding”, in which the recesses of the elastomer mold are filled with liquid polymer precursor and pushed against a surface. Once the polymer cures, we peel off the mold, leaving behind the desired pattern. Lastly a third variation is “micromolding in capillaries”, where the elastomer stamp pattern consists of channels that use capillary forces to wick a liquid polymer into the stamp from its side. Basically, a small amount of the liquid polymer is placed adjacent to the capillary channels and the capillary forces pull the liquid into the channels. Excess liquid polymer is removed and polymer inside the channels is allowed to cure. The stamp mold is peeled off and the product is ready. You can find more details about our soft lithography micromanufacturing techniques by clicking on the related submenu on the side of this page. If you are mostly interested in our engineering and research & development capabilities instead of manufacturing capabilities, then we invite you to also visit our engineering website http://www.ags-engineering.com Read More Read More Read More Read More Read More Read More Read More Read More Read More CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

Clutch, Brake, Friction Clutches, Belt Clutch, Dog Clutch, Hydraulic Clutch, Electromagnetic Clutch, Overruning Clutch, Wrap Spring Clutch, Frictional Brake Clutch & Brake Assembly CLUTCHES are a type of coupling that permit shafts to be connected or disconnected as desired. A CLUTCH is a mechanical device that transmits power and motion from one component (the driving member) to another (the driven member) when engaged, but can be disengaged when desired. Clutches are used whenever the transmission of power or motion needs to be controlled either in amount or over time (for example electric screwdrivers use clutches to limit how much torque is transmitted through; automobile clutches control transmitted engine power to the wheels). In simplest applications, clutches are employed in devices which have two rotating shafts (drive shaft or line shaft). In these devices, one shaft is typically attached to a motor or other type of power unit (the driving member) while the other shaft (the driven member) provides output power for work to be done. As an example, in a torque-controlled drill, one shaft is driven by a motor and the other drives a drill chuck. The clutch connects the two shafts so that they may be locked together and spin at the same speed (engaged), locked together but spinning at different speeds (slipping), or unlocked and spinning at different speeds (disengaged). We offer the following types of clutches: FRICTION CLUTCHES: - Multiple plate clutch - Wet & dry - Centrifugal - Cone clutch - Torque limiter BELT CLUTCH DOG CLUTCH HYDRAULIC CLUTCH ELECTROMAGNETIC CLUTCH OVERRUNING CLUTCH (FREEWHEEL) WRAP-SPRING CLUTCH Contact us for clutch assemblies to be used in your manufacturing line for motorcycles, automobiles, trucks, trailers, lawn movers, industrial machines...etc. BRAKES: A BRAKE is a mechanical device inhibiting motion. Most commonly brakes use friction to convert kinetic energy into heat, though other methods of energy conversion may also be employed. Regenerative braking converts much of the energy to electrical energy, which may be stored in batteries for later use. Eddy current brakes use magnetic fields to convert kinetic energy into electric current in the brake disc, fin, or rail, which is subsequently converted into heat. Other methods of brake systems convert kinetic energy into potential energy in such stored forms as pressurized air or pressurized oil. There are braking methods that transform kinetic energy into different forms, such as transferring the energy to a rotating flywheel. Generic Types of brakes we offer are: FRICTIONAL BRAKE PUMPING BRAKE ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKE We have the capability to design and fabricate custom clutch and break systems tailored to your application. - Download our catalog for Powder Clutches and Brakes and Tension Control System by CLICKING HERE - Download our catalog for Non-Excited Brakes by CLICKING HERE Click on the links below to download our catalog for: - Air Disk and Air Shaft Brakes & Clutches and Safety Disc Spring Brakes - pages 1 to 35 - Air Disk and Air Shaft Brakes & Clutches and Safety Disc Spring Brakes - pages 36 to 71 - Air Disk and Air Shaft Brakes & Clutches and Safety Disc Spring Brakes - pages 72 to 86 - Electromagnetic Clutch and Brakes CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

Vibration Meter - Tachometer - Accelerometer -Vibrometer- Nondestructive Testing - SADT-Mitech- AGS-TECH Inc. - NM - USA Vibration Meters, Tachometers VIBRATION METERS and NON-CONTACT TACHOMETERS are widely used in inspection, manufacturing, production, laboratory and R&D. Please download catalogs from colored links below and let us know the brand name and model number of the product of your choice. We can offer you brand new as well as refurbished / used vibration meters, tachometers at the most competitive prices: FLUKE Test Tools Catalog (includes vibration meters, vibration testers, laser shaft alignment tool) SADT-SINOAGE Brand Metrology and Test Equipment, please CLICK HERE. In this catalog you will find some high quality vibration meters and tachometers. The vibration meter is used to measure vibrations and oscillations in machines, installations, tools or components. Measurements of the vibration meter provides the following parameters: vibration acceleration, vibration velocity and vibration displacement. This way the vibration is recorded with great precision. They are mostly portable devices and the readings can be stored and retrieved for later use. Critical frequencies which can cause damage or disturbing noise level may be detected using a vibration meter. We sell and service a number of vibration meter and non-contact tachometer brands including SINOAGE, SADT. Modern versions of these test instruments are capable of simultaneously measuring and recording a variety of parameters such as temperature, humidity, pressure, 3-axis acceleration and light; their data logger record over millions of measured values, have optional microSD cards making the able to record even over a billion measured values. Many have selectable parameters, housings, external sensors, and USB-interfaces. WIRELESS VIBRATION METERS provide the comfort of transmitting data wirelessly from the tested machine to the receiver for inspection and analysis. VIBRATION TRANSMITTERS are perfect solutions for continuous monitoring. A vibration transmitter can be used for vibration monitoring of equipment in remote or hazardous locations. They are designed in rugged NEMA 4 rated cases. Programmable version are available. Other versions include the POCKET ACCELEROMETER to measure vibration velocity in machines and installations. MULTICHANNEL VIBRATION METERS to perform vibration measurements on multiple places at the same time. The vibration velocity, acceleration and expansion in a wide frequency range can be measured. The cables of the vibration sensors are long, so the vibration measuring device is able to record vibrations at different points of the component to be tested. Many vibration meters are used primarily to determine vibrations in machines and installations revealing vibration acceleration, vibration velocity and vibration displacement. With the help of these vibration meters, the technicians are able to quickly determine the current state of the machine and the causes of the vibrations, and make the necessary adjustments and assess new conditions afterwards. However some vibration meter models can be used in the same way, but they also have functions to analyze the FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM (FFT) and display if any specific frequencies are occurring within the vibrations. These are used preferably for investigation development of machines and installations or to take measurements over a period of time in a test environment. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) models can also determine and analyze the 'Harmonics' with ease and precision. Vibration meters are normally used for the control rotational axis of machinery so the technicians are able to determine and evaluate the development of an axis with accuracy. In cases of emergency, the axis may be modified and changed during a scheduled pause of the machine. Many factors can cause excessive vibration in rotating machinery such as worn out bearings and couplings, foundation damage, broken mounting bolts, misalignment and unbalance. A well scheduled vibration measurement procedure helps to detect and eliminate these failures early on before any serious machine problems occur. A TACHOMETER (also called a revolution-counter, RPM gauge) is an instrument that measures the rotation speed of a shaft or disk, as in a motor or machine. These devices display the revolutions per minute (RPM) on a calibrated analogue or digital dial or display. The term tachometer is usually restricted to mechanical or electrical instruments that indicate instantaneous values of speed in revolutions per minute, rather than devices that count the number of revolutions in a measured time interval and indicate only average values for the interval. There are CONTACT TACHOMETERS as well as NON-CONTACT TACHOMETERS (also referred to as a PHOTO TACHOMETER or LASER TACHOMETER or INFRARED TACHOMETER depending on the light source used). Yet some others are referred to as COMBINATION TACHOMETERS combining a contact and photo tachometer in one unit. Modern combination tachometers show reverse direction characters on display depending on contact or photo mode, use visible light to read several inches of distance from target, the memory/readings button holds the last reading and recalls min/max readings. Just as with vibration meters, there are many models of tachometers including multi-channel instruments for measuring speed at multiple locations simultaneously, wireless versions for providing information from remote locations….etc. RPM ranges for modern instruments vary from a few RPMs to hundred or hundreds of thousands of RPM values, they offer automatic range selection, auto-zero adjustment, values such as +/- 0.05% accuracy. Our vibration meters and non-contact tachometers from SADT are: Portable Vibration Meter SADT Model EMT220 : Integrated vibration transducer, annular shear type acceleration transducer (only for integrated type), separate, built-in electric charge amplifier, shear type acceleration transducer (only for separate type), temperature transducer, type K thermoelectric couple transducer (only for EMT220 with temperature measuring function). Device has root mean square detector, vibration measurement scale for displacement is 0.001~1.999 mm (peak to peak), for velocity is 0.01~19.99 cm/s (rms value), for acceleration is 0.1~199.9 m/s2 (peak value), for vibration acceleration is 199.9 m/s2 (peak value). Temperature measurement scale is -20~400°C (only for EMT220 with temperature-measuring function). Accuracy for vibration measurement: ±5% Measurement value ±2 Digits. Temperature measurement: ±1% Measurement value ±1 Digit, Vibration Frequency Range: 10~1 kHz (Normal type) 5~1 kHz (Low frequency type) 1~15 kHz (only at “HI” position for acceleration). Display is liquid crystal display (LCD), Sample period: 1 second, vibration measurement value readout: Displacement: Peak to peak value (r.m.s.×2squareroot2), Velocity: Root mean square (r.m.s.), Acceleration: Peak value (r.m.s.×squareroot 2), Readout-keeping function: Readout of vibration / temperature value can be remembered after releasing the Measure Key (Vibration / Temperature Switch), Output Signal: 2V AC (peak value) (load resistance above 10 k at full measuring scale), Power supply: 6F22 9V laminated cell, battery life about 30 hours for continuous use, Power on / off: Power up when pressing Measure Key (Vibration / Temperature Switch), power automatically shuts off after releasing the Measure Key for one minute, Operating conditions: Temperature: 0~50°C, Humidity: 90% RH , Dimensions:185mm×68mm×30mm, Net weight:200g Portable Optical Tachometer SADT Model EMT260 : Unique ergonomic design provides direct line-of-sight viewing of display and target, easily readable 5 digit LCD display, on-target and low battery indicator, maximum, minimum and last measurement of rotational speed, frequency, cycle, linear speed and counter. Speed Ranges: Rotational speed:1~99999r/min, Frequency: 0.0167~1666.6Hz, Cycle:0.6~60000ms, Counter:1~99999, Linear speed:0.1~3000.0m/min, 0.0017~16.666m/s, Accuracy:±0.005% of reading, Display:5 digit LCD display, Input signal:1-5VP-P Pulse Input, Output signal: TTL compatible Pulse Output, Power:2x1.5V batteries, Dimensions (LxWxH): 128mmx58mmx26mm, Net weight:90g For details and other similar equipment, please visit our equipment website: http://www.sourceindustrialsupply.com CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

Optical Connectors, Adapters, Terminators, Pigtails, Patchcords, Fiber Distribution Box, AGS-TECH Inc. - USA Optical Connectors & Interconnect Products We supply: • Optical connector assembly, adapters, terminators, pigtails, patchcords, connector faceplates, shelves, communication racks, fiber distribution box, FTTH node, optical platform. We have optical connector assembly and interconnection components for telecommunication, visible light transmission for illumination, endoscope, fiberscope and more. In recent years these optical interconnect products have become commodities and you can purchase these from us for a fraction of the prices you are probably paying now. Only those who are smart to keep procurement costs down can survive in today's global economy. CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

Industrial Workstations - Industrial Computer - Micro Computers - AGS-TECH Inc. - NM - USA Industrial Workstations & Micro Computers A WORKSTATION is a high-end MICROCOMPUTER designed and used for technical or scientific applications. The intention is that they are used by one person at a time, and are commonly connected to a local area network (LAN) and run multi-user operating systems. The term workstation has also been used by many to refer to a mainframe computer terminal or a PC connected to a network. In the past, workstations had offered higher performance than desktop computers, especially with respect to CPU and graphics, memory capacity and multitasking capability. Workstations are optimized for the visualization and manipulation of different types of complex data such as 3D mechanical design, engineering simulation (such as computational fluid dynamics), animation and rendering of images, mathematical plots…etc. Consoles consist at least of a high resolution display, a keyboard and a mouse, but may also offer multiple displays, graphics tablets, 3D mice (devices for manipulation and navigation of 3D objects and scenes), etc. Workstations are the first segment of the computer market to present advanced accessories and collaboration tools. Catalog for Vandal-Proof IP65/IP67/IP68 Keyboards, Keypads, Pointing Devices, ATM Pinpads, Medical & Military Keyboards and other similar Rugged Computer Peripherals To choose a suitable Industrial Workstation for your project, please go to our industrial computer store by CLICKING HERE. We offer both off-the-shelf as well as CUSTOM DESIGNED AND MANUFACTURED INDUSTRIAL WORKSTATIONS for industrial use. For mission critical applications we design and manufacture your industrial workstations according to your specific needs. We discuss your needs and requirements and provide you feedback and design proposals prior to building your computer system. We select one of a variety of rugged enclosures and determine the right computing horsepower that meets your needs. Industrial workstations can be supplied with active and passive PCI Bus backplanes that can be configured to support your ISA cards. Our spectrum covers from small 2 – 4 slot benchtop systems up to 2U, 4U or higher rackmount systems. We offer NEMA / IP RATED FULLY ENCLOSEDworkstations. Our industrial workstations outperform similar competitors systems in terms of the quality standards they meet, reliability, durability, long term use and are used in a variety of industries including the military, navy, marine, petroleum & gas, industrial processing, medical, pharmaceutical, transportation and logistics, semiconductor manufacturing. They are designed to be used in a wide variety of environmental conditions and industrial applications that require additional protection from dirt, dust, rain, sprayed water and other circumstances where corrosive materials such as salt water or caustic substances can be present. Our heavy-duty, ruggedly-built LCD computers and workstations are an ideal and dependable solution for use in poultry, fish or beef processing facilities where total wash-down with disinfectants occurs repeatedly, or in petrochemical refineries and offshore drilling platforms for oil & natural gas. Our NEMA 4X (IP66) models are gasket sealed and constructed from 316 stainless steel. Each system is engineered and assembled according to a completely sealed design using top quality 316 stainless steel for the outer enclosure and high-tech components inside each rugged PC. They come equipped with industrial grade bright TFT displays and resistive analog industrial touch-screens. Here we list some of the features of our popular industrial workstations: - Water and dust proof, corrosion resistant. Integrated with water proof keyboards - Rugged enclosed workstation, rugged motherboards - NEMA 4 (IP65) or NEMA 4X (IP66) environmental protection - Flexibility and options in mounting. Mounting types such as pedestal, bulkhead…etc. - Direct or KVM cabling to host - Powered by Intel Dual-Core or Atom processors - SATA fast access disk drive or solid state media - Windows or Linux operating systems - Expandability - Extended operational temperatures - Depending on customer preferences, input connectors can be located on the bottom, side or rear. - Models available in 15.0”, 17” & 19.0” - Superior sunlight readability - Integrated purge system for C1D1 applications as well as non-purged C1D2 designs - UL, CE, FC, RoHS, MET compliances Dowload brochure for our DESIGN PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE