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Non-Conventional Fabrication, ECM, EDM, PMC, Waterjet Machining, Laser, Plasma, EBM Machining, Ultrasonic Machining, Soldering, Welding, Brazing,Special Bonding Fabrication Non-Konvansiyonel Read More ECM Machining, Machining Electrochemical, Grinding Read More EDM Machining, Elektrîk-Daxistina Elektrîkê û Çêkirin Read More Machining Kîmyewî & Blanking Photochemical Read More Makînekirina Waterjet & Abrasive Waterjet & Abrasive-Jet Machining and Cutting Read More Laser Machining & Cutting & LBM Read More Machining & Cutting Plasma Read More Ultrasonic Machining & Rotary Ultrasonic Machining & Ultrasonic Impact Grinding Read More EBM Machining & Electron Beam Machining Read More Brazing & Soldering & Welding Read More Adhesive Bonding & Sealing & Fastening Mechanical Custom and Assembly Among the major NON-CONVENTIONAL FABRICATION techniques we offer are Electrochemical Fabrication (also called Electrochemical Machining or ECM), Electrical Discharge Machining or EDM, Water Jet Cutting, Abrasive Water Jet Cutting (WJ, AWJ), Laser Beam Machining (LBM), Electron Beam Machining (EBM), Ultrasonic Machining (USM), Plasma Machining, Photochemical Machining (abbreviated as PCM or also called Chemical Etching, Metal Etching, Chemical Milling, Chemical Machining), Soldering, Brazing, Welding, Specialty Bonding and Pickling. Sometimes, it is easier and more economical to get the work done by some chemicals, pressurized water jet or even light rather than using traditional techniques such as machining and stamping. On the submenu pages, you can find a summary of each of these alternative non-conventional fabrication techniques we are offering you. Non-conventional fabrication is also referred to as non-traditional fabrication. What distinguishes convention and non-conventional fabrication techniques ? – Generally speaking, conventional fabrication involves changing the shape of a work piece using an implement made of a harder material. Machining hard materials using conventional methods may require significant time and energy and result in high costs. In addition, conventional machining may lead to excessive tool wear and loss of quality in the product owing to induced residual stresses during manufacture. Therefore, especially for hard alloys, non-conventional fabrication techniques may be better alternatives. Whereas conventional fabrication processes generally use mechanical energy (motion), non-conventional fabrication processes utilize other forms of energy. Main forms of energy non-conventional fabrication processes use are: Thermal, Chemical and Electrical Energy. There can be a large number of advantages of non-conventional fabrication techniques over conventional methods. Just to name a few, non-conventional fabrication may involve quieter operation and no sound pollution, such as is the case with Chemical Machining. In non-conventional fabrication, material removal may occur with or without chip formation. For example, in Electrochemical Machining, material removal occurs due to electrochemical dissolution at atomic levels. Non-conventional fabrication may involve lower waste of material due to low or no wear as compared to conventional fabrication. On the other hand, non-conventional fabrication methods do have some disadvantages such as higher capital costs and the need for skilled operators. Also, non-conventional fabrication methods are not suitable for every type of material economically. Here is a downloadable guide comparing conventional and non-conventional fabrication methods: - A Brief Comparison of Conventional and Non-Conventional Fabrication Methods Since we are the World’s most diverse Global Custom Manufacturer, Integrator, Consolidator and Outsourcing Partner; we see it as our duty to determine technically the most suitable and economically the most feasible fabrication technique for your needs. Available techniques involve our non-conventional fabrication methods among others. In order to contract us to manufacture your products, you do not need to be an expert in non-conventional fabrication methods or any other production techniques. We are here to assist and guide you in the right direction. All you need is to contact us and provide as much information as possible about your production needs. We will review your input and determine whether conventional or non-conventional fabrication techniques will be the best fit for your products. We will take into consideration many factors such as lead times, number of parts to be produced, costs, dimensional specifications of your parts and products, material properties and requirements and determine which non-conventional or conventional fabrication technique or techniques will be the best fit. For almost all fabrication techniques, whether it be conventional or non-conventional, we do use CAD/CAM and automated CNC machines as well as manual machines. Sometimes manual machinery is more suitable and practical while for high volume orders automated CNCs are deployed exclusively. We have prepared a brochure below which you can download as a reference source for frequently used mechanical engineering terms: - Download brochure for Common Mechanical Engineering Terms used by Designers and Engineers If you are mostly interested in our engineering and research & development capabilities instead of manufacturing capabilities, then we invite you to visit our engineering website http://www.ags-engineering.com (On our engineering website you can find details about our engineering services such as design, product development, consulting…etc.) CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service RÛPERA BERÊ

Pneumatic Reservoirs, Hydraulic Reservoir, Vacuum Chambers, Tanks, High Vacuum Chamber, Hydraulics & Pneumatics System Components Manufacturing at AGS-TECH Inc. Reservoir & Odeyên ji bo Hîdraulîk & Pneumatîk & Vacuum New designs of hydraulic and pneumatic systems require smaller and smaller RESERVOIRS than the traditional ones. We specialize in reservoirs that will meet your industrial needs and standards and are as compact as possible. High vacuum is expensive, and therefore the smallest VACUUM CHAMBERS that will fulfill your needs are the most appealing in most cases. We specialize in modular vacuum chambers and equipment and can offer you solutions on an ongoing basis as your business grows. HYDRAULIC & PNEUMATIC RESERVOIRS: Fluid power systems require air or liquid to transmit energy. Pneumatic systems use the air as the source for reservoirs. A compressor takes in atmospheric air, compresses it and then stores it in a receiver tank. A receiver tank is similar to a hydraulic system’s accumulator. A receiver tank stores energy for future use similar to a hydraulic accumulator. This is possible because air is a gas and is compressible. At the end of the work cycle the air is simply returned to the atmosphere. Hydraulic systems, on the other hand, need a finite amount of liquid fluid that must be stored and reused continually as the circuit works. Reservoirs are therefore part of almost any hydraulic circuit. Hydraulic reservoirs or tanks may be part of the machine framework or a separate stand-alone unit. The design and application of reservoirs is very important. The efficiency of a well-designed hydraulic circuit can be greatly reduced by poor reservoir design. Hydraulic reservoirs do much more than just providing a place to store fluid. FUNCTIONS OF PNEUMATIC & HYDRAULIC RESERVOIRS: In addition to holding in reserve enough fluid to supply a system's varying needs, a reservoir provides: -A large surface area for transferring heat from the fluid to the surrounding environment. -Sufficient volume to let returning fluid slow down from a high velocity. This allows heavier contaminants to settle down and facilitates air escape. Air space above the fluid can accept air that bubbles out of the fluid. Users get access to remove used fluid and contaminants from the system and can add new fluid. -A physical barrier separating fluid entering the reservoir from fluid entering the pump suction line. -Space for hot-fluid expansion, gravity drain-back from a system during shutdown, and storage of large volumes needed intermittently during peak periods of operation -In some cases, a convenient surface to mount other system components and components. COMPONENTS OF RESERVOIRS: The filler-breather cap should include a filter media to block contaminants as the fluid level lowers and rises during a cycle. If the cap is used for filling, it should have a filter screen in its neck to catch large particles. It is best to pre-filter any fluid entering reservoirs. The drain plug is removed and tank emptied when the fluid needs to be changed. At this time, the clean-out covers should be removed to provide access to clean out all stubborn residue, rust, and flaking that may have accumulated in the reservoir. The clean-out covers and internal baffle are assembled together, with some brackets to keep the baffle upright. Rubber gaskets seal the clean-out covers to prevent leaks. If the system is seriously contaminated, one must flush all pipes and actuators while changing the tank fluid. This can be done by disconnecting the return line and placing its end in a drum, then cycling the machine. Sight glasses on reservoirs make it easy to visually check fluid levels. Calibrated sight gauges provide even more accuracy. Some sight gauges include a fluid-temperature gauge. The return line should be located in the same end of the reservoir as the inlet line and on the opposite side of the baffle. Return lines should terminate below fluid level to reduce turbulence and aeration in reservoirs. The open end of the return line should be cut at 45 degrees to eliminate the chances of stopping flow if it gets pushed to the bottom. Alternatively the opening can be pointed toward the side wall to get the maximum heat-transfer surface contact possible. In cases where hydraulic reservoirs are part of the machine base or body, it may not be possible to incorporate some of these features. Reservoirs are occasionally pressurized because pressurized reservoirs provide the positive inlet pressure required by some pumps, usually in line piston types. Also pressurized reservoirs force fluid into a cylinder through an undersized pre-fill valve. This may require pressures between 5 and 25 psi and one cannot use conventional rectangular reservoirs. Pressurizing reservoirs keeps out contaminates. If the reservoir always has a positive pressure in it there is no way for atmospheric air with its contaminants to enter. Pressure for this application is very low, between 0.1 to 1.0 psi, and may be acceptable even in rectangular model reservoirs. In a hydraulic circuit, wasted horsepower needs to be calculated in order to determine heat generation. In highly efficient circuits the wasted horsepower could be low enough to use the reservoirs cooling capacities to keep maximum operating temperatures below 130 F. If heat generation is slightly higher than what standard reservoirs can handle, it may be best to oversize the reservoirs rather than adding heat exchangers. Oversized reservoirs are less expensive than heat exchangers; and avoid the cost of installing water lines. Most industrial hydraulic units operate in warm indoor environments and therefore low temperatures are not a problem. For circuits that see temperatures below 65 to 70 F., some sort of fluid heater is recommended. The most common reservoir heater is an electric-powered immersion type unit. These reservoir heaters consist of resistive wires in a steel housing with a mounting option. Integral thermostatic control is available. Another way to electrically heat reservoirs is with a mat that has heating elements like electric blankets. This type heaters require no ports in the reservoirs for insertion. They evenly heat the fluid during times of low or no fluid circulation. Heat can be introduced through a heat exchanger by using hot water or steam The exchanger becomes a temperature controller when it also uses cooling water to take away heat when needed. Temperature controllers are not a common option in most climates because the majority of industrial applications operate in controlled environments. Always consider first if there is any way to reduce or eliminate unnecessarily generated heat, so it does not have to be paid for twice. It is costly to produce the unused heat and it is also expensive to get rid of it after it enters the system. Heat exchangers are costly, the water running through them is not free, and maintenance of this cooling system can be high. Components such as flow controls, sequence valves, reducing valves, and undersized directional control valves can add heat to any circuit and should be carefully thought about when designing. After calculating wasted horsepower, review catalogs that include charts for given size heat exchangers showing the amount of horsepower and/or BTU they can remove at different flows, oil temperatures, and ambient air temperatures. Some systems use a water-cooled heat exchanger in the summer and an air-cooled one in the winter. Such arrangements eliminate plant heating in summer weather and save on heating costs in the winter. SIZING OF RESERVOIRS: The volume of a reservoir is a very important consideration . A rule of thumb for sizing a hydraulic reservoir is that its volume should equal three times the rated output of the system's fixed-displacement pump or mean flow rate of its variable-displacement pump. As an example, a system using a 10 gpm pump should have a 30 gal reservoir. This is nevertheless only a guideline for initial sizing. Due to modern day system technology, design objectives have changed for economic reasons, such as space saving, minimizing oil usage, and overall system cost reductions. Regardless of whether you choose to follow the traditional rule of thumb or follow the trend toward smaller reservoirs, be aware of parameters that may influence the reservoir size required. As an example, some circuit components such as large accumulators or cylinders may involve large volumes of fluid. Therefore, larger reservoirs may be needed so that fluid level does not drop below the pump inlet regardless of pump flow. Systems exposed to high ambient temperatures also require larger reservoirs unless they incorporate heat exchangers. Be sure to consider the substantial heat that can be generated within a hydraulic system. This heat is generated when the hydraulic system produces more power than is consumed by the load. The size of reservoirs, therefore, is determined primarily by the combination of highest fluid temperature and highest ambient temperature. All other factors being equal, the smaller the temperature difference between the two temperatures, the larger the surface area and hence the volume needed to dissipate heat from fluid to the surrounding environment. If the ambient temperature exceeds the fluid temperature, a heat exchanger will be needed to cool the fluid. For applications where space conservation is important, heat exchangers can reduce reservoir size and cost significantly. If reservoirs are not full at all times, they may not be dissipating heat through their full surface area. Reservoirs should contain at least 10% additional space of fluid capacity. This allows for thermal expansion of the fluid and gravity drain-back during shutdown, yet still provides a free fluid surface for deaeration. Maximum fluid capacity of reservoirs are marked permanently on their top plate. Smaller reservoirs are lighter, more compact, and less expensive to manufacture and maintain than one of traditional size and they are environmentally more friendly by reducing the total amount of fluid that can leak from a system. However specifying smaller reservoirs for a system must be accompanied by modifications that compensate for the lower volumes of fluid contained in the reservoirs. Smaller reservoirs have less surface area for heat transfer, and therefore heat exchangers may be necessary to maintain fluid temperatures within requirements. Also, in smaller reservoirs contaminants will not have as much opportunity for settling, so high-capacity filters will be required to trap contaminants. Traditional reservoirs provide the opportunity for air to escape from fluid before it is drawn into the pump inlet. Providing too small reservoirs could result in aerated fluid being drawn into the pump. This could damage the pump. When specifying a small reservoir, consider installing a flow diffuser, which reduces the velocity of return fluid, and helps prevent foaming and agitation, thus reducing potential pump cavitation from flow disturbances at the inlet. Another method you can use is to install a screen at an angle in the reservoirs. The screen collects small bubbles, which join with others to form large bubbles that rise to the fluid's surface. Nevertheless the most efficient and economical method to prevent aerated fluid from being drawn into the pump is to prevent aeration of fluid in the first place by paying careful attention to fluid flow paths, velocities, and pressures when designing a hydraulic system. VACUUM CHAMBERS: While it is sufficient to manufacture most of our hydraulic and pneumatic reservoirs by sheet metal forming due to the relatively low pressures involved, some or even most of our vacuum chambers are machined from metals. Very low pressure vacuum systems must endure high external pressures from the atmosphere and cannot be made of sheet metals, plastic moulds or other fabrication techniques that reservoirs are made of. Therefore vacuum chambers are relatively more expensive than reservoirs in most cases. Also sealing of vacuum chambers is a greater challenge as compared to reservoirs in most cases because gas leaks into the chamber is hard to control. Even minute amounts of air leak into some vacuum chambers can be disastrous while most pneumatic and hydraulic reservoirs can tolerate some leakage easily. AGS-TECH is a specialist in high and ultra high vacuum chambers and equipment. We provide our clients the highest quality in engineering and fabrication of high vacuum and ultra high vacuum chambers and equipment. Excellence is assured through control of the entire process from; CAD design, fabrication, leak-testing, UHV cleaning and bake-out with RGA scan when required. We do provide off the shelf catalogue items, as well as work closely with clients to provide custom vacuum equipment and chambers. Vacuum Chambers can be manufactured in Stainless steel 304L/ 316L & 316LN or machined from Aluminum. High vacuum can accommodate small vacuum housings as well as large vacuum chambers with several meters of dimensions. We offer fully integrated vacuum systems-manufactured to your specifications, or designed & built to your requirements. Our vacuum chamber manufacturing lines deploy TIG welding and extensive machine shop facilities with 3, 4 & 5 axis machining to process hard to machine refractory material such as tantalum, molybdenum to high temperature ceramics such as boron and macor. In addition to these complex chambers we are always ready to consider your requests for smaller vacuum reservoirs. Reservoirs and canisters for both low and high vacuum can be designed and supplied. As we are the most diverse custom manufacturer, engineering integrator, consolidator and outsourcing partner; you can contact us for any of your standard as well as complicated new projects involving reservoirs and chambers for hydraulics, pneumatics and vacuum applications. We can design reservoirs and chambers for you or use your existing designs and turn them into products. In any case, getting our opinion on hydraulic and pneumatic reservoirs and vacuum chambers and accessories for your projects will only be to your benefit. - Hydraulic Reservoirs with Private Label (We can put your company name as the brand and your company logo on these. This way you can market your brand name when selling or using these) CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service RÛPERA BERÊ

Casting and Machined Parts, CNC Manufacturing, Milling, Turning, Swiss Type Machining, Die Casting, Investment Casting, Lost Foam Cast Parts from AGS-TECH Inc. Casting and Machining Our custom casting and machining techniques are expendable and non-expendable castings, ferrous and nonferrous casting, sand, die, centrifugal, continuous, ceramic mold, investment, lost foam, near-net-shape, permanent mold (gravity die casting), plaster mold (plaster casting) and shell castings, machined parts produced by milling and turning using conventional as well as CNC equipment, swiss type machining for high throughput inexpensive small precision parts, screw machining for fasteners, non-conventional machining. Please keep in mind that besides metals and metal alloys, we machine ceramic, glass and plastic components as well in some cases when manufacturing a mould is not appealing or not the option. Machining of polymer materials requires the specialized experience we have because of the challenge plastics and rubber presents due to their softness, non-rigidity...etc. For machining of ceramic and glass, please see our page on Non-Conventional Fabrication. AGS-TECH Inc. manufactures and supplies both lightweight and heavy castings. We have been supplying metal castings and machined parts for boilers, heat exchangers, automobiles, micromotors, wind turbines, food packaging equipment and more. We recommend that you click here to DOWNLOAD our Schematic Illustrations of Machining and Casting Processes by AGS-TECH Inc. This will help you better understand the information we are providing you below. Let’s look at some of the various techniques we offer in detail: • EXPENDABLE MOLD CASTING : This broad category refers to methods that involve temporary and non-reusable molds. Examples are sand, plaster, shell, investment (also called lost-wax) and plaster casting. • SAND CASTING : A process where sand is used as the mold material. A very old method and still very popular to the extent that the majority of metal castings produced are made by this technique . Low cost even at low quantity production. Suitable for small and large parts manufacturing. The technique can be used to manufacture parts within days or weeks with very little investment. The moist sand is bonded together using clay, binders or special oils. Sand is generally contained in mold boxes and cavity & gate system are created by compacting the sand around models. The processes are: 1.) Placing of the model in sand to make the mold 2.) Incorporation of model and sand in a gating system 3.) Removal of model 4.) Filling of mold cavity with molten metal 5.) Cooling of the metal 6.) Breaking the sand mold and removal of the casting • PLASTER MOLD CASTING : Similar to sand casting, and instead of sand, plaster of paris is being used as the mold material. Short production lead times like sand casting and inexpensive. Good dimensional tolerances and surface finish. Its major disadvantage is that it can only be used with low melting point metals like aluminum and zinc. • SHELL MOLD CASTING : Also similar to sand casting. Mold cavity obtained by hardened shell of sand and thermosetting resin binder instead of flask filled with sand as in sand casting process. Almost any metal suitable to be cast by sand can be cast by shell molding. The process can be summarized as: 1.) Manufacturing of the shell mold. Sand used is of a much smaller grain size when compared to sand used in sand casting. The fine sand is mixed with thermosetting resin. The metal pattern is coated with a parting agent to make removal of the shell easier. Thereafter the metal pattern is heated and the sand mixture is pored or blown onto the hot casting pattern. A thin shell forms on the surface of the pattern. The thickness of this shell can be adjusted by varying the length of time the sand resin mixture is in contact with the metal pattern. The loose sand is then removed with the shell covered pattern remaining. 2.) Next, the shell and pattern are heated in an oven so that the shell hardens. After hardening is complete, the shell is ejected from pattern using pins built into the pattern. 3.) Two such shells are assembled together by gluing or clamping and make up the complete mold. Now the shell mold is inserted into a container in which it is supported by sand or metal shot during the casting process. 4.) Now the hot metal can be poured into the shell mold. Advantages of shell casting are products with very good surface finish, possibility of manufacturing complex parts with high dimensional accuracy, process easy to automate, economical for large volume production. Disadvantages are the molds necessitate good ventilation because of gases that are created when molten metal contacts the binder chemical, the thermosetting resins and metal patterns are expensive. Due to the cost of metal patterns, the technique may not suit well for low quantity production runs. • INVESTMENT CASTING ( also known as LOST-WAX CASTING ): Also a very old technique and suitable for manufacturing quality parts with high accuracy, repeatability, versatility and integrity from many metals, refractory materials and special high performance alloys. Small as well as large sized parts can be produced. An expensive process when compared to some of the other methods, but major advantage is the possibility to produce parts with near net shape, intricate contours and details. So the cost is somewhat offset by the elimination of rework and machining in some cases. Even though there can be variations, here is a summary of the general investment casting process: 1.) Creation of original master pattern from wax or plastic. Each casting needs one pattern as these are destroyed in the process. Mold from which patterns are manufactured is also needed and most of the time the mold is cast or machined. Because the mold does not need to be opened, complex castings can be achieved, many wax patterns can be connected like the branches of a tree and poured together, thus enabling production of multiple parts from a single pouring of the metal or metal alloy. 2.) Next, the pattern is dipped or poured over with a refractory slurry composed of very fine grained silica, water, binders. This results in a ceramic layer over the surface of the pattern. The refractory coat on pattern is left to dry and harden. This step is where the name investment casting comes from: Refractory slurry is invested over the wax pattern. 3.) At this step, the hardened ceramic mould is turned upside down and heated so that the wax melts and pours out of the mould. A cavity is left behind for the metal casting. 4.) After the wax is out, the ceramic mold is heated to even a higher temperature which results in strengthening of the mold. 5.) Metal casting is poured into the hot mold filling all intricate sections. 6.) Casting is allowed to solidify 7.) Finally the ceramic mould is broken and manufactured parts are cut from the tree. Here is a link to Investment Casting Plant Brochure • EVAPORATIVE PATTERN CASTING : The process uses a pattern made from a material such as polystyrene foam that will evaporate when hot molten metal is poured into the mold. There are two types of this process: LOST FOAM CASTING which uses unbonded sand and FULL MOLD CASTING which uses bonded sand. Here are the general process steps: 1.) Manufacture the pattern from a material such as polystyrene. When large quantities will be manufactured, the pattern is molded. If part has a complex shape, several sections of such foam material may need to be adhered together to form the pattern. We often coat the pattern with a refractory compound to create a good surface finish on the casting. 2.) The pattern is then put into molding sand. 3.) The molten metal is poured into the mould, evaporating the foam pattern, i.e. polystyrene in most cases as it flows through the mold cavity. 4.) The molten metal is left in the sand mold to harden. 5.) After it is hardened, we remove the casting. In some cases, the product we manufacture requires a core within the pattern. In evaporative casting, there is no need to place and secure a core in the mold cavity. The technique is suitable for manufacturing of very complex geometries, it can be easily automated for high volume production, and there are no parting lines in the cast part. The basic process is simple and economical to implement. For large volume production, since a die or mold is needed to produce the patterns from polystyrene, this may be somewhat costly. • NON-EXPANDABLE MOLD CASTING : This broad category refers to methods where the mold does not need to be reformed after each production cycle. Examples are permanent, die, continuous and centrifugal casting. Repeatability is obtained and parts can be characterized as NEAR NET SHAPE. • PERMANENT MOLD CASTING : Reusable molds made from metal are used for multiple castings. A permanent mold can generally be used for tens of thousands of times before it wears out. Gravity, gass pressure or vacuum are generally used to fill the mould. Molds (also called die) is generally made of iron, steel, ceramic or other metals. The general process is: 1.) Machine and create the mould. It is common to machine the mold out of two metal blocks that fit together and can be opened and closed. Both the part features as well as the gating system is generally machined into the casting mould. 2.) The internal mold surfaces are coated with a slurry incorporating refractory materials. This helps to control heat flow and acts as a lubricant for easy removal of the cast part. 3.) Next, the permanent mold halves are closed and the mold is heated. 4.) Molten metal is poured into mould and let still for solidification. 5.) Before much cooling occurs, we remove the part from permanent mold using ejectors when mold halves are opened. We frequently use permanent mold casting for low melting point metals such as zinc and aluminum. For steel castings, we use graphite as mold material. We sometimes obtain complex geometries using cores within permanent molds. Advantages of this technique are castings with good mechanical properties obtained by rapid cooling, uniformity in properties, good accuracy and surface finish, low reject rates, possibility of automating the process and producing high volumes economically. Disadvantages are high initial setup costs which make it unsuitable for low volume operations, and limitations on the size of the parts manufactured. • DIE CASTING : A die is machined and molten metal is pushed under high pressure into mold cavities. Both nonferrous as well as ferrous metal die castings are possible. The process is suitable for high quantity production runs of small to medium sized parts with details, extremely thin walls, dimensional consistency and good surface finish. AGS-TECH Inc. is capable to manufacture wall thicknesses as small as 0.5 mm using this technique. Like in permanent mold casting, the mold needs to consist of two halves that can open and close for removal of part produced. A die casting mold may have multiple cavities to enable production of multiple castings with each cycle. Die casting molds are very heavy and much larger than the parts they produce, therefore also expensive. We repair and replace worn out dies free of charge for our customers as long as they reorder their parts from us. Our dies have long lifetimes in the several hundred thousand cycles range. Here are the basic simplified process steps: 1.) Production of the mold generally from steel 2.) Mold installed on die casting machine 3.) The piston forces molten metal to flow in the die cavities filling out the intricate features and thin walls 4.) After filling the mold with the molten metal, the casting is let hardened under pressure 5.) Mold is opened and casting removed with the help of ejector pins. 6.) Now the empty die are lubricated again and are clamped for the next cycle. In die casting, we frequently use insert molding where we incorporate an additional part into the mold and cast the metal around it. After solidification, these parts become part of the cast product. Advantages of die casting are good mechanical properties of the parts, possibility of intricate features, fine details and good surface finish, high production rates, easy automation. Disadvantages are: Not very suitable for low volume because of high die and equipment cost, limitations in shapes that can be cast, small round marks on cast parts resulting from contact of ejector pins, thin flash of metal squeezed out at the parting line, need for vents along the parting line between the die, necessity to keep mold temperatures low using water circulation. • CENTRIFUGAL CASTING : Molten metal is poured into the center of the rotating mold at the axis of rotation. Centrifugal forces throw the metal towards the periphery and it is let to solidify as the mold keeps rotating. Both horizontal and vertical axis rotations can be used. Parts with round inner surfaces as well as other non-round shapes can be cast. The process can be summarized as: 1.) Molten metal is poured into centrifugal mould. The metal is then forced to the outer walls due to spinning of the mold. 2.) As the mold rotates, the metal casting hardens Centrifugal casting is a suitable technique for production of hollow cylindirical parts like pipes, no need for sprues, risers and gating elements, good surface finish and detailed features, no shrinkage issues, possibility to produce long pipes with very large diameters, high rate production capability. • CONTINUOUS CASTING ( STRAND CASTING ) : Used to cast a continuous length of metal. Basically the molten metal is cast into two dimensional profile of the mold but its length is indeterminate. New molten metal is constantly fed into the mould as the casting travels downward with its length increasing with time. Metals such as copper, steel, aluminum are cast into long strands using continuous casting process. The process may have various configurations but the common one can be simplified as: 1.) Molten metal is poured into a container located high above the mold at well calculated amounts and flow rates and flows through the water cooled mold. The metal casting poured into the mould solidifies to a starter bar placed at the bottom of the mold. This starter bar gives the rollers something to grab onto initially. 2.) The long metal strand is carried by rollers at a constant speed. The rollers also change the direction of the flow of metal strand from vertical to horizontal. 3.) After the continuous casting has travelled a certain horizontal distance, a torch or saw that moves with the casting quickly cuts it to desired lengths. Continuous casting process can be integrated with ROLLING PROCESS, where the continuously cast metal can be fed directly into a rolling mill to produce I-Beams, T-Beams….etc. Continuous casting produces uniform properties throughout the product, it has a high solidification rate, reduces cost due to very low loss of material, offers a process where loading of metal, pouring, solidification, cutting and casting removal all take place in a continuous operation and thus resulting in high productivity rate and high quality. A major consideration is however the high initial investment, setup costs and space requirements. • MACHINING SERVICES : We offer three, four and five - axis machining. The type of machining processes we use are TURNING, MILLING, DRILLING, BORING, BROACHING, PLANING, SAWING, GRINDING, LAPPING, POLISHING and NON-TRADITIONAL MACHINING which is further elaborated under a different menu of our website. For most of our manufacturing, we use CNC machines. However for some operations conventional techniques are a better fit and therefore we rely on them as well. Our machining capabilities reach the highest level possible and some most demanding parts are manufactured at an AS9100 certified plant. Jet engine blades require highly specialized manufacturing experience and the right equipment. Aerospace industry has very strict standards. Some components with complex geometrical structures are most easily manufactured by five axis machining, which is found only in some machining plants including ours. Our aerospace certified plant has the necessary experience complying to extensive documentation requirement of the aerospace industry. In TURNING operations, a workpiece is rotated and moved against a cutting tool. For this process a machine called lathe is being used. In MILLING, a machine called milling machine has a rotating tool to bring cutting edges to bear against a workpiece. DRILLING operations involve a rotating cutter with cutting edges that produces holes upon contact with the workpiece. Drill presses, lathes or mills are generally used. In BORING operations a tool with a single bent pointed tip is moved into a rough hole in a spinning workpiece to slightly enlarge the hole and improve accuracy. It is used for fine finishing purposes. BROACHING involves a toothed tool to remove material from a workpiece in one pass of the broach (toothed tool). In linear broaching, the broach runs linearly against a surface of the workpiece to effect the cut, whereas in rotary broaching, the broach is rotated and pressed into the workpiece to cut an axis symmetric shape. SWISS TYPE MACHINING is one of our valuable techniques we use for high volume manufacturing of small high precision parts. Using Swiss-type lathe we turn small, complex, precision parts inexpensively. Unlike conventional lathes where the workpiece is kept stationary and tool moving, in Swiss-type turning centers, the workpiece is allowed to move in the Z-axis and the tool is stationary. In Swiss-type machining, the bar stock is held in the machine and advanced through a guide bushing in the z-axis, only exposing the portion to be machined. This way a tight grip is ensured and accuracy is very high. Availability of live tools provide the opportunity to mill and drill as the material advances from the guide bushing. The Y-axis of the Swiss-type equipment provides full milling capabilities and saves great amount of time in manufacturing. Furthermore, our machines have drills and boring tools that operate on the part when it is held in the sub spindle. Our Swiss-Type machining capability gives us a fully automated complete machining opportunity in a single operation. Machining is one of the largest segments of AGS-TECH Inc. business. We either use it as a primary operation or a secondary operation after casting or extruding a part so that all drawing specifications are met. • SURFACE FINISHING SERVICES : We offer a vast variety of surface treatments and surface finishing such as surface conditioning to enhance adhesion, depositing thin oxide layer to enhance adhesion of coating, sand blasting, chem-film, anodizing, nitriding, powder coating, spray coating, various advanced metallization and coating techniques including sputtering, electron beam, evaporation, plating, hard coatings such as diamond like carbon (DLC) or titanium coating for drilling and cutting tools. • PRODUCT MARKING & LABELING SERVICES : Many of our customers require marking and labeling, laser marking, engraving on metal parts. If you have any such need, let us discuss which option will be the best for you. Here are some of commonly used metal cast products. Since these are off-the-shelf, you can save on mould costs in case any of these fits your requirements: CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD our 11 Series Die-cast Aluminium Boxes from AGS-Electronics CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service RÛPERA BERÊ

One of AGS-TECH Inc. specialties is Manufacturing Extraordinary Products such as brushes, mesh and wire, filters and filtration products for air & gases, liquids and filtering of solids, tanks and containers, membranes, industrial leather products, specialty textiles. Çêkirina Berhemên Awarte Bi hilberên awarte re mebesta me ewên ku ji bo çêkirinê hewceyê zanîn, jêhatîbûn û alavên pispor in. Mînakî, heke hûn hewce ne ku firçeyên xwerû ji bo serîlêdanek pêvajoyek taybetî werin çêkirin, û heke hilberek firçeyek ji refûzê bi hêsanî peyda nebe, hûn hewce ne ku bi me re biaxivin da ku hûn pê ewle bin ku hûn çavkaniyên diravî û dem winda nekin ku hewl bidin ku bibin xwedî nebatê şilkirinê ji bo serîlêdana we firçeyek pêş dixe û çêdike. Fîrmayek endezyariyê an kargehek hilberînê ya ku bi taybetî di firçeyan de ne pispor e dê dem û dravên we winda bike û di dawiyê de nikaribin hilberek têrker peyda bike. Bi vî rengî, heke hûn dixwazin tankek metalî ya bi pîvana xwerû (konteyner) ji bo alavên pêvajoya we were pêşve xistin û çêkirin, heke hûn peywirê ji çêkerek pelê metalê ya normal re deynin gelek tişt dikarin xelet bibin. Pêdivî ye ku tanq ji materyalê rast, pîvana rast were çêkirin, li gorî wê were wellandîkirin û qedandin û pêdivî ye ku pêdivî ye ku pêdivî ye ku pîvanên zextê, pîvanê germahiyê, belavker….hwd bi rengek rast bêne hilbijartin û li cîhên rast werin saz kirin. Ew bê guman pisporiya rast hewce dike, ji ber vê yekê hûn bi tankek xeternak a ku dibe ku biteqe an jî kîmyewiyên gemarî dernekeve nebin. Cûreya hilberên awarte yên ku ji hêla me ve hatî pêşve xistin û hilberandin ev in ( Ji kerema xwe li ser nivîsa şîn a li jêr bikirtînin da ku biçin rûpela têkildar ): Parzûn & Hilber û Parzûnên Parzûnê Brushes Mesh & Wire Tank & Konteyniran Berhemên Çermê Pîşesazî Tekstîlên Pîşesazî & Taybetî & Fonksiyonel Kîmyewî û Vexwarinên Pîşesaziyê RÛPERA BERÊ

Adhesive Bonding - Adhesives - Sealing - Fastening - Joining Nonmetallic Materials - Optical Contacting - UV Bonding - Specialty Glue - Epoxy - Custom Assembly Adhesive Bonding & Sealing & Fastening Mechanical Custom and Assembly Among our other most valuable JOINING techniques are ADHESIVE BONDING, MECHANICAL FASTENING and ASSEMBLY, JOINING NONMETALLIC MATERIALS. We dedicate this section to these joining and assembly techniques because of their importance in our manufacturing operations and the extensive content related to them. ADHESIVE BONDING: Did you know that there are specialized epoxies that can be used for almost hermetic level sealing ? Depending on the level of sealing you require, we will choose or formulate a sealant for you. Also do you know that some sealants can be heat cured whereas others require only a UV light to be cured ? If you explain us your application, we can formulate the right epoxy for you. You may require something that is bubble free or something that matches the thermal coefficient of expansion of your mating parts. We have it all ! Contact us and explain your application. We will then choose the most suitable material for you or custom formulate a solution for your challenge. Our materials come with inspection reports, material data sheets and certification. We are capable to assemble your components very economically and ship you completed and quality inspected products. Adhesives are available to us in various forms such as liquids, solutions, pastes, emulsions, powder, tape and films. We use three basic types of adhesives for our joining processes: -Natural Adhesives -Inorganic Adhesives -Synthetic Organic Adhesives For load-bearing applications in manufacturing and fabrication we use adhesives with high cohesive strength, and they are mostly synthetic organic adhesives, which may be thermoplastics or thermosetting polymers. Synthetic organic adhesives are our most important category and can be classified as: Chemically Reactive Adhesives: Popular examples are silicones, polyurethanes, epoxies, phenolics, polyimides, anaerobics like Loctite. Pressure Sensitive Adhesives: Common examples are natural rubber, nitrile rubber, polyacrylates, butyl rubber. Hot Melt Adhesives: Examples are thermoplastics like ethylene-vinyl-acetate copolymers, polyamides, polyester, polyolefins. Reactive Hot Melt Adhesives: They have a thermoset portion based on urethane’s chemistry. Evaporative / Diffusion Adhesives: Popular ones are vinyls, acrylics, phenolics, polyurethanes, synthetic and natural rubbers. Film and Tape Type Adhesives: Examples are nylon-epoxies, elastomer-epoxies, nitrile-phenolics, polyimides. Delayed Tack Adhesives: These include polyvinyl acetates, polystyrenes, polyamides. Electrically and Thermally Conductive Adhesives: Popular examples are epoxies, polyurethanes, silicones, polyimides. According to their chemistries adhesives we use in manufacturing can be classified as: - Epoxy based adhesive systems: High strength and high temperature endurance as high as 473 Kelvin are characteristic of these. Bonding agents in sand mold castings are this type. - Acrylics: These are suitable for applications that involve contaminated dirty surfaces. - Anaerobic adhesive systems: Curing by oxygen deprivation. Hard and brittle bonds. - Cyanoacrylate: Thin bond lines with setting times under 1 minute. - Urethanes: We use them as popular sealants with high toughness and flexibility. - Silicones: Well known for their resistance against moisture and solvents, high impact and peel strength. Relatively long curing times of up to a few days. To optimize the properties in adhesive bonding, we may combine several adhesives. Examples are epoxy-silicon, nitrile-phenolic combined adhesive systems. Polyimides and polybenzimidazoles are used in high-temperature applications. Adhesive joints withstand shear, compressive, and tensile forces pretty well but they may easily fail when subjected to peeling forces. Therefore, in adhesive bonding, we must consider the application and design the joint accordingly. Surface preparation is also of critical importance in adhesive bonding. We clean, treat and modify surfaces to increase the strength and reliability of interfaces in adhesive bonding. Using special primers, wet and dry etching techniques such as plasma cleaning are among our common methods. An adhesion promoting layer such as a thin oxide may improve adhesion in some applications. Increasing surface roughness may also be beneficial prior to adhesive bonding but needs to be well controlled and not exaggerated because excessive roughness can result in trapping of air and therefore a weaker adhesively bonded interface. We use nondestructive methods for testing the quality and strength of our products after adhesive bonding operations. Our techniques include methods such as acoustic impact, IR detection, ultrasonic testing. Advantages of adhesive bonding are: -Adhesive bonding can provide structural strength, sealing and insulation function, suppression of vibration and noise. -Adhesive bonding can eliminate localized stresses at the interface by eliminating the need for joining using fasteners or welding. -Generally no holes are needed for adhesive bonding, and therefore external appearance of components is unaffected. -Thin and fragile parts can be adhesively joined without damage and without significant increase in weight. -Adhesive joining can be used to bond parts made of very different materials with significantly different sizes. -Adhesive bonding can be used on heat sensitive components safely due to low temperatures involved. However some disadvantages do exist for adhesive bonding and our customers should consider these prior to finalizing their designs of joints: -Service temperatures are relatively low for adhesively joint components -Adhesive bonding may require long bonding and curing times. -Surface preparation is needed in adhesive bonding. -Especially for large structures it may be difficult to test adhesively bonded joints nondestructively. -Adhesive bonding may pose reliability concerns in the long term due to degradation, stress corrosion, dissolution….and the like. One of our outstanding products is ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE ADHESIVE, which can replace lead-based solders. Fillers such as silver, aluminum, copper, gold make these pastes conductive. Fillers can be in the form of flakes, particles or polymeric particles coated with thin films of silver or gold. Fillers can also improve thermal conductivity besides electrical. Let us continue with our other joining processes used in manufacturing products. MECHANICAL FASTENING and ASSEMBLY: Mechanical fastening offers us ease of manufacturing, ease of assembly and disassembly, ease of transportation, ease of parts replacement, maintenance and repair, ease in design of movable and adjustable products, lower cost. For fastening we use: Threaded Fasteners: Bolts, screws and nuts are examples of these. Depending on your application, we can provide you specially designed nuts and lock washers for dampening vibration. Riveting: Rivets are among our most common methods of permanent mechanical joining and assembly processes. Rivets are placed in holes and their ends are deformed by upsetting. We perform assembly using riveting at room temperature as well as at high temperatures. Stitching / Stapling / Clinching: These assembly operations are widely used in manufacturing and are basically the same as is used on papers and cardboards. Both metallic and nonmetallic materials can be joined and assembled quickly without need to predrill holes. Seaming: An inexpensive fast joining technique we use widely in manufacturing of containers and metal cans. It is based on folding two thin pieces of material together. Even airtight and watertight seams are possible, especially if seaming is performed jointly with using sealants and adhesives. Crimping: Crimping is a joining method where we do not use fasteners. Electrical or fiber optic connectors are sometimes installed using crimping. In high volume manufacturing, crimping is an indispensible technique for fast joining and assembly of both flat and tubular components. Snap-in Fasteners: Snap fits are also an economical joining technique in assembly and manufacturing. They permit quick assembly and disassembly of components and are a good fit for household products, toys, furniture among others. Shrink and Press Fits: Another mechanical assembly technique, namely shrink fitting is based on the principle of differential thermal expansion and contraction of two components, whereas in press fitting one component is forced over another resulting in good joint strength. We use shrink fitting widely in the assembly and manufacturing of cable harness, and mounting gears and cams on shafts. JOINING NONMETALLIC MATERIALS: Thermoplastics can be heated and melted at the interfaces to be joined and by applying pressure adhesive joining can be accomplished by fusion. Alternatively thermoplastic fillers of the same type may be used for the joining process. Joining of some polymers such as polyethylene may be difficult due to oxidation. In such cases, an inert shielding gas like nitrogen may be used against oxidation. Both external as well as internal heat sources can be used in adhesive joining of polymers. Examples of external sources we commonly use in adhesive joining of thermoplastics are hot air or gases, IR radiation, heated tools, lasers, resistive electrical heating elements. Some of our internal heat sources are ultrasonic welding and friction welding. In some assembly and manufacturing applications we use adhesives for bonding polymers. Some polymers such as PTFE (Teflon) or PE (Polyethylene) have low surface energies and therefore a primer is first applied prior to completing the adhesive bonding process with a suitable adhesive. Another popular technique in joining is the “Clearweld Process” where a toner is first applied to the polymer interfaces. A laser is then directed at the interface, but it does not heat the polymer, but does heat the toner. This makes it possible to heat only well-defined interfaces resulting in localized welds. Other alternative joining techniques in the assembly of thermoplastics are using fasteners, self-tapping screws, integrated snap-fasteners. An exotic technique in manufacturing and assembly operations is embedding tiny micron-sized particles into the polymer and using high-frequency electromagnetic field to inductively heat and melt it at the interfaces to be joined. Thermoset materials on the other hand, do not soften or melt with increasing temperatures. Therefore, adhesive joining of thermoset plastics are usually carried out using threaded or other molded-in inserts, mechanical fasteners and solvent bonding. Regarding joining and assembly operations involving glass and ceramics in our manufacturing plants, here are a few common observations: In cases where a ceramic or glass have to be joined with difficult-to-bond materials, the ceramic or glass materials are frequently coated with a metal that bonds itself easily to them, and then joined to the difficult-to-bond material. When ceramic or glass has a thin metal coating it can be more readily brazed to metals. Ceramics are sometimes joined and assembled together during their shaping process while still hot, soft and tacky. Carbides can be more easily brazed to metals if they have as their matrix material a metal binder such as cobalt or nickel-molybdenum alloy. We braze carbide cutting tools to steel toolholders. Glasses bond well to each other and metals when hot and soft. Information on our facility producing ceramic to metal fittings, hermetic sealing, vacuum feedthroughs, high and ultrahigh vacuum and fluid control components can be found here: Brazing Factory Brochure Private Label Epoxy Solutions for Construction, Electrical, Industrial Assembly (Download brochure by clicking on blue text. We can put your name, label, logo on these epoxies if you wish) CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service RÛPERA BERÊ

Mesomanufacturing - Mesoscale Manufacturing - Miniature Device Fabrication - Tiny Motors - AGS-TECH Inc. - New Mexico Hilberîna Mesoscale / Mesomanufacturing With conventional production techniques we produce “macroscale” structures that are relatively large and visible to the naked eye. With MESOMANUFACTURING however we produce components for miniature devices. Mesomanufacturing is also referred to as MESOSCALE MANUFACTURING or MESO-MACHINING. Mesomanufacturing overlaps both macro and micromanufacturing. Examples of mesomanufacturing are hearing aides, stents, very small motors. The first approach in mesomanufacturing is to scale macromanufacturing processes down. For example a tiny lathe with dimensions in the few dozen millimeters and a motor of 1.5W weighing 100 grams is a good example of mesomanufacturing where downscaling has taken place. The second approach is to scale micromanufacturing processes up. As an example LIGA processes can be upscaled and enter the realm of mesomanufacturing. Our mesomanufacturing processes are bridging the gap between silicon-based MEMS processes and conventional miniature machining. Mesoscale processes can fabricate two and three-dimensional parts having micron size features in traditional materials such as stainless steels, ceramics, and glass. Mesomanufacturing processes that are currently available to us include, focused ion beam (FIB) sputtering, micro-milling, micro-turning, excimer laser ablation, femto-second laser ablation, and micro electro-discharge (EDM) machining. These mesoscale processes employ subtractive machining technologies (i.e., material removal), whereas the LIGA process, is an additive mesoscale process. Mesomanufacturing processes have different capabilities and performance specifications. Machining performance specifications of interest include minimum feature size, feature tolerance, feature location accuracy, surface finish, and material removal rate (MRR). We have the capability of mesomanufacturing electro-mechanical components that require mesoscale parts. The mesoscale parts fabricated by subtractive mesomanufacturing processes have unique tribological properties because of the variety of materials and the surface conditions produced by the different mesomanufacturing processes. These subtractive mesoscale machining technologies bring us concerns related to cleanliness, assembly, and tribology. Cleanliness is vital in mesomanufacturing because mesoscale dirt and debris particle size created during the meso-machining process can be comparable to mesoscale features. Mesoscale milling and turning can create chips and burrs that can block holes. Surface morphology and surface finish conditions vary greatly depending on the mesomanufacturing method. Mesoscale parts are difficult to handle and align which makes assembly a challenge which most of our competitors are unable to overcome. Our yield rates in mesomanufacturing is far higher than our competitors which gives us the advantage of being able to offer better prices. MESOSCALE MACHINING PROCESSES: Our major mesomanufacturing techniques are Focused Ion Beam (FIB), Micro-milling, & Micro-turning, laser meso-machining, Micro-EDM (electro-discharge machining) Mesomanufacturing using focused Ion Beam (FIB), Micro-milling, & Micro-turning: The FIB sputters material from a workpiece by Gallium ion beam bombardment. The workpiece is mounted to a set of precision stages and is placed in a vacuum chamber underneath the source of Gallium. The translation and rotation stages in the vacuum chamber make various locations on the work piece available to the beam of Gallium ions for FIB mesomanufacturing. A tunable electric field scans the beam to cover a pre-defined projected area. A high voltage potential causes a source of Gallium ions to accelerate and collide with the work piece. The collisions strip away atoms from the work piece. The result of the FIB meso-machining process can be the creation of a near vertical facets. Some FIBs available to us have beam diameters as small as 5 nanometers, making the FIB a mesoscale and even microscale capable machine. We mount micro-milling tools on high precision milling machines to machine channels in aluminum. Using FIB we can fabricate micro-turning tools which can then be used on a lathe to fabricate finely threaded rods. In other words, FIB can be used to machine hard tooling besides directly meso-machining features onto the end work piece. The slow material removal rate has rendered the FIB as impractical for directly machining large features. The hard tools, however, can remove material at an impressive rate and are durable enough for several hours of machining time. Nevertheless, the FIB is practical for directly meso-machining complex three dimensional shapes that do not require a substantial material removal rate. Length of exposure and angle of incidence can greatly affect the geometry of directly machined features. Laser Mesomanufacturing: Excimer lasers are used for mesomanufacturing. The excimer laser machines material by pulsing it with nanosecond pulses of ultraviolet light. The work piece is mounted to precision translational stages. A controller coordinates the motion of the work piece relative to the stationary UV laser beam and coordinates the firing of the pulses. A mask projection technique can be used to define meso-machining geometries. The mask is inserted into the expanded part of the beam where the laser fluence is too low to ablate the mask. The mask geometry is de-magnified through the lens and projected onto the work piece. This approach can be used for machining multiple holes (arrays) simultaneously. Our excimer and YAG lasers can be used to machine polymers, ceramics, glass and metals having feature sizes as small as 12 microns. Good coupling between the UV wavelength (248 nm) and the workpiece in laser mesomanufacturing / meso-machining results in vertical channel walls. A cleaner laser meso-machining approach is to use a Ti-sapphire femtosecond laser. The detectable debris from such mesomanufacturing processes are nano-sized particles. Deep one micron-size features can be microfabricated using the femtosecond laser. The femtosecond laser ablation process is unique in that it breaks atomic bonds instead of thermally ablating material. The femtosecond laser meso-machining / micromachining process has a special place in mesomanufacturing because it is cleaner, micron capable, and it is not material specific. Mesomanufacturing using Micro-EDM (electro-discharge machining): Electro-discharge machining removes material through a spark erosion process. Our micro-EDM machines can produce features as small as 25 microns. For the sinker and the wire micro-EDM machine, the two major considerations for determining feature size are the electrode size and the over-bum gap. Electrodes little over 10 microns in diameter and over-bum as little as a few microns are being used. Creating an electrode having a complex geometry for the sinker EDM machine requires know-how. Both graphite and copper are popular as electrode materials. One approach to fabricating a complicated sinker EDM electrode for a mesoscale part is to use the LIGA process. Copper, as the electrode material, can be plated into LIGA molds. The copper LIGA electrode can then be mounted onto the sinker EDM machine for mesomanufacturing a part in a different material such as stainless steel or kovar. No one mesomanufacturing process is sufficient for all operations. Some mesoscale processes are more wide reaching than others, but each process has its niche. Most of the time we require a variety of materials to optimize performance of mechanical components and are comfortable with traditional materials such as stainless steel because these materials have a long history and have been very well characterized through the years. Mesomanufacturing processes allow us to use traditional materials. Subtractive mesoscale machining technologies expand our material base. Galling may be an-issue with some material combinations in mesomanufacturing. Each particular mesoscale machining process uniquely affects the surface roughness and morphology. Micro-milling and micro-turning may generate burrs and particles that can cause mechanical problems. Micro-EDM may leave a recast layer that can have particular wear and friction characteristics. Friction effects between mesoscale parts may have limited points of contact and are not accurately modeled by surface contact models. Some mesoscale machining technologies, such as micro-EDM, are fairly mature, as opposed to others, such as femtosecond laser meso-machining, which still require additional development. CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service RÛPERA BERÊ

Packaging and Labeling Products and Services, Private Labeling, White Labeling, Private Label, White Label AGS-TECH, Inc. ya we ye Hilberîner û Pêşkêşkarê Labela Taybet û Spî. Hûn dikarin hilberên bi navê marqeya xwe, logo û etîketa xwe ji me bikirin. Gelek hilberên me yên hazir û bê-refê dikarin bi navê marqeya we li ser wan ji we re werin şandin, da ku hûn tavilê dest bi firotin û danasîna marqeya xwe bikin. Pakkirin & Nîşankirina Hilberan, Çapkirin û Karûbarên Têkildar Em ji we re li derveyî refikê û hem jî malzemeyên pakkirin û etîketkirinê yên xwerû hatine sêwirandin û çêkirin. Em dikarin ji we re pakêt û etîketkirin û materyalên çapkirî ji hev cuda bişînin an jî hilberên we bi karanîna materyalên pakkirinê yên weya bijartî pak bikin û etîket bikin û ji we re bişînin da ku hûn tavilê dest bi firotina wan bikin. Ji xeynî van, gelek awayên din jî hene ku em dikarin ji we re xizmetê bikin. Li jêr hin karûbarên me yên têkildarî pakkirin, nîşankirin û çapkirinê bi hûrgulî têne rave kirin. CO-PACKING & CONTRACT PACKAGING SERVICE: If you wish, we receive your products in bulk in our factory and assemble them in their final finished packaging. You can source products from us and/or multiple providers in bulk and can be kept at one of our warehouses. There, we can package them as finished goods ready to sell anywhere on globe by you. We can ship them to your address or anywhere you prefer with your name, logo and brand on them. Packaging can be customized so you can sell them under various brand names to different buyers, in different regions or different parts of the World. Our services are comprehensive and as you wish, we can take care of design, displays, packaging, shipping, storing and more. Our warehouses are in strategic locations such as: - USA - China - Taiwan - Hong Kong - Singapore - India - Brazil - Europe - Mexico Our facilities are outstandingly good and meet all regulatory standards. PACKAGING DESIGN: For perfectly branding your products, the packaging needs to be aesthetic, functional, robust, protective, recyclable and environmentally friendly....etc. We have the right subject experts who deliver quality and finesse in the design, choose the most appropriate materials and processes for your product packages. We are capable to create and deliver you the ideal packages that fit your products without unnecessary gaps and material waste. Some popular package types that are off-shelf or custom designed for you are: - Blister Packs - Clamshells - Pouches - Eco-Friendly Pouches - Product Bags - Carton Boxes and Packages - Mailer Boxes - Product Envelopes - Polymer Mailers PACKAGING TESTING: We test the suitability of product packages for your particular product. We ensure your packaged products are protected from various weather conditions such as humidity, heat, cold, dust, shock during transportation, loading, unloading, waiting on store or warehouse shelves for prolonged times.......etc. KITTING SERVICES: We create kits, assembling products from different suppliers into the same packaging. Kitting and assembling kits has some unique advantages in some cases. For example, a product shipped as a kit may be considered as an unfinished product by customs agencies and therefore be subject to lower import taxes and fees. Another advantage of shipping kits instead of completely assembled, finished products can help product packages be stacked on top of each other easily and save on shipping volume. In other words, 100 pc of a particular, fully assembled product may take up 20 boxes, whereas if stacked as kits, it may only take up 10 boxes. CLEAN ROOM PACKAGING SERVICES: Some products such as electronic subassemblies, electronic circuits...etc. are vulnerable to dust, moisture.....etc. and need to be packaged in clean rooms that are special facilities. We package your sensitive and vulnerable products in clean rooms. ESD CONTROLLED PACKAGING: Some products such as electronic subassemblies, electronic circuits, microchips....etc. are sensitive to electrical discharges that can destroy the circuits within split seconds. Electrical discharges can be accidentally generated by our clothing, hand touch.....etc. We package such sensitive products on special ESD controlled tables, mats....etc. equipped with special devices that prevent destruction. PRIVATE LABELING TAGS, PLATES, LABELS, STICKERS, LOGOS, BARCODES...etc: We make these from various materials and with various designs and sizes to make your products appealing. PRIVATE LABEL INSTRUCTION MANUALS, BROCHURES, CATALOGS: Many products come with instruction manuals included in their package. It would not be appropriate to label your product with your name but to include an instruction manual with the name of the actual manufacturer. For products that require a user instruction booklet or sheet, we do print them with your private label, logo and name. Similarly, we can supply you product brochures with your name and logo so that you can further expand your marketing power and get more orders for your brand. Your customers can then receive your product brochures and order from you additional products, spare parts, accessories....etc. Simply put, we will support you in many ways to promote your brand and grow your business. DISPLAYS: If you wish, we provide assembled and pre-loaded promotional displays to you, ready for you to distribute them worldwide to your branches, sales points, franchises, resellers.....etc. POSTPONEMENT SERVICES: To reduce inventory and increase flexibility, late packaging customization can be implemented. Products stored in bulk can be packaged under different packaging, different brand names or assortments. TAX EXEMPTIONS from our FACILITIES LOCATED IN CUSTOMS BONDED AREAS: Some of our facilities are located in customs bonded areas, thus enabling tax exemptions. In other words, these are free trade zones with no tax liabilities. This saves our customers money as we can offer value added tax free and duty free products from multiple factories at lower costs. An additional benefit of customs bonded areas is faster clearance of goods, which results in shorter lead times. Please click on blue highlighted text below to download relevant brochures and catalogs: - Private Label Packaging Design Flyer Em AGS-TECH Inc., çavkaniya weya yek-stop ji bo çêkirin û çêkirin û endezyarî û jêderxistin û yekbûnek we ne. Em entegratora endezyariya herî cihêreng a Cîhanê ne ku hilberîna xwerû, binecivîn, komkirina hilberan û karûbarên endezyariyê pêşkêşî we dikin.

Micromanufacturing, Nanomanufacturing, Mesomanufacturing - Electronic & Magnetic Optical & Coatings, Thin Film, Nanotubes, MEMS, Microscale Fabrication Nanoscale & Microscale & Mesoscale Manufacturing Read More Our NANOMANUFACTURING, MICROMANUFACTURING and MESOMANUFACTURING processes can be categorized as: Surface Treatments and Modification Functional Coatings / Decorative Coatings / Thin Film / Thick Film Nanoscale Manufacturing / Nanomanufacturing Microscale Manufacturing / Micromanufacturing / Micromachining Mesoscale Manufacturing / Mesomanufacturing Microelectronics & Semiconductor Manufacturing and Fabrication Microfluidic Devices Manufacturing Micro-Optics Manufacturing Micro Assembly and Packaging Soft Lithography In every smart product designed today, one can consider an element that will increase efficiency, versatility, reduce power consumption, reduce waste, increase lifetime of the product and thus be environmentally friendly. For this purpose, AGS-TECH is focusing on a number of processes and products that can be incorporated into devices and equipment to achieve these goals. For example low-friction FUNCTIONAL COATINGS can reduce power consumption. Some other functional coating examples are scratch resistant coatings, anti-wetting SURFACE TREATMENTS and coatings (hydrophobic), wetness promoting (hydrophilic) surface treatment and coatings, anti-fungal coatings, diamond like carbon coatings for cutting and scribing tools, THIN FILMelectronic coatings, thin film magnetic coatings, multilayer optical coatings. In NANOMANUFACTURING or NANOSCALE MANUFACTURING, we produce parts at nanometer length scales. In practice it refers to manufacturing operations below micrometer scale. Nanomanufacturing is still in its infancy when compared to micromanufacturing, however the trend is in that direction and nanomanufacturing is definitely very important for the near future. Some applications of nanomanufacturing today are carbon nanotubes as reinforcing fibers for composite materials in bicycle frames, baseball bats and tennis racquets. Carbon nanotubes, depending on the orientation of the graphite in the nanotube, can act as semiconductors or conductors. Carbon nanotubes have very high current-carrying capability, 1000 times higher than silver or copper. Another application of nanomanufacturing is nanophase ceramics. By using nanoparticles in producing ceramic materials, we can simultaneously increase both the strength and ductility of the ceramic. Please click on the submenu for more information. MICROSCALE MANUFACTURING or MICROMANUFACTURING refers to our manufacturing and fabrication processes on a microscopic scale not visible to the naked eye. The terms micromanufacturing, microelectronics, microelectromechanical systems are not limited to such small length scales, but instead, suggest a material and manufacturing strategy. In our micromanufacturing operations some popular techniques we use are lithography, wet and dry etching, thin film coating. A wide variety of sensors & actuators, probes, magnetic hard-drive heads, microelectronic chips, MEMS devices such as accelerometers and pressure sensors among others are manufactured using such micromanufacturing methods. You will find more detailed information on these in the submenus. MESOSCALE MANUFACTURING or MESOMANUFACTURING refers to our processes for fabrication of miniature devices such as hearing aids, medical stents, medical valves, mechanical watches and extremely small motors. Mesoscale manufacturing overlaps both macro and micromanufacturing. Miniature lathes, with 1.5 Watt motor and dimensions of 32 x 25 x 30.5 mm and weights of 100 grams have been fabricated using mesoscale manufacturing methods. Using such lathes, brass has been machined to a diameter as small as 60 microns and surface roughnesses in the order of a micron or two. Other such miniature machine tools such as milling machines and presses have also been manufactured using mesomanufacturing. In MICROELECTRONICS MANUFACTURING we use the same techniques as in micromanufacturing. Our most popular substrates are silicon, and others like gallium arsenide, Indium Phosphide and Germanium are also used. Films/coatings of many types and especially conducting and insulating thin film coatings are used in the fabrication of microelectronic devices and circuits. These devices are usually obtained from multilayers. Insulating layers are generally obtained by oxidation such as SiO2. Dopants (both p and n) type are common and parts of the devices are doped in order to alter their electronic properties and obtain p and n type regions. Using lithography such as ultraviolet, deep or extreme ultraviolet photolithography, or X-ray, electron beam lithography we transfer geometric patterns defining the devices from a photomask/mask to the substrate surfaces. These lithography processes are applied several times in the micromanufacturing of microelectronic chips in order to achieve the required structures in the design. Also etching processes are carried out by which entire films or particular sections of films or substrate are removed. Briefly, by using various deposition, etching and multiple lithographic steps we obtain the multilayer structures on the supporting semiconductor substrates. After the wafers are processed and many circuits are microfabricated on them, the repetitive parts are cut and individual dies are obtained. Each die is thereafter wire bonded, packaged and tested and becomes a commercial microelectronic product. Some more details of microelectronics manufacturing can be found in our submenu, however the subject is very extensive and therefore we encourgae you to contact us in case you need product specific information or more details. Our MICROFLUIDICS MANUFACTURING operations are aimed at fabrication of devices and systems in which small volumes of fluids are handled. Examples of microfluidic devices are micro-propulsion devices, lab-on-a-chip systems, micro-thermal devices, inkjet printheads and more. In microfluidics we have to deal with the precise control and manipulation of fluids constrained to sub-milimeter regions. Fluids are moved, mixed, separated and processed. In microfluidic systems fluids are moved and controlled either actively using tiny micropumps and microvalves and the like or passively taking advantage of capillary forces. With lab-on-a-chip systems, processes which are normally carried out in a lab are miniaturized on a single chip in order to enhance efficiency and mobility as well as reduce sample and reagent volumes. We have the capability to design microfluidic devices for you and offer microfluidics prototyping & micromanufacturing custom tailored for your applications. Another promising field in microfabrication is MICRO-OPTICS MANUFACTURING. Micro-optics allows the manipulation of light and the management of photons with micron and sub-micron scale structures and components. Micro-optics allows us to interface the macroscopic world we live in with the microscopic world of opto- and nano-electronic data processing. Micro-optical components and subsystems find widespread applications in the following fields: Information technology: In micro-displays, micro-projectors, optical data storage, micro-cameras, scanners, printers, copiers…etc. Biomedicine: Minimally-invasive/point of care diagnostics, treatment monitoring, micro-imaging sensors, retinal implants. Lighting: Systems based on LEDs and other efficient light sources Safety and Security Systems: Infrared night vision systems for automotive applications, optical fingerprint sensors, retinal scanners. Optical Communication & Telecommunication: In photonic switches, passive fiber optic components, optical amplifiers, mainframe and personal computer interconnect systems Smart structures: In optical fiber-based sensing systems and much more As the most diverse engineering integration provider we pride ourselves with our capability to provide a solution for almost any consulting, engineering, reverse engineering, rapid prototyping, product development, manufacturing, fabrication and assembly needs. After micromanufacturing our components, very often we need to continue with MICRO ASSEMBLY & PACKAGING. This involves processes such as die attachment, wire bonding, connectorization, hermetic sealing of packages, probing, testing of packaged products for environmental reliability…etc. After micromanufacturing devices on a die, we attach the die to a more rugged foundation to ensure reliability. Frequently we use special epoxy cements or eutectic alloys to bond the die to its package. After the chip or die is bonded to its substrate, we connect it electrically to the package leads using wire bonding. One method is to use very thin gold wires from the package leads to bonding pads located around the perimeter of the die. Lastly we need to do the final packaging of the connected circuit. Depending on the application and operating environment, a variety of standard and custom manufactured packages are available for micromanufactured electronic, electro-optic, and microelectromechanical devices. Another micromanufacturing technique we use is SOFT LITHOGRAPHY, a term used for a number of processes for pattern transfer. A master mold is needed in all cases and is microfabricated using standard lithography methods. Using the master mold, we produce an elastomeric pattern / stamp. One variation of soft lithography is “microcontact printing”. The elastomer stamp is coated with an ink and pressed against a surface. The pattern peaks contact the surface and a thin layer of about 1 monolayer of the ink is transfered. This thin film monolayer acts as the mask for selective wet etching. A second variation is “microtransfer molding”, in which the recesses of the elastomer mold are filled with liquid polymer precursor and pushed against a surface. Once the polymer cures, we peel off the mold, leaving behind the desired pattern. Lastly a third variation is “micromolding in capillaries”, where the elastomer stamp pattern consists of channels that use capillary forces to wick a liquid polymer into the stamp from its side. Basically, a small amount of the liquid polymer is placed adjacent to the capillary channels and the capillary forces pull the liquid into the channels. Excess liquid polymer is removed and polymer inside the channels is allowed to cure. The stamp mold is peeled off and the product is ready. You can find more details about our soft lithography micromanufacturing techniques by clicking on the related submenu on the side of this page. If you are mostly interested in our engineering and research & development capabilities instead of manufacturing capabilities, then we invite you to also visit our engineering website http://www.ags-engineering.com Read More Read More Read More Read More Read More Read More Read More Read More Read More CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service RÛPERA BERÊ

AGS-TECH Inc Past Present Mission - We specialize in Manufacturing, Fabrication, Assembly of Products, Custom Manufacturing of Components, Parts, Subassemblies. Mîsyona Meya Hilberîna Raborî û Niha Em di bin navê AGS-Group de di sala 1979-an de wekî pargîdaniyek hilberîna hilberên pîşesaziyê û pargîdaniyên çêkirinê hatin damezrandin. Di 2002-an de, koma teknolojiya pêşkeftî wekî AGS-TECH Inc. mîsyona xwe ya di warê teknolojiyê de nîşan dide û balê dikişîne ser pêvajoyên çêkirin û çêkirinê yên nirxa lêzêdetir. Em xwe di warê çêkirina xwerû ya qalib û goştan de, çêkirina perçeyên plastîk û gomî, makîna CNC ya perçeyên metal û alloy, makîna plastîk, çelkirin û avêtina metalan, çêkirina seramîk û camê teknîkî û teşe kirin de, xwe li pêş teknolojiyê dihêlin. mohrkirin û çêkirina pelê metal, hilberîna hêmanên makîneyê, pêkhate û meclîsên elektronîkî, çêkirin û komkirina hêmanên optîkî, nanoçêkirin, mîkroçêkerî, mezomanufacturing, çêkirina ne-konvansiyonel, komputerên pîşesazî & alavên otomasyonê, amûr û alavên testa pîşesaziyê û metrolojiyê, endezyariya pêşkeftî û karûbarên teknîkî. Cûdahiya me ji pargîdaniyên din ên endezyarî û çêkirinê ew e ku em dikarin ji yek çavkaniyek yekane, ango AGS-TECH Inc, vareteyek mezin a pêkhate, binecivîn, meclîs û hilberên qedandî ji we re peyda bikin. cûrbecûr karûbarên endezyariyê û kapasîteyên hilberînê. Pargîdaniya me li eyaleta New Meksîko-DY-yê ye. Koma pargîdaniyên AGS xwedan berberiya salane ya di nav rêza pirmîlyon dolar de ye. Koma teknolojiya pêşkeftî AGS-TECH beşek ji vê koma mezin e û hîn jî sal bi sal mezin dibe. Endamên tîmê meya teknîkî di warên pisporiya xwe de gelek patentan digirin, gelekan di kovarên naskirî yên navneteweyî de bi dehan weşan hene û dahêner in ku bi mezûnên mezûnî ji zanîngehên bilind ên Cîhanê ne. Her roj tîmên me nexşeyên peydakirî yên xerîdar, kaxezên taybetmendiyê û Bill of Materyal dinirxînin, bi xerîdaran re agahdarî diguhezînin, civînên endezyariyê li dar dixin û bi hev re şêwir dikin, nêrîna xwe ya pispor ji xerîdarên me re peyda dikin, nexşe û sêwirana xerîdar biguhezînin û baştir dikin, û carinan jî nû çêdikin. design ji sifirê. Gava ku ew ji bo projeyek taybetî pêvajoyên herî aborî, herî maqûl û bilez destnîşan dikin, jêderek an pêşniyarek fermî ji her xerîdar re tê pêşkêş kirin. Li ser lihevkirina hevdu ya her du aliyan, û heke proje amade be ku di çerxa hilberînê de berbi astek din ve were birin, yek an çend kargehên me ji bo çêkirina hilberê têne destnîşan kirin. Hemî kargeh yek ji ISO9001: 2000, QS9000, TS16949, ISO13485 an AS9100 pergalên rêveberiya kalîteyê pejirandî ne û hilberên li gorî standardên pîşesaziya Ewropî û Amerîkî yên wekî ASTM, ISO, DIN, IEEE, MIL çêdikin. Kengê ku hewce be an hewce be, hilber têne pejirandin û nîşana UL û / an CE-yê têne girêdan, an heke ji bo serîlêdana bijîjkî be, ew bi sertîfîkayek FDA re têne girêdan. Em xwediyê hin ji van kargehên hilberînê ne û xwediyê qismî li hinên din in. Bi hin kargeh û dezgehên hilberînê yên pispor re hevkarî an pargîdaniyek hevpar heye. Em di heman demê de li çaraliyê cîhanê li nihêrînek domdar in ku heke ew hêviyên me bicîh bînin da ku parve bikirin an bi kargehên hilberîna nû re hevkariyê bikin. Ev qonaxek bêdawî ye ku me dike ku roj bi roj pêşve bibin û mezin bibin. Di van salan de em ji gelek xerîdaran re xizmet dikin. Ji bo dîtina hin ji wan li ser AGS-TECH çi difikirin, ji kerema xwe li ser vê lînkê bikirtînin. RÛPERA BERÊ

AGS-TECH, Inc. is a global manufacturer of fasteners and rigging hardware including shackles, eye bolt and nut, turnbuckles, wire rope clip, hooks, load binder, steel and synthetic plastic wires, cables and ropes, traditional ropes from manila, polyhemp, sisal, cotton, link chains, steel chain and more. Fasteners, Rigging Hardware Manufacturing For information on our manufacturing capabilities of fasteners, you may visit our dedicated page by clicking here: Go to Fasteners Page However, if you are looking for Rigging Hardware, then continue reading and scroll down this page please. Rigging Hardware Rigging hardware is an essential component in any hoisting, lifting, fastening system involving ropes, belts, chains...etc. The quality, strength, durability, lifetime and overall reliability of rigging hardware can be a bottleneck, a limiting factor if the right product of high quality is not chosen for your systems, no matter how good the other components are. You can think of it like a chain, where a single damaged chain link can potentially cause failure of the entire chain. Our rigging hardware products include many items such as cable gliders, clevises, fittings, hooks, shackles, snap hooks, connecting links, swivels, grab links, wire rope clips and much more. Prices of fasteners and rigging hardware components depend on product, model and quantity of your order. It also depends on whether you need an off-the-shelf product or need us to custom manufacture the fasteners and rigging hardware components to your specifications, drawings and needs. Since we carry a wide variety of fasteners and rigging hardware with different dimensions, applications, material grade and coating; in case you can't find a suitable product below in one of our catalogs, we encourage you to email or call us so we can determine which product is the best fit for you. When contacting us, please make sure to provide us some of the following key information: - Application for the fasteners or rigging hardware product - Material grade needed for your fasteners & rigging hardware components - Dimensions - Finish - Packaging requirements - Labeling requirements - Quantity per order / Yearly demand Please download our relevant product brochures by clicking on the colored links below: Standard Rigging Hardware - Shackles Standard Rigging Hardware - Eye Bolt and Nut Standard Rigging Hardware - Turnbuckles Standard Rigging Hardware - Wire Rope Clip Standard Rigging Hardware - Hooks Standard Rigging Hardware - Load Binder Standard Rigging Hardware - New Products Standard Rigging Hardware - Stainless Steel Standard Rigging Hardware - Steel Wires - Steel Wire Ropes and Cables Standard Rigging Hardware - Synthetic Plastic Ropes Standard Rigging Hardware - Traditional-Ropes-Manila-Polyhemp-Sisal-Cotton LINK CHAINS have torus shaped links. They are used in bicycle locks, as locking chains, sometimes as pulling & hoisting chains and similar applications. Here is our downloadable product brochure for off-the-shelf link chains: Link Chains - Steel Chains - International Chains - Stainless Steel Chains and Accessories CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service RÛPERA BERÊ

Ultrasonic Machining, Ultrasonic Impact Grinding, Rotary Ultrasonic Machining, Non-Conventional Machining, Custom Manufacturing - AGS-TECH Inc. New Mexico, USA Ultrasonic Machining & Rotary Ultrasonic Machining & Ultrasonic Impact Grinding Another popular NON-CONVENTIONAL MACHINING technique we frequently use is ULTRASONIC MACHINING (UM), also widely known as ULTRASONIC IMPACT GRINDING, where material is removed from a workpiece surface by microchipping and erosion with abrasive particles using a vibrating tool oscillating at ultrasonic frequencies, aided by an abrasive slurry that flows freely between the workpiece and the tool. It differs from most other conventional machining operations because very little heat is produced. The tip of the ultrasonic machining tool is called a “sonotrode” which vibrates at amplitudes of 0.05 to 0.125 mm and frequencies around 20 kHz. The vibrations of the tip transmit high velocities to fine abrasive grains between the tool and the surface of the workpiece. The tool never contacts the workpiece and therefore the grinding pressure is rarely more than 2 pounds. This working principle makes this operation perfect for machining extremely hard and brittle materials, such as glass, sapphire, ruby, diamond, and ceramics. The abrasive grains are located within a water slurry with a concentration between 20 to 60% by volume. The slurry also acts as the carrier of the debris away from the cutting / machining region. We use as abrasive grains mostly boron carbide, aluminum oxide and silicon carbide with grain sizes ranging from 100 for roughing processes to 1000 for our finishing processes. The ultrasonic-machining (UM) technique is best suited for hard and brittle materials like ceramics and glass, carbides, precious stones, hardened steels. The surface finish of ultrasonic machining depends upon the hardness of the workpiece/tool and the average diameter of the abrasive grains used. The tool tip is generally a low-carbon steel, nickel and soft steels attached to a transducer through the toolholder. The ultrasonic-machining process utilizes the plastic deformation of metal for the tool and the brittleness of the workpiece. The tool vibrates and pushes down on the abrasive slurry containing grains until the grains impact the brittle workpiece. During this operation, the workpiece is broken down while the tool bends very slightly. Using fine abrasives, we can achieve dimensional tolerances of 0.0125 mm and even better with ultrasonic-machining (UM). Machining time depends upon the frequency at which the tool is vibrating, the grain size and hardness, and the viscosity of the slurry fluid. The less viscous the slurry fluid, the faster it can carry away used abrasive. Grain size must be equal or greater than the hardness of the workpiece. As an example we can machine multiple aligned holes 0.4 mm in diameter on a 1.2 mm wide glass strip with ultrasonic machining. Let us get a little bit into the physics of the ultrasonic machining process. Microchipping in ultrasonic machining is possible thanks to the high stresses produced by particles striking the solid surface. Contact times between particles and surfaces are very short and in the order of 10 to 100 microseconds. The contact time can be expressed as: to = 5r/Co x (Co/v) exp 1/5 Here r is the radius of the spherical particle, Co is the elastic wave velocity in the workpiece (Co = sqroot E/d) and v is the velocity that the particle hits the surface with. The force a particle exerts on the surface is obtained from the rate of change of momentum: F = d(mv)/dt Here m is the grain mass. The average force of the particles (grains) hitting and rebounding from the surface is: Favg = 2mv / to Here to is the contact time. When numbers are plugged into this expression, we see that even though the parts are very small, since the contact area is also very small, the forces and thus the stresses exerted are significantly high to cause microchipping and erosion. ROTARY ULTRASONIC MACHINING (RUM): This method is a variation of ultrasonic machining, where we replace the abrasive slurry with a tool that has metal-bonded diamond abrasives that have been either impregnated or electroplated on the tool surface. The tool is rotated and ultrasonically vibrated. We press the workpiece at constant pressure against the rotating and vibrating tool. The rotary ultrasonic machining process gives us capabilities such as producing deep holes in hard materials at high material removal rates. Since we deploy a number of conventional and non-conventional manufacturing techniques, we can be of help to you whenever you have questions about a particular product and the fastest and most economical way of manufacturing & fabricating it. CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service RÛPERA BERÊ

Industrial Chemicals, Industrial Consumables, Aerosols, Sprays, Industrial Chemical Agents Kîmyewî û Vexwarinên Pîşesaziyê There are many specialty chemicals that are use in the industry. Contact us if you would like to know how we can help you formulating and producing a specialty chemical product. We also offer some off-the-shelf chemical products that are used in various industrial applications such as the automotive and motor vehicle industries, electronic industry, optical industry, medical facilities, clean rooms, pharmaceutical plants.....etc. Please note that we engineer, design and manufacture products to your needs and specifications. We can either manufacture products according to your specifications or, If desired, we can help you in choosing the right materials and designing the product. You can click on the blue highlighted text below and download the industrial chemicals and consumables product brochures: - Filters & Filtration Products & Membranes - Private Label Aerosols and Sprays We can label these products with your name and logo if you wish - Private Label Cleanroom Consumables and Apparel We can label these products with your name and logo if you wish - Private Label Epoxy Solutions for Construction, Electrical, Industrial Assembly (We can put your name, label, logo on these epoxies if you wish) - Private Label Nano Surface Protection Car Care Products We can label these products with your name and logo if you wish - Private Label Nano Surface Protection Industrial Products We can label these products with your name and logo if you wish - Private Label Nano Surface Protection Marine Products We can label these products with your name and logo if you wish - Private Label Nano Surface Protection Products We can label these products with your name and logo if you wish - Private Label Tapes for Every Application We can label these products with your name and logo if you wish RÛPERA BERÊ