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Cams, Followers, Linkages, Ratchet Wheels Manufacturing, OD or Plate Cam, Barrel Conjugate Dual Cam, Harmonic Transformer, Positive Motion Cam - AGS-TECH Inc. Производство на камери и следбеници и врски и тркала со стакленца CAMS / FOLLOWERS / LINKAGES / RATCHET WHEELS: A CAM is a machine element designed to generate a desired motion in a follower by means of direct contact. Cams are generally mounted on rotating shafts, even though they can be used so that they remain stationary and the follower moves about them. Cams may also produce oscillating motion or may convert motions from one form to another. The shape of a cam is always determined by the motion of the CAM FOLLOWER. A cam is the end product of a desired follower movement. A MECHANICAL LINKAGE is an assembly of bodies connected to manage forces and movement. Combinations of the crank, link, and sliding elements are commonly termed bar linkages. Linkages are essentially straight members joined together. Only a small number of dimensions need to be held closely. The joints make use of standard bearings, and the links in effect form a solid chain. Systems having cams and linkages convert rotary motion into reciprocating or oscillating motion. RATCHET WHEELS are used to transform reciprocating or oscillatory motion into intermittent motion, to transmit motion in one direction only, or as an indexing device. We offer our customers the following TYPES OF CAMS: - OD or plate cam - Barrel cam (drum or cylinder) - Dual cam - Conjugate cam - Face cam - Combination drum and plate cam - Globoidal cam for automatic tool changer - Positive motion cam - Indexing drive - Multi - station drive - Geneva - type drives We have the following CAM FOLLOWERS: - Flat face follower - Radial follower / Offset radial follower - Swinging follower - Conjugate radial dual roller followers - Closed-cam follower - Spring-loaded conjugate cam roller - Conjugate swing arm dual-roller follower - Index cam follower - Roller followers (round, flat, roller, offset roller) - Yoke - type follower Click here to download our brochure for Cam Followers Some of the MAJOR TYPES OF MOTIONS produced by our cams are: - Uniform motion (constant - velocity motion) - Parabolic motion - Harmonic motion - Cycloidal motion - Modified trapezoidal motion - Modified sine-curve motion - Synthesized, modified sine - harmonic motion Cams have advantages over kinematic four-bar linkages. Cams are easier to design and actions produced by cams can be more accurately forecast. For example, with linkages it is very difficult to cause the follower system to remain stationary during portions of cycles. On the other hand, with cams this is accomplished by a contour surface that runs concentric with the rotation center. We design cams with special computer programs accurately. With standard cam motions we can produce a predetermined motion, velocity and acceleration during a specific portion of a cam cycle, which would be much more difficult using linkages. When designing high quality cams for fast machines, we take into account proper dynamic design considering velocity, acceleration and jerk characteristics of the follower system. This includes vibrational analysis as well as shaft torque analysis. Also of utmost importance are proper material selection for cams taking into account factors such as stresses present, wear, lifetime and cost of the system where the cams will be installed. Our software tools and design experience allows us to optimize cam size for best performance and material & cost savings. To produce master cams, we prepare or obtain from our clients a table of cam radii with corresponding cam angles. Cams are then cut on a milling machine by point settings. As a result, a cam surface with a series of ridges is obtained which is subsequently filed down to a smooth profile. The cam radius, cutting radius and frequency of machine settings determine the extent of filing and accuracy of the cam profile. To produce accurate master cams, settings are in 0.5 degree increments, calculated to seconds. Cam size depends primarily on three factors. These are the pressure angle, curvature of profile, camshaft size. Secondary factors affecting cam size are cam-follower stresses, available cam material and space available for the cam. A cam is of no value and useless without a follower linkage. A linkage is generally a group of levers and links. Linkage mechanisms offer a number of advantages over cams, with the exception that the functions must be continuous. LINKAGES we offer are: - Harmonic transformer - Four-bar linkage - Straight-line mechanism - Cam linkage / Systems having linkages and cams Click on highlighted text to download our catalog for our NTN Model Constant Velocity Joints for Industrial Machines Download Catalog of Rod Ends and Spherical Plain Bearings Ratchet wheels are used to transform reciprocating or oscillating motion to intermittent motion, to transmit motion in one direction only or as indexing devices. Ratchets are generally lower in cost than cams and a ratchet has different capabilities than a cam. When motion needs to be transmitted at intervals instead of continuously and if the loads are light, ratchets can be ideal. RATCHET WHEELS we offer are: - External ratchet - U-shaped pawl - Double-acting rotary ratchet - Internal ratchet - Friction ratchet - Sheet metal ratchet and pawl - Ratchet with two pawls - Ratchet assemblies (wrench, jack) КЛИКНЕТЕ Услуга за пронаоѓање на производи-локатор ПРЕТХОДНА СТРАНИЦА

Industrial leather products including honing and sharpening belts, leather transmission belts, sewing machine leather treadle belt, leather tool organizers and holders, leather gun holsters, leather steering wheel covers and more. Индустриски кожни производи Industrial leather products manufactured include: - Leather Honing and Sharpening Belts - Leather Transmission Belts - Sewing Machine Leather Treadle Belt - Leather Tool Organizers & Holders - Leather Gun Holsters Leather is a natural product with outstanding properties that make it a good fit for many applications. Industrial leather belts are used in power transmissions, as sewing machine leather treadle belts as well as fastening, securing, honing and sharpening of metal blades among many others. Besides our off-shelf industrial leather belts listed in our brochures, endless belts and special lengths / widths can also be produced for you. Applications of industrial leather includes Flat Leather Belting for power transmission and Round Leather Belting for Industrial Sewing Machines. Industrial leather is one of the oldest types of manufactured products. Our Vegetable Tanned Industrial leathers are pit tanned for many months and heavily dressed with a mixture of oils and greased to give its ultimate strength. Our Chrome Industrial Leathers can be manufactured in various ways, waxed, oiled or dry for moulding. We offer a chrome-retanned leather manufactured to withstand very high temperatures and they can be used for hydraulic applications and packings. Our Chrome Friction leathers are designed to have extraordinary abrasion properties. Various Shore Hardnesses are available. Many other applications of industrial leather products exist, including wearable tool organizers, tool holders, leather threads, steering wheel covers...etc. We are here to help you in your projects. A blueprint, a sketch, a photo or sample can serve to make us understand your product needs. We can either manufacture the industrial leather product according to your design, or we can help you in your design work and once you approve the final design, we can manufacture the product for you. Since we supply a wide variety of industrial leather products with different dimensions, applications and material grade; it is impossible to list them all here. We encourage you to email or call us so we can determine which product is the best fit for you. When contacting us, please make sure to inform us about: - Your application for the industrial leather products - Material grade desired & needed - Dimensions - Finish - Packaging requirements - Labeling requirements - Quantity ПРЕТХОДНА СТРАНИЦА

Machine Elements Manufacturing, Gears, Gear Drives, Bearings, Keys, Splines, Pins, Shafts, Seals, Fasteners, Clutch, Cams, Followers, Belts, Couplings, Shafts Machine Elements Manufacturing Прочитај повеќе Ремени и синџири и склопување на кабелски погон Прочитај повеќе Gears & Gear Drive Assembly Прочитај повеќе Couplings & Bearings Manufacturing Прочитај повеќе Производство на клучеви и шилести и иглички Прочитај повеќе Производство на камери и следбеници и врски и тркала со стакленца Прочитај повеќе Производство на шахти Прочитај повеќе Производство на механички заптивки Прочитај повеќе Склопување на спојката и сопирачката Прочитај повеќе Производство на сврзувачки елементи Прочитај повеќе Склопување на едноставни машини MACHINE ELEMENTS are elementary components of a machine. These elements consist of three basic types: 1.) Structural components including frame members, bearings, axles, splines, fasteners, seals, and lubricants. 2.) Mechanisms controlling movement in various ways such as gear trains, belt or chain drives, linkages, cam and follower systems, brakes & clutches. 3.) Control components like buttons, switches, indicators, sensors, actuators and computer controllers. Most of the machine elements we offer you are standardized to common sizes, but custom made machine elements are also available for your specialized applications. Customization of machine elements can take place on existing designs that are in our downloadable catalogs or on brand new designs. Prototyping and manufacturing of machine elements can be carried forward once a design is approved by both parties. If new machine elements need to be designed & manufactured, our customers either email us their own blueprints and we review them for approval, or they ask us to design machine elements for their application. In the latter case we use all input from our customers and design the machine elements and send the finalized blueprints to our clients for approval. Once approved, we produce first articles and subsequently manufacture the machine elements according to the final design. At any stage of this work, in case a particular machine element design performs unsatisfactorily in the field (which is rare), we review the entire project and make alterations jointly with our clients as needed. It is our standard practice to sign nondisclosure agreements (NDA) with our customers for the design of machine elements or any other product whenever needed or required. Once machine elements for a particular customer are custom designed and manufactured, we assign a product code to it and only produce and sell them to our customer who owns the product. We reproduce the machine elements using the developed tools, molds and procedures as many times as needed and whenever our customer reorders them. In other words, once a custom machine element is designed and produced for you, the intellectual property as well as all tooling and molds are reserved and stocked indefinitely by us for you and the products reproduced as you wish. We also offer our clients engineering services by creatively combining machine elements into a component or assembly that serves an application and meets or exceeds our customers expectations. Plants fabricating our machine elements are qualified by either ISO9001, QS9000 or TS16949. In addition, most of our products do have CE or UL mark and meet internationally relevant standards such as ISO, SAE, ASME, DIN. Please click on submenus to obtain detailed information about our machine elements including: - Belts, Chains and Cable Drives - Gears and Gear Drives - Couplings & Bearings - Keys & Splines & pins - Cams & Linkages - Shafts - Mechanical Seals - Industrial Clutch & Brake - Fasteners - Simple Machines We have prepared a reference brochure for our customers, designers and developers of new products including machine elements. You can familiar yourself with some commonly used terms in machine components design: Download brochure for Common Mechanical Engineering Terms used by Designers and Engineers Our machine elements find applications in a variety of fields such as industrial machinery, automation systems, test and metrology equipment, transportation equipment, construction machines and practically anywhere you can think of. AGS-TECH develops and manufactures machine elements from various materials depending on application. Materials used for machine elements could range from molded plastics used for toys to case hardened and specially coated steel for industrial machinery. Our designers use state of the art professional software and design tools for developing machine elements, taking into consideration details such as angles in gear teeth, stresses involved, wear rates….etc. Please scroll through our submenus and download our product brochures and catalogs to see if you can locate off-the-shelf machine elements for your application. If you cannot find a good match for your application, please let us know and we will work with you to develop and manufacture machine elements that will fulfill your needs. If you are mostly interested in our engineering and research & development capabilities instead of manufacturing capabilities, then we invite you to visit our website http://www.ags-engineering.com where you can find more detailed information about our design, product development, process development, engineering consulting services and more КЛИКНЕТЕ Услуга за пронаоѓање на производи-локатор ПРЕТХОДНА СТРАНИЦА

Thickness Gauges - Ultrasonic - Flaw Detector - Nondestructive Measurement of Thickness & Flaws from AGS-TECH Inc. - USA Мерачи и детектори за дебелина и недостатоци AGS-TECH Inc. offers ULTRASONIC FLAW DETECTORS and a number of different THICKNESS GAUGES with different principles of operation. One of the popular types are the ULTRASONIC THICKNESS GAUGES ( also referred to as UTM ) which are measuring instruments for the NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING & investigation of a material's thickness using ultrasonic waves. Another type is HALL EFFECT THICKNESS GAUGE ( also referred to as MAGNETIC BOTTLE THICKNESS GAUGE ). The Hall Effect thickness gauges offer the advantage of accuracy not being affected by the shape of samples. A third common type of NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING ( NDT ) instruments are EDDY CURRENT THICKNESS GAUGES. Eddy-current-type thickness gauges are electronic instruments that measure variations in impedance of an eddy-current inducing coil caused by coating thickness variations. They can only be used if the electrical conductivity of the coating differs significantly from that of the substrate. Yet a classical type of instruments are the DIGITAL THICKNESS GAUGES. They come in a variety of forms and capabilities. Most of them are relatively inexpensive instruments that rely on contacting two opposing surfaces of the specimen to measure thickness. Some of the brand name thickness gauges and ultrasonic flaw detectors we sell are SADT, SINOAGE and MITECH. ELCOMETER Inspection Equipment (material and corrosion thickness measurement, flaw detection instruments available) MITECH Multimode U ltrasonic T hickness G auges MT180 and MT190, please CLICK HERE MITECH P roduct C omparison T able for Flaw Detectors please click here. MITECH Ultrasonic F law D etector MODEL MFD620C please click here. Private Label Hand Tools for Every Industry (This catalog contains a few thickness gauges. We can private label these hand tools if you wish. In other words, we can put your company name, brand and label on them. This way you can promote your brand by reselling these to your customers.) SADT-SINOAGE Ultrasonic Thickness Gauges, please CLICK HERE. SADT-SINOAGE Brand Metrology and Test Equipment, please CLICK HERE. ULTRASONIC THICKNESS GAUGES : What makes ultrasonic measurements so attractive is their ability to gauge thickness without a need for accessing both sides of the test specimen. Various versions of these instruments such as ultrasonic coating thickness gauge, paint thickness gauge and digital thickness gauge are commercially available. A variety of materials including metals, ceramics, glasses and plastics can be tested. The instrument measures the amount of time it takes sound waves to traverse from the transducer through the material to the back end of the part and then the time which the reflection takes to get back to the transducer. From the time measured, the instrument calculates the thickness based on the speed of sound through the specimen. The transducer sensors are generally piezoelectric or EMAT. Thickness gauges with both a predetermined frequency as well as some with tunable frequencies are available. The tunable ones allow inspection of a wider range of materials. Typical ultrasonic thickness gauge frequencies are 5 mHz. Our thickness gauges offer the capability to save data and to output it to data logging devices. Ultrasonic thickness gauges are non-destructive testers, they do not require access to both sides of the test specimens, some models can be used on coatings and linings, accuracies less than 0.1mm can be obtained, easy to use on the field and no need for lab environment. Some disadvantages are the requirement of calibration for each material, need for good contact with the material which sometimes requires special coupling gels or petroleum jelly to be used at the device/sample contact interface. Popular application areas of portable ultrasonic thickness gauges are shipbuilding, construction industries, pipelines and pipe manufacturing, container and tank manufacturing....etc. The technicians can easily remove dirt and corrosion from the surfaces and then apply the coupling gel and press the probe against the metal to measure thickness. Hall Effect gages measure total wall thicknesses only, while ultrasonic gages are capable to measure individual layers in multilayer plastic products. In HALL EFFECT THICKNESS GAUGES the measurement accuracy will not be affected by the shape of samples. These devices are based on the theory of Hall Effect. For testing, the steel ball is placed on one side of the sample and the probe on the other side. The Hall Effect sensor on the probe measures the distance from the probe tip to the steel ball. The calculator will display the real thickness readings. As you can imagine, this non-destructive test method offers quick measurement for spot thickness on area where accurate measurement of corners, small radii, or complex shapes are required. In nondestructive testing, Hall Effect gages employ a probe containing a strong permanent magnet and a Hall semiconductor connected to a voltage measurement circuit. If a ferromagnetic target such as a steel ball of known mass is placed in the magnetic field, it bends the field, and this changes the voltage across the Hall sensor. As the target is moved away from the magnet, the magnetic field and hence the Hall voltage, change in a predictable manner. Plotting these changes, an instrument can generate a calibration curve that compares the measured Hall voltage to the distance of the target from the probe. The information entered into the instrument during the calibration allows the gage to establish a lookup table, in effect plotting a curve of voltage changes. During measurements, the gage checks the measured values against the lookup table and displays thickness on a digital screen. Users only need to key in known values during calibration and let the gage do the comparing and calculating. The calibration process is automatic. Advanced equipment versions offer display of the real time thickness readings and automatically captures the minimum thickness. Hall Effect thickness gauges are widely used in plastic packaging industry with rapid measurement ability, up to 16 times per second and accuracies of about ±1%. They can store thousands of thickness readings in memory. Resolutions of 0.01 mm or 0.001 mm (equivalent to 0.001” or 0.0001”) are possible. EDDY CURRENT TYPE THICKNESS GAUGES are electronic instruments that measure variations in impedance of an eddy-current inducing coil caused by coating thickness variations. They can only be used if the electrical conductivity of the coating differs significantly from that of the substrate. Eddy current techniques can be used for a number of dimensional measurements. The ability to make rapid measurements without the need for couplant or, in some cases even without the need for surface contact, makes eddy current techniques very useful. The type of measurements that can be made include thickness of thin metal sheet and foil, and of metallic coatings on metallic and nonmetallic substrate, cross-sectional dimensions of cylindrical tubes and rods, thickness of nonmetallic coatings on metallic substrates. One application where the eddy current technique is commonly used to measure material thickness is in the detection and characterization of corrosion damage & thinning on the skins of aircraft. Eddy current testing can be used to do spot checks or scanners can be used to inspect small areas. Eddy current inspection has an advantage over ultrasound in this application because no mechanical coupling is required to get the energy into the structure. Therefore, in multi-layered areas of the structure like lap splices, eddy current can often determine if corrosion thinning is present in buried layers. Eddy current inspection has an advantage over radiography for this application because only single sided access is required to perform the inspection. To get a piece of radiographic film on the back side of the aircraft skin might require uninstalling interior furnishings, panels, and insulation which could be very costly and damaging. Eddy current techniques are also used to measure the thickness of hot sheet, strip and foil in rolling mills. An important application of tube-wall thickness measurement is the detection and assessment of external and internal corrosion. Internal probes must be used when the external surfaces are not accessible, such as when testing pipes that are buried or supported by brackets. Success has been achieved in measuring thickness variations in ferromagnetic metal pipes with the remote field technique. Dimensions of cylindrical tubes and rods can be measured with either outer diameter coils or internal axial coils, whichever is appropriate. The relationship between change in impedance and change in diameter is fairly constant, with the exception at very low frequencies. Eddy current techniques can determine thickness changes down to about three percent of the skin thickness. It is also possible to measure the thicknesses of thin layers of metal on metallic substrates, provided the two metals have widely differing electrical conductivities. A frequency must be selected such that there is complete eddy current penetration of the layer, but not of the substrate itself. The method has also been used successfully for measuring thickness of very thin protective coatings of ferromagnetic metals (such as chromium and nickel) on non-ferromagnetic metal bases. On the other hand, the thickness of nonmetallic coatings on metal substrates can be determined simply from the effect of liftoff on impedance. This method is used for measuring the thickness of paint and plastic coatings. The coating serves as a spacer between the probe and the conductive surface. As the distance between the probe and the conductive base metal increases, the eddy current field strength decreases because less of the probe's magnetic field can interact with the base metal. Thicknesses between 0.5 and 25 µm can be measured with an accuracy between 10% for lower values and 4% for higher values. DIGITAL THICKNESS GAUGES : They rely on contacting two opposing surfaces of the specimen to measure thickness. Most digital thickness gauges are switchable from metric reading to inch reading. They are limited in their capabilities because proper contacting is needed to make accurate measurements. They are also more prone to operator error due to variations from user to user’s specimen handling differences as well as the wide differences in specimen properties such as hardness, elasticity….etc. They may be however sufficient for some applications and their prices are lower compared to the other types of thickness testers. The MITUTOYO brand is well recognized for its digital thickness gauges. Our PORTABLE ULTRASONIC THICKNESS GAUGES from SADT are: SADT Models SA40 / SA40EZ / SA50 : SA40 / SA40EZ are the miniaturized ultrasonic thickness gauges that can measure wall thickness and velocity. These intelligent gauges are designed to measure the thickness of both metallic and nonmetallic materials such as steel, aluminum, copper, brass, silver and etc. These versatile models can easily be equipped with the low & high frequency probes, high temperature probe for demanding application environments. The SA50 ultrasonic thickness meter is micro-processor controlled and is based on the ultrasonic measurement principle. It is capable of measuring the thickness and acoustic speed of ultrasound transmitted through various materials. The SA50 is designed to measure the thickness of standard metal materials and metal materials covered with coating. Download our SADT product brochure from above link to see differences in measuring range, resolution, accuracy, memory capacity, ….etc between these three models. SADT Models ST5900 / ST5900+ : These instruments are the miniaturized ultrasonic thickness gauges that can measure wall thicknesses. The ST5900 has a fixed velocity of 5900 m/s, which is used only for measuring the wall thickness of steel. On the other hand, the model ST5900+ is capable to adjust velocity between 1000~9990m/s so that it can measure the thickness of both metallic and nonmetallic materials like steel, aluminum, brass, silver,…. etc. For details on various probes please download product brochure from the above link. Our PORTABLE ULTRASONIC THICKNESS GAUGES from MITECH are: Multi-Mode Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge MITECH MT180 / MT190 : These are multi-mode ultrasonic thickness gauges based on the same operating principles as SONAR. The instrument is capable of measuring the thickness of various materials with accuracies as high as 0.1/0.01 millimeters. The multi-mode feature of the gauge allows the user to toggle between pulse-echo mode (flaw and pit detection), and echo-echo mode (filtering paint or coating thickness). Multi-mode: Pulse-Echo mode and Echo-Echo mode. The MITECH MT180 / MT190 models are capable of performing measurements on a wide range of materials, including metals, plastic, ceramics, composites, epoxies, glass and other ultrasonic wave conducting materials. Various transducer models are available for special applications such as coarse grain materials and high temperature environments. The instruments offer Probe-Zero function, Sound-Velocity-Calibration function, Two-Point Calibration function, Single Point Mode and Scan Mode. The MITECH MT180 / MT190 models are capable of seven measurement readings per second in the single point mode, and sixteen per second in the scan mode. They have coupling status indicator, option for Metric/Imperial unit selection, battery information indicator for the remaining capacity of the battery, auto sleep and auto power off function to conserve battery life, optional software to process the memory data on the PC. For details on various probes and transducers please download product brochure from the above link. ULTRASONIC FLAW DETECTORS : Modern versions are small, portable, microprocessor-based instruments suitable for plant and field use. High frequency sound waves are used to detect hidden cracks, porosity, voids, flaws and discontinuities in solids such as ceramic, plastic, metal, alloys…etc. These ultrasonic waves reflect from or transmit through such flaws in the material or product in predictable ways and produce distinctive echo patterns. Ultrasonic flaw detectors are nondestructive test instruments (NDT testing). They are popular in testing of welded structures, structural materials, manufacturing materials. The majority of ultrasonic flaw detectors operate at frequencies between 500,000 and 10,000,000 cycles per second (500 KHz to 10 MHz), far beyond the audible frequencies our ears can detect. In ultrasonic flaw detection, generally the lower limit of detection for a small flaw is one-half wavelength and anything smaller than that will be invisible to the test instrument. The expression summarizing a sound wave is: Wavelength = Speed of Sound / Frequency Sound waves in solids exhibit various modes of propagation: - A longitudinal or compression wave is characterized by particle motion in the same direction as wave propagation. In other words the waves travel as a result of compressions and rarefactions in the medium. - A shear / transverse wave exhibits particle motion perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. - A surface or Rayleigh wave has an elliptical particle motion and travels across the surface of a material, penetrating to a depth of approximately one wavelength. Seismic waves in earthquakes are also Rayleigh waves. - A plate or Lamb wave is a complex mode of vibration observed in thin plates where material thickness is less than one wavelength and the wave fills the entire cross-section of the medium. Sound waves may be converted from one form to another. When sound travels through a material and encounters a boundary of another material, a portion of the energy will be reflected back and a portion transmitted through. The amount of energy reflected, or reflection coefficient, is related to the relative acoustic impedance of the two materials. Acoustic impedance in turn is a material property defined as density multiplied by the speed of sound in a given material. For two materials, the reflection coefficient as a percentage of incident energy pressure is: R = (Z2 - Z1) / (Z2 + Z1) R = reflection coefficient (e.g. percentage of energy reflected) Z1 = acoustic impedance of first material Z2 = acoustic impedance of second material In ultrasonic flaw detection, the reflection coefficient approaches 100% for metal / air boundaries, which can be interpreted as all of the sound energy being reflected from a crack or discontinuity in the path of the wave. This makes ultrasonic flaw detection possible. When it comes to reflection and refraction of sound waves, the situation is similar to that of light waves. Sound energy at ultrasonic frequencies is highly directional and the sound beams used for flaw detection are well defined. When sound reflects off a boundary, the angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence. A sound beam that hits a surface at perpendicular incidence will reflect straight back. Sound waves that are transmitted from one material to another bend in accordance to Snell's Law of refraction. Sound waves hitting a boundary at an angle will be bent according to the formula: Sin Ø1/Sin Ø2 = V1/V2 Ø1 = Incident angle in first material Ø2= Refracted angle in second material V1 = Velocity of sound in the first material V2 = Velocity of sound in the second material Transducers of ultrasonic flaw detectors have an active element made of a piezoelectric material. When this element is vibrated by an incoming sound wave, it generates an electrical pulse. When it is excited by a high voltage electrical pulse, it vibrates across a specific spectrum of frequencies and generates sound waves. Because sound energy at ultrasonic frequencies does not travel efficiently through gasses, a thin layer of coupling gel is used between the transducer and the test piece. Ultrasonic transducers used in flaw detection applications are: - Contact Transducers: These are used in direct contact with the test piece. They send sound energy perpendicular to the surface and are typically used for locating voids, porosity, cracks, delaminations parallel to the outside surface of a part, as well as for measuring thickness. - Angle Beam Transducers: They are used in conjunction with plastic or epoxy wedges (angle beams) to introduce shear waves or longitudinal waves into a test piece at a designated angle with respect to the surface. They are popular in weld inspection. - Delay Line Transducers: These incorporate a short plastic waveguide or delay line between the active element and the test piece. They are used to improve near surface resolution. They are suitable for high temperature testing, where the delay line protects the active element from thermal damage. - Immersion Transducers: These are designed to couple sound energy into the test piece through a water column or water bath. They are used in automated scanning applications and also in situations where a sharply focused beam is needed for improved flaw resolution. - Dual Element Transducers: These utilize separate transmitter and receiver elements in a single assembly. They are often used in applications involving rough surfaces, coarse grained materials, detection of pitting or porosity. Ultrasonic flaw detectors generate and display an ultrasonic waveform interpreted with the aid of analysis software, to locate flaws in materials and finished products. Modern devices include an ultrasonic pulse emitter & receiver, hardware and software for signal capture and analysis, a waveform display, and a data logging module. Digital signal processing is used for stability and precision. The pulse emitter & receiver section provides an excitation pulse to drive the transducer, and amplification and filtering for the returning echoes. Pulse amplitude, shape, and damping can be controlled to optimize transducer performance, and receiver gain and bandwidth can be adjusted to optimize signal-to-noise ratios. Advanced version flaw detectors capture a waveform digitally and then perform various measurement and analysis on it. A clock or timer is used to synchronize transducer pulses and provide distance calibration. Signal processing generates a waveform display that shows signal amplitude versus time on a calibrated scale, digital processing algorithms incorporate distance & amplitude correction and trigonometric calculations for angled sound paths. Alarm gates monitor signal levels at selected points in the wave train and flag echoes from flaws. Screens with multicolor displays are calibrated in units of depth or distance. Internal data loggers record full waveform and setup information associated with each test, information like echo amplitude, depth or distance readings, presence or absence of alarm conditions. Ultrasonic flaw detection is basically a comparative technique. Using appropriate reference standards along with a knowledge of sound wave propagation and generally accepted test procedures, a trained operator identifies specific echo patterns corresponding to the echo response from good parts and from representative flaws. The echo pattern from a tested material or product may then be compared to the patterns from these calibration standards to determine its condition. An echo that precedes the backwall echo implies the presence of a laminar crack or void. Analysis of the reflected echo reveals the depth, size, and shape of the structure. In some cases testing is performed in a through transmission mode. In such a case the sound energy travels between two transducers placed on opposite sides of the test piece. If a large flaw is present in the sound path, the beam will be blocked and the sound will not reach the receiver. Cracks and flaws perpendicular to the surface of a test piece, or tilted with respect to that surface, are usually invisible with straight beam test techniques because of their orientation with respect to the sound beam. In such cases which are common in welded structures, angle beam techniques are used, employing either common angle beam transducer assemblies or immersion transducers aligned so as to direct sound energy into the test piece at a selected angle. As the angle of an incident longitudinal wave with respect to a surface increases, an increasing portion of the sound energy is converted to a shear wave in the second material. If the angle is high enough, all of the energy in the second material will be in the form of shear waves. The energy transfer is more efficient at the incident angles that generate shear waves in steel and similar materials. In addition, the minimum flaw size resolution is improved through the use of shear waves, since at a given frequency, the wavelength of a shear wave is approximately 60% the wavelength of a comparable longitudinal wave. The angled sound beam is highly sensitive to cracks perpendicular to the far surface of the test piece and, after bouncing off the far side it is highly sensitive to cracks perpendicular to the coupling surface. Our ultrasonic flaw detectors from SADT / SINOAGE are: Ultrasonic Flaw Detector SADT SUD10 and SUD20 : SUD10 is a portable, microprocessor-based instrument used widely in manufacturing plants and in the field. SADT SUD10, is a smart digital device with new EL display technology. SUD10 offers almost all functions of a professional nondestructive test instrument. The SADT SUD20 model has the same functions as SUD10, but is smaller and lighter. Here are some features of these devices: -High-speed capture and very low noise -DAC, AVG, B Scan -Solid metal housing (IP65) -Automated video of test process and play -High contrast viewing of the waveform at bright, direct sunlight as well as complete darkness. Easy reading from all angles. -Powerful PC software & data can be exported to Excel -Automated calibration of transducer Zero, Offset and/or Velocity -Automated gain, peak hold and peak memory functions -Automated display of precise flaw location (Depth d, level p, distance s, amplitude, sz dB, Ø) -Automated switch for three gauges (Depth d, level p, distance s) -Ten independent setup functions, any criteria can be input freely, can work in the field without test block -Big memory of 300 A graph and 30000 thickness values -A&B Scan -RS232/USB port, communication with PC is easy -The embedded software can be updated online -Li battery, continuous working time of up to 8 hours -Display freezing function -Automatic echo degree -Angles and K-value -Lock and unlock function of system parameters -Dormancy and screen savers -Electronic clock calendar -Two gates setting and alarm indication For details download our SADT / SINOAGE brochure from the link above. Some of our ultrasonic detectors from MITECH are: MFD620C Portable Ultrasonic Flaw Detector with hi-resolution color TFT LCD display. The background color and the wave color can be selectable according to the environment. LCD brightness can be manually set. Continue working for over 8 hours with high performance lithium-ion battery module (with large capacity lithium-ion battery option), easy to be dismantled and the battery module can be charged independently outside the device. It is light and portable, easily to be taken by one hand; easy operation; superior reliability guarantees long lifetime. Range: 0~6000mm (at steel velocity); range selectable in fixed steps or continuously variable. Pulser: Spike excitation with low, middle and high choices of the pulse energy. Pulse Repetition Rate: manually adjustable from 10 to 1000 Hz. Pulse width: Adjustable in a certain range to match different probes. Damping: 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 selectable to meet different resolution and sensitivity needs. Probe working mode: Single element, dual element and through transmission; Receiver: Real-time sampling at 160MHz high speed, enough to record the defect information. Rectification: Positive half wave, negative half wave, full wave, and RF : DB Step: 0dB, 0.1 dB, 2dB, 6dB step value as well as auto-gain mode Alarm: Alarm with sound and light Memory: Total 1000 configuration channels, all instrument operating parameters plus DAC/AVG curve can be stored; stored configuration data can be easily previewed and recalled for quick, repeatable instrument setup. Total 1000 datasets store all instrument operating parameters plus A-scan. All the configuration channels and datasets can be transferred to PC via USB port. Functions: Peak Hold: Automatically searches the peak wave inside the gate and holds it on the display. Equivalent diameter calculation: find out the peak echo and calculate its equivalent diameter. Continuous Record: Record the display continuously and save it to the memory inside the instrument. Defect Localization: Localize the defect position, including the distance, the depth and its plane projection distance. Defect Sizing: Calculate the defect size Defect Evaluation: Evaluate the defect by echo envelope. DAC: Distance Amplitude Correction AVG: Distance Gain Size curve function Crack measure: Measure and calculate the crack depth B-Scan: Display the cross-section of the test block. Real-Time Clock: Real time clock for tracking the time. Communication: USB2.0 high-speed communication port For details and other similar equipment, please visit our equipment website: http://www.sourceindustrialsupply.com КЛИКНЕТЕ Услуга за пронаоѓање на производи-локатор PREVIOUS PAGE

Manufacturing and Assembly of Simple Machines, Lever Assembly, Wheel and Axle, Pulley, Pulley System, Hoist, Inclined Plane, Wedge, Screws from AGS-TECH Inc. Склопување на едноставни машини A SIMPLE MACHINE is a mechanical device that changes the direction or magnitude of a force. SIMPLE MACHINES can be defined as the simplest mechanisms that provide mechanical advantage. In other words, simple machines are devices with few or no moving parts that make work easier. Mechanical advantage is an advantage gained by using simple machines to accomplish work with less effort. The goal is to make the task easier (which means it requires less force), but this may necessitate more time or room to work (more distance, rope, etc.). An example of this is, applying a smaller force over a longer distance to achieve the same effect as applying a large force over a small distance. Mathematically speaking mechanical advantage is the ratio of the output force exerted by a simple machine to the input force applied to it. Simple machines have been around for a very long time. Using simple machines, Egyptians built the Great Pyramids thousands of years ago. Simple machines will always be around in more advanced forms as building blocks of compound machines and other complex machinery. Simple machines we supply our clients can be broadly categorized as: - Lever, Lever Assembly - Wheel and axle assemblies - Pulley & Hoist, Pulley Systems - Inclined plane - Wedge and wedge based systems - Screw and screw systems A simple machine is an elementary device that has a specific movement (often called a mechanism), which can be combined with other devices and movements to form a machine. Thus simple machines are considered to be the ''building blocks'' of more complicated machines. As an example, a lawn mover may incorporate six simple machines. We do use visual simulation tools in the design of some simple machines, which aids in the optimization process. To give you a more familiar example, a bicycle may have the following simple machines: Levers: Shifters, the pedal levers, derailleurs, handlebars, freewheel assembly, brakes. Wheel and axle: The wheels, pedals, crankset Pulleys: Parts of the shifting and braking mechanisms, drive train (chain and gears). Screws: Many of these hold parts together Wedges: The teeth on the gears. Some gooseneck assemblies where the handlebars attach to the front fork tube may employ a wedge to tighten the connection. A COMPOUND MACHINE is a device that combines two or more simple machines. Using the six basic simple machines, various compound machines can be assembled. There are many simple and compound machines in our homes. Some examples of the compound machines used at home are can openers (wedge and lever), exercise machines/cranes/tow trucks (levers and pulleys), wheel barrow (wheel and axle and lever). As an example, a wheelbarrow combines the use of a wheel and axle with a lever. Car jacks are examples of screw-type simple machines that enable one person to lift up the side of a car. Many of the machine elements we manufacture and supply our customers are used in the assembly of simple machines. The choice of materials, coatings and fabrication processes are very important and depends on the application of the simple machine being designed for a particular task. We will always be pleased to guide you in the design phases of your simple machines and manufacture them for you with the highest quality. Simple machines AGS-TECH Inc. has manufactured are being used in automobiles, motorcycles, auto lift equipment, conveyor systems, production equipment and machines, consumer electronics and goods. Here are brochures and catalogs of some of our off-shelf simple machines for downloading (please click on highlighted text below): - Slewing Drives - Slewing Rings - V-Pulleys - Timing Pulleys - Worm Gear Speed Reducers - WP Model - Worm Gear Speed Reducers - NMRV Model - T-Type Spiral Bevel Gear Redirector - Worm Gear Screw Jacks КЛИКНЕТЕ Услуга за пронаоѓање на производи-локатор ПРЕТХОДНА СТРАНИЦА

Plasma Machining - HF Plasma Cutting - Plasma Gouging - CNC - Plasma Arc Welding - PAW - GTAW - AGS-TECH Inc. - New Mexico Плазма обработка и сечење We use the PLASMA CUTTING and PLASMA MACHINING processes to cut and machine steel, aluminum, metals and other materials of different thicknesses using a plasma torch. In plasma-cutting (also sometimes called PLASMA-ARC CUTTING), an inert gas or compressed air is blown at high speed out of a nozzle and simultaneously an electrical arc is formed through that gas from the nozzle to the surface being cut, turning a portion of that gas to plasma. To simplify, plasma can be described as the fourth state of matter. The three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas. For a common example, water, these three states are ice, water and steam. The difference between these states relates to their energy levels. When we add energy in the form of heat to ice, it melts and forms water. When we add more energy, the water vaporizes in the form of steam. By adding more energy to steam these gases become ionized. This ionization process causes the gas to become electrically conductive. We call this electrically conductive, ionized gas a “plasma”. The plasma is very hot and melts the metal being cut and at the same time blowing the molten metal away from the cut. We use plasma for cutting thin and thick, ferrous and nonferrous materials alike. Our hand-held torches can usually cut up to 2 inches thick steel plate, and our stronger computer-controlled torches can cut steel up to 6 inches thick. Plasma cutters produce a very hot and localized cone to cut with, and are therefore very suitable for cutting metal sheets in curved and angled shapes. The temperatures generated in plasma-arc cutting are very high and around 9673 Kelvin in the oxygen plasma torch. This offers us a fast process, small kerf width, and good surface finish. In our systems using tungsten electrodes, the plasma is inert, formed using either argon, argon-H2 or nitrogen gases. However, we also use sometimes oxidizing gases, such as air or oxygen, and in those systems the electrode is copper with hafnium. The advantage of an air plasma torch is that it uses air instead of expensive gases, thus potentially reducing overall cost of machining . Our HF-TYPE PLASMA CUTTING machines use a high-frequency, high-voltage spark to ionize the air through the torch head and initiate arcs. Our HF plasma cutters do not require the torch to be in contact with the workpiece material at the start, and are suitable for applications involving COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL (CNC) cutting. Other manufacturers are using primitive machines that require tip contact with the parent metal to start and then the gap separation occurs. These more primitive plasma cutters are more susceptible to contact tip and shield damage at starting. Our PILOT-ARC TYPE PLASMA machines use a two step process for producing plasma, without the need for initial contact. In the first step, a high-voltage, low current circuit is used to initialize a very small high-intensity spark within the torch body, generating a small pocket of plasma gas. This is called the pilot arc. The pilot arc has a return electrical path built into the torch head. The pilot arc is maintained and preserved until it is brought into proximity of the workpiece. There the pilot arc ignites the main plasma cutting arc. Plasma arcs are extremely hot and are in the range of 25,000 °C = 45,000 °F. A more traditional method we also deploy is OXYFUEL-GAS CUTTING (OFC) where we use a torch as in welding. The operation is used in cutting of steel, cast iron and cast steel. The principle of cutting in oxyfuel-gas cutting is based on oxidation, burning and melting of the steel. Kerf widths in oxyfuel-gas cutting are in the neighborhood of 1.5 to 10mm. The plasma arc process has been seen as an alternative to the oxy-fuel process. The plasma-arc process differs from the oxy-fuel process in that it operates by using the arc to melt the metal whereas in the oxy-fuel process, the oxygen oxidizes the metal and the heat from the exothermic reaction melts the metal. Therefore, unlike the oxy-fuel process, the plasma-process can be applied for cutting metals which form refractory oxides such as stainless steel, aluminium, and non-ferrous alloys. PLASMA GOUGING a similar process to plasma cutting, is typically performed with the same equipment as plasma cutting. Instead of cutting the material, plasma gouging uses a different torch configuration. The torch nozzle and gas diffuser is usually different, and a longer torch-to-workpiece distance is maintained for blowing away metal. Plasma gouging can be used in various applications, including removing a weld for rework. Some of our plasma cutters are built in to the CNC table. CNC tables have a computer to control the torch head to produce clean sharp cuts. Our modern CNC plasma equipment is capable of multi-axis cutting of thick materials and allowing opportunities for complex welding seams that are not possible otherwise. Our plasma-arc cutters are highly automated through the use of programmable controls. For thinner materials, we prefer laser cutting to plasma cutting, mostly because of our laser cutter's superior hole-cutting abilities. We also deploy vertical CNC plasma cutting machines, offering us a smaller footprint, increased flexibility, better safety and faster operation. The quality of the plasma cut edge is similar to that achieved with the oxy-fuel cutting processes. However, because the plasma process cuts by melting, a characteristic feature is the greater degree of melting towards the top of the metal resulting in top edge rounding, poor edge squareness or a bevel on the cut edge. We use new models of plasma torches with a smaller nozzle and a thinner plasma arc to improve arc constriction to produce more uniform heating at the top and bottom of the cut. This allows us to obtain near-laser precision on plasma cut and machined edges. Our HIGH TOLERANCE PLASMA ARC CUTTING (HTPAC) systems operate with a highly constricted plasma. Focusing of the plasma is achieved by forcing the oxygen generated plasma to swirl as it enters the plasma orifice and a secondary flow of gas is injected downstream of the plasma nozzle. We have a separate magnetic field surrounding the arc. This stabilises the plasma jet by maintaining the rotation induced by the swirling gas. By combining precision CNC control with these smaller and thinner torches we are capable to produce parts that require little or no finishing. Material removal rates in plasma-machining are much higher than in the Electric-Discharge-Machining (EDM) and Laser-Beam-Machining (LBM) processes, and parts can be machined with good reproducibility. PLASMA ARC WELDING (PAW) is a process similar to gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). The electric arc is formed between an electrode generally made of sintered tungsten and the workpiece. The key difference from GTAW is that in PAW, by positioning the electrode within the body of the torch, the plasma arc can be separated from the shielding gas envelope. The plasma is then forced through a fine-bore copper nozzle which constricts the arc and the plasma exiting the orifice at high velocities and temperatures approaching 20,000 °C. Plasma arc welding is an advancement over the GTAW process. The PAW welding process uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode and an arc constricted through a fine-bore copper nozzle. PAW can be used to join all metals and alloys that are weldable with GTAW. Several basic PAW process variations are possible by varying the current, plasma gas flow rate, and the orifice diameter, including: Micro-plasma (< 15 Amperes) Melt-in mode (15–400 Amperes) Keyhole mode (>100 Amperes) In plasma arc welding (PAW) we obtain a greater energy concentration as compared to GTAW. Deep and narrow penetration is achievable, with a maximum depth of 12 to 18 mm (0.47 to 0.71 in) depending on the material. Greater arc stability allows a much longer arc length (stand-off), and much greater tolerance to arc length changes. As a disadvantage however, PAW requires relatively expensive and complex equipment as compared to GTAW. Also the torch maintenance is critical and more challenging. Other disadvantages of PAW are: Welding procedures tend to be more complex and less tolerant to variations in fit-up, etc. Operator skill required is a little more than for GTAW. Orifice replacement is necessary. КЛИКНЕТЕ Услуга за пронаоѓање на производи-локатор ПРЕТХОДНА СТРАНИЦА

Electric Discharge Machining - EDM - Spark Machining - Die Sinking - Wire Erosion - Custom Manufacturing - AGS-TECH Inc. EDM обработка, глодање и мелење со електрично празнење ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING (EDM), also referred to as SPARK-EROSION or ELECTRODISCHARGE MACHINING, SPARK ERODING, DIE SINKING or WIRE EROSION, is a NON-CONVENTIONAL MANUFACTURING process where erosion of metals takes place and desired shape is obtained using electrical discharges in the form of sparks. We also offer some varieties of EDM, namely NO-WEAR EDM, WIRE EDM (WEDM), EDM GRINDING (EDG), DIE-SINKING EDM, ELECTRICAL-DISCHARGE MILLING, micro-EDM, m-EDM and ELECTROCHEMICAL-DISCHARGE GRINDING (ECDG). Our EDM systems consist of shaped tools/electrode and the workpiece connected to DC power supplies and inserted in a electrically nonconducting dielectric fluid. After 1940 electrical discharge machining has become one of the most important and popular production technologies in manufacturing industries. When the distance between the two electrodes is reduced, the intensity of the electric field in the volume between the electrodes becomes greater than the strength of the dielectric in some points, which breaks, eventually forming a bridge for current to flow between the two electrodes. An intense electrical arc is generated causing significant heating to melt a portion of the workpiece and some of the tooling material. As a result, material is removed from both the electrodes. At the same time, the dielectric fluid is heated rapidly, resulting in evaporation of the fluid in the arc gap. Once the current flow stops or it is stopped heat is removed from the gas bubble by the surrounding dielectric fluid and the bubble cavitates (collapses). The shock wave created by the bubble’s collapse and the flow of dielectric fluid flush debris from the workpiece surface and entrain any molten workpiece material into the dielectric fluid. The repetition rate for these discharges are between 50 to 500 kHz, voltages between 50 to 380 V and currents between 0.1 and 500 Amperes. New liquid dielectric such as mineral oils, kerosene or distilled & deionized water is usually conveyed into the inter-electrode volume carrying away the solid particles (in the form of debris) and the insulating proprieties of the dielectric is restored. After a current flow, the potential difference between the two electrodes is restored to what it was before the breakdown, so a new liquid dielectric breakdown can occur. Our modern electrical discharge machines (EDM) offer numerically controlled movements and are equipped with pumps and filtering systems for the dielectric fluids. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a machining method mainly used for hard metals or those that would be very difficult to machine with conventional techniques. EDM typically works with any materials that are electrical conductors, although methods for machining insulating ceramics with EDM have also been proposed. The melting point and latent heat of melting are properties that determine the volume of metal removed per discharge. The higher these values, the slower the material removal rate. Because the electrical discharge machining process does not involve any mechanical energy, the hardness, strength, and toughness of the workpiece do not affect the removal rate. Discharge frequency or energy per discharge, the voltage and current are varied to control material removal rates. Rate of material removal and surface roughness increase with increasing current density and decreasing spark frequency. We can cut intricate contours or cavities in pre-hardened steel using EDM without the need for heat treatment to soften and re-harden them. We can use this method with any metal or metal alloys like titanium, hastelloy, kovar, and inconel. Applications of the EDM process include shaping of polycrystalline diamond tools. EDM is considered a non-traditional or non-conventional machining method along with processes such as electrochemical machining (ECM), water jet cutting (WJ, AWJ), laser cutting. On the other hand the conventional machining methods include turning, milling, grinding, drilling and other process whose material removal mechanism is essentially based on mechanical forces. Electrodes for electrical-discharge machining (EDM) are made of graphite, brass, copper and copper-tungsten alloy. Electrode diameters down to 0.1mm are possible. Since tool wear is an undesired phenomenon adversely affecting dimensional accuracy in EDM, we take advantage of a process called NO-WEAR EDM, by reversing polarity and using copper tools to minimize tool wear. Ideally speaking, the electrical-discharge machining (EDM) can be considered a series of breakdown and restoration of the dielectric liquid between the electrodes. In reality however, the removal of the debris from the inter-electrode area is almost always partial. This causes the electrical proprieties of the dielectric in the inter-electrodes area to be different from their nominal values and vary with time. The inter-electrode distance, (spark-gap), is adjusted by the control algorithms of the specific machine used. The spark-gap in EDM can unfortunately sometimes be short-circuited by the debris. The control system of the electrode may fail to react quickly enough to prevent the two electrodes (tool and workpiece) from short circuiting. This unwanted short circuit contributes to material removal differently from the ideal case. We pay utmost importance to flushing action in order to restore the insulating properties of the dielectric so that the current always happens in the point of the inter-electrode area, thereby minimizing the possibility of unwanted change of shape (damage) of the tool-electrode and workpiece. To obtain a specific geometry, the EDM tool is guided along the desired path very close to the workpiece without touching it, We pay utmost attention to the performance of motion control in use. This way, a large number of current discharges / sparks take place, and each contributes to the removal of material from both tool and workpiece, where small craters are formed. The size of the craters is a function of the technological parameters set for the specific job at hand and dimensions may range from the nanoscale (such as in the case of micro-EDM operations) to some hundreds of micrometers in roughing conditions. These small craters on the tool cause gradual erosion of the electrode called “tool wear”. To counteract the detrimental effect of the wear on the geometry of the workpiece we continuously replace the tool-electrode during a machining operation. Sometimes we achieve this by using a continuously replaced wire as electrode ( this EDM process is also called WIRE EDM ). Sometimes we use the tool-electrode in such a way that only a small portion of it is actually engaged in the machining process and this portion is changed on a regular basis. This is, for instance, the case when using a rotating disk as a tool-electrode. This process is called EDM GRINDING. Yet another technique we deploy consists of using a set of electrodes with different sizes and shapes during the same EDM operation to compensate for wear. We call this multiple electrode technique, and is most commonly used when the tool electrode replicates in negative the desired shape and is advanced towards the blank along a single direction, usually the vertical direction (i.e. z-axis). This resembles the sink of the tool into the dielectric liquid in which the workpiece is immersed, and therefore it is referred to as DIE-SINKING EDM (sometimes called CONVENTIONAL EDM or RAM EDM). The machines for this operation are called SINKER EDM. The electrodes for this type of EDM have complex forms. If the final geometry is obtained using a usually simple-shaped electrode moved along several directions and is also subject to rotations, we call it EDM MILLING. The amount of wear is strictly dependent on the technological parameters used in the operation ( polarity, maximum current, open circuit voltage). For example, in micro-EDM, also known as m-EDM, these parameters are usually set at values which generates severe wear. Therefore, wear is a major problem in that area which we minimize using our accumulated know-how. For example to minimize wear to graphite electrodes, a digital generator, controllable within milliseconds, reverses polarity as electro-erosion takes place. This results in an effect similar to electroplating that continuously deposits the eroded graphite back on the electrode. In another method, a so-called ''Zero Wear'' circuit we minimize how often the discharge starts and stops, keeping it on for as long a time as possible. The material removal rate in electrical-discharge machining can be estimated from: MRR = 4 x 10 exp(4) x I x Tw exp (-1.23) Here MRR is in mm3/min, I is current in Amperes, Tw is workpiece melting point in K-273.15K. The exp stands for exponent. On the other hand, the wear rate Wt of the electrode can be obtained from: Wt = ( 1.1 x 10exp(11) ) x I x Ttexp(-2.38) Here Wt is in mm3/min and Tt is melting point of the electrode material in K-273.15K Finally, the wear ratio of the workpiece to electrode R can be obtained from: R = 2.25 x Trexp(-2.38) Here Tr is the ratio of melting points of workpiece to electrode. SINKER EDM : Sinker EDM, also referred to as CAVITY TYPE EDM or VOLUME EDM, consists of an electrode and workpiece submerged in an insulating liquid. The electrode and workpiece are connected to a power supply. The power supply generates an electrical potential between the two. As the electrode approaches the workpiece, dielectric breakdown occurs in the fluid, forming a plasma channel, and a small spark jumps. The sparks usually strike one at a time because it is highly unlikely that different locations in the inter-electrode space have identical local electrical characteristics which would enable a spark to occur in all such locations simultaneously. Hundreds of thousands of these sparks happen at random points between the electrode and the workpiece per second. As the base metal erodes, and the spark gap subsequently increases, the electrode is lowered automatically by our CNC machine so that the process can continue uninterrupted. Our equipment has controlling cycles known as ''on time'' and ''off time''. The on time setting determines the length or duration of the spark. A longer on time produces a deeper cavity for that spark and all subsequent sparks for that cycle, creating a rougher finish on the workpiece and vice versa. The off time is the period of time that one spark is replaced by another. A longer off time permits the dielectric fluid to flush through a nozzle to clean out the eroded debris, thereby avoiding a short circuit. These settings are adjusted in micro seconds. WIRE EDM : In WIRE ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING (WEDM), also called WIRE-CUT EDM or WIRE CUTTING, we feed a thin single-strand metal wire of brass through the workpiece, which is submerged in a tank of dielectric fluid. Wire EDM is an important variation of EDM. We occasionally use wire-cut EDM to cut plates as thick as 300mm and to make punches, tools, and dies from hard metals that are difficult to machine with other manufacturing methods. In this process which resembles to contour cutting with a band saw, the wire, which is constantly fed from a spool, is held between upper and lower diamond guides. The CNC-controlled guides move in the x–y plane and the upper guide can also move independently in the z–u–v axis, giving rise to the ability to cut tapered and transitioning shapes (such as circle on the bottom and square at the top). The upper guide can control axis movements in x–y–u–v–i–j–k–l–. This allows the WEDM to cut very intricate and delicate shapes. The average cutting kerf of our equipment that achieves the best economic cost and machining time is 0.335 mm using Ø 0.25 brass, copper or tungsten wire. However the upper and lower diamond guides of our CNC equipment are accurate to about 0.004 mm, and can have a cutting path or kerf as small as 0.021 mm using Ø 0.02 mm wire. So really narrow cuts are possible. The cutting width is greater than the width of the wire because sparking occurs from the sides of the wire to the workpiece, causing erosion. This ''overcut'' is necessary, for many applications it is predictable and therefore can be compensated for ( in micro-EDM this is not often the case). The wire spools are long—an 8 kg spool of 0.25 mm wire is just over 19 kilometers in length. Wire diameter can be as small as 20 micrometres and the geometry precision is in the neighborhood of +/- 1 micrometer. We generally use the wire only once and recycle it because it is relatively inexpensive. It travels at a constant velocity of 0.15 to 9m/min and a constant kerf (slot) is maintained during a cut. In the wire-cut EDM process we use water as the dielectric fluid, controlling its resistivity and other electrical properties with filters and de-ionizer units. The water flushes the cut debris away from the cutting zone. Flushing is an important factor in determining the maximum feed rate for a given material thickness and therefore we keep it consistent. Cutting speed in wire EDM is stated in terms of the cross-sectional area cut per unit time, such as 18,000 mm2/hr for 50mm thick D2 tool steel. The linear cutting speed for this case would be 18,000/50 = 360mm/hr The material removal rate in wire EDM is: MRR = Vf x h x b Here MRR is in mm3/min, Vf is the feed rate of the wire into workpiece in mm/min, h is thickness or height in mm, and b is the kerf, which is: b = dw + 2s Here dw is wire diameter and s is gap between wire and workpiece in mm. Along with tighter tolerances, our modern multi axis EDM wire-cutting machining centers have added features such as multi heads for cutting two parts at the same time, controls for preventing wire breakage, automatic self-threading features in case of wire breakage, and programmed machining strategies to optimize the operation, straight and angular cutting capabilities. Wire-EDM offers us low residual stresses, because it does not require high cutting forces for removal of material. When the energy/power per pulse is relatively low (as in finishing operations), little change in the mechanical properties of a material is expected due to low residual stresses. ELECTRICAL-DISCHARGE GRINDING (EDG) : The grinding wheels do not contain abrasives, they are made of graphite or brass. Repetitive sparks between the rotating wheel and workpiece remove material from workpiece surfaces. The material removal rate is: MRR = K x I Here MRR is in mm3/min, I is current in Amperes, and K is workpiece material factor in mm3/A-min. We frequently use electrical-discharge grinding to saw narrow slits on components. We sometimes combine EDG (Electrical-Discharge Grinding) process with ECG (Electrochemical Grinding) process where material is removed by chemical action, the electrical discharges from the graphite wheel breaking up the oxide film and washed away by the electrolyte. The process is called ELECTROCHEMICAL-DISCHARGE GRINDING (ECDG). Even though the ECDG process consumes relatively more power, it is a faster process than the EDG. We mostly grind carbide tools using this technique. Applications of Electrical Discharge Machining: Prototype production: We use the EDM process in mold-making, tool and die manufacturing, as well as for making prototype and production parts, especially for the aerospace, automobile and electronics industries in which production quantities are relatively low. In Sinker EDM, a graphite, copper tungsten or pure copper electrode is machined into the desired (negative) shape and fed into the workpiece on the end of a vertical ram. Coinage die making: For the creation of dies for producing jewelry and badges by the coinage (stamping) process, the positive master may be made from sterling silver, since (with appropriate machine settings) the master is significantly eroded and is used only once. The resultant negative die is then hardened and used in a drop hammer to produce stamped flats from cutout sheet blanks of bronze, silver, or low proof gold alloy. For badges these flats may be further shaped to a curved surface by another die. This type of EDM is usually performed submerged in an oil-based dielectric. The finished object may be further refined by hard (glass) or soft (paint) enameling and/or electroplated with pure gold or nickel. Softer materials such as silver may be hand engraved as a refinement. Drilling of Small Holes: On our wire-cut EDM machines, we use small hole drilling EDM to make a through hole in a workpiece through which to thread the wire for the wire-cut EDM operation. Separate EDM heads specifically for small hole drilling are mounted on our wire-cut machines which allow large hardened plates to have finished parts eroded from them as needed and without pre-drilling. We also use small hole EDM to drill rows of holes into the edges of turbine blades used in jet engines. Gas flow through these small holes allows the engines to use higher temperatures than otherwise possible. The high-temperature, very hard, single crystal alloys these blades are made of makes conventional machining of these holes with high aspect ratio extremely difficult and even impossible. Other application areas for small hole EDM is to create microscopic orifices for fuel system components. Besides the integrated EDM heads, we deploy stand-alone small hole drilling EDM machines with x–y axes to machine blind or through holes. EDM drills bore holes with a long brass or copper tube electrode that rotates in a chuck with a constant flow of distilled or deionized water flowing through the electrode as a flushing agent and dielectric. Some small-hole drilling EDMs are able to drill through 100 mm of soft or even hardened steel in less than 10 seconds. Holes between 0.3 mm and 6.1 mm can be achieved in this drilling operation. Metal disintegration machining: We also have special EDM machines for the specific purpose of removing broken tools (drill bits or taps) from work pieces. This process is called ''metal disintegration machining''. Advantages and Disadvantages Electrical-Discharge Machining: Advantages of EDM include machining of: - Complex shapes that would otherwise be difficult to produce with conventional cutting tools - Extremely hard material to very close tolerances - Very small work pieces where conventional cutting tools may damage the part from excess cutting tool pressure. - There is no direct contact between tool and work piece. Therefore delicate sections and weak materials can be machined without any distortion. - A good surface finish can be obtained. - Very fine holes can be easily drilled. Disadvantages of EDM include: - The slow rate of material removal. - The additional time and cost used for creating electrodes for ram/sinker EDM. - Reproducing sharp corners on the workpiece is difficult due to electrode wear. - Power consumption is high. - ''Overcut'' is formed. - Excessive tool wear occurs during machining. - Electrically non-conductive materials can be machined only with specific set-up of the process. КЛИКНЕТЕ Услуга за пронаоѓање на производи-локатор ПРЕТХОДНА СТРАНИЦА

Pneumatic Hydraulic & Vacuum Tools, Air Tool, Hydraulic Powered Tools, Air Screwdrivers, Air Drills, Pneumatic Nail Guns, Air Die Grinders,Hydraulic Pipe Cutter Алатки за хидраулика и пневматика и вакуум We also supply widely used industrial tools for pneumatic, hydraulic and vacuum systems. PNEUMATIC TOOLS (also called AIR TOOLS or AIR-POWERED TOOLS or PNEUMATIC-POWERED TOOLS are types of power tools driven by compressed air, supplied by air compressors. Pneumatic tools can also be driven by compressed carbon dioxide (CO2) stored in small cylinders allowing portability and use where no compressed air lines are available. Pneumatic tools are safer to run and easier to maintain than electric power tool equivalents. Pneumatic tools also have a higher power-to-weight ratio, allowing a smaller, lighter tool to accomplish the same task. General grade pneumatic tools with short life span are generally less expensive. Both disposable as well as industrial grade pneumatic tools with long life span are available. Generally speaking, pneumatic tools are cheaper than the equivalent electric-powered tools. Air tools are becoming more and more popular in the DIY (Do it yourself) market. HYDRAULIC-POWERED TOOLS on the other hand are generally more powerful tools used for applications that require higher pressures and forces. Liquids are much much less compressible than gases and that is the reason why hydraulic powered tools are able to supply such large forces. INDUSTRIAL VACUUM TOOLS offered are mostly manipulators, grippers, holders, lifters used in handling, moving, removing parts and components in industrial settings. Vacuum is also used in packaging to remove air from inside packages to extend the shelf life of products and protect them from moisture, air and early corrosion and decay. We supply both off-shelf and custom manufactured pneumatic, hydraulic and vacuum tools. Here is a list of some common tools: AIR SCREWDRIVERS, ROUTERS AIR RATCHET AIR & HYDRAULIC DRILLS PNEUMATIC NAIL GUN AIR & HYDRAULIC HAMMERS RIVETER & RIVETING HAMMER AIR GUNS and NOZZLES SANDBLASTER AIRBRUSH PAINT SPRAYER AIR CAULK GUNS AIR DIE GRINDERS AIR SANDER AIR BEVELERS AIR CUT-OFF TOOLS SWIVEL CONNECTORS AIR KNIVES PNEUMATIC SLIDES AIR CANNONS AIR AMPLIFIERS AIR CONVEYORS HYDRAULIC & PNEUMATIC TORQUE WRENCH HYDRAULIC PRESSES HYDRAULIC PIPE CUTTERS HYDRAULIC PULLER HYDRAULIC BOLTING TOOLS HYDRAULIC WORKHOLDING DEVICES VACUUM MANIPULATORS and GRIPPERS VACUUM LIFTERS VACUUM PACKAGING TOOLS CUSTOM SPECIALTY TOOLS Click links below to download our relevant brochures: - Air Tool Kits - Air Tools Accessories and Special Industrial Pneumatic Tools - Air Nailers and Staplers - Air Spray Guns - Air Brushes - Air Guns, Hoses, Connectors, Splitters and Accessories - DIY Air Tools - DIY Air Tools Assortment & Wet Air Tools - Oil-Less Mini Air Compressors - Private Label Pneumatic Air Blow Guns (We can put your company name, brand, logo, label on these if you wish) - Private Label Pneumatic Compressed Air Tools (We can put your company name, brand, logo, label on these if you wish) - Professional Air Tools Part-1 - Professional Air Tools Part-2 - Professional Air Tools Part-3 - Professional Air Tools Assortment КЛИКНЕТЕ Услуга за пронаоѓање на производи-локатор ПРЕТХОДНА СТРАНИЦА

AGS-TECH Inc. supplies high quality cutting and grinding discs, including cut-off wheels, grinding wheels, abrasive flap disc, polishing disc, resinoid flexible wheels, mesh abrasive wheels, flat & turbo fiber disc and more. We also manufacture custom cutting and grinding discs according to your specifications. Диск за сечење и мелење Please click on the highlighted cutting & grinding disc and wheels of interest below to download the related brochures. Abrasive Flap Disc Cut-off Wheels Flat/Turbo Fiber Disc Grinding Wheels Mesh Abrasive Wheels Polishing Disc Private Label Abrasives (We can put your company name, logo, brand on these. In other words we offer you private label) Private Label Abrasives Ordering Instructions Guide Private Label Power Tool Accessories This brochure includes some cutting, grinding, polishing discs. We can private label these hand tools if you wish. In other words, we can put your company name, brand and label on them. This way you can promote your brand by reselling these to your customers. Resinoid Flexible Wheels Prices for our cutting & grinding discs depend on model and quantity of order. For custom designs and custom manufacturing, prices will be calculated based on material, labor, packaging and labeling requirements. Since we carry a wide variety of cutting and grinding discs with different dimensions, applications and material; it is impossible to list them all here. Please email or call us so we can determine which cutting & grinding disc is the most suitable for you. When contacting us, please let us know about: - Intended Application - Material grade desired and preferred - Dimensions - Finishing requirements - Packaging requirements - Labeling requirements - Quantity of order КЛИКНЕТЕ ТУКА за да ги преземете нашите технички способности и референтниот водич за специјализирани алатки за сечење, дупчење, мелење, обликување, обликување, полирање што се користат во медицински, стоматолошки, прецизни инструменти, печат на метал, обликување матрица и други индустриски апликации. КЛИКНЕТЕ Услуга за пронаоѓање на производи-локатор Кликнете овде за да отидете во менито Алатки за сечење, дупчење, брусење, преклопување, полирање, коцки и обликување Уп. Шифра: OICASOSTAR

Optical Displays, Screen, Monitors, Touch Panel Manufacturing Производство и склопување на оптички дисплеи, екрани, монитори Преземете ја брошурата за нашата ПРОГРАМА ЗА ПАРТНЕРСТВО ЗА ДИЗАЈН КЛИКНЕТЕ Услуга за пронаоѓање на производи-локатор ПРЕТХОДНА СТРАНИЦА

AGS-TECH Difference: World's Most Diverse Global Engineering Integrator, Custom Manufacturer, Contract Manufacturing Partner, Consolidator, Subcontractor AGS-TECH Разлика: најразновидните сопствени производители во светот, консолидатор, инженерски интегратор и партнер за надворешни извори AGS-TECH Inc. is recognized globally as the World's Most Diverse Custom Manufacturer, Consolidator, Engineering Integrator and Outsourcing Partner. Our spectrum of custom manufacturing, engineering and integration capabilities is wider than any other company. When you contact us, you don’t have to worry about searching other suppliers for outsourcing your machined, molded, stamped, forged components, or suppliers who can assemble your electronic or optical products or else. When you contact AGS-TECH Inc., you have come to the right place to outsource all your custom manufactured components, subassemblies, assemblies and finished products. We can custom manufacture them from scratch all the way to a finished, packaged and labeled product. Neither do you have to worry about shipping and customs clearance, as we do it all for you, unless you prefer to do it yourself. Being the World's Most Diverse Custom Manufacturer, Consolidator, Engineering Integrator and Outsourcing Partner, AGS-TECH keeps working on many projects of different nature and projects of extraordinary complexity. Most outsourcing partners in the market have limited technological and logistical capability. They have an understanding of only a few areas of technology. A typical outsourcing partner may be capable of providing you custom castings and machined parts only, or they may be able to offer you custom casting, machining, forging and stamping. Other outsourcing partners may specialize in only custom manufactured electronics and offer you PCB, PCBA and cable assemblies. Working with such a typical custom manufacturer or outsourcing partner that supplies only PCBA and cable assembly, you would need to outsource the custom designed plastic housings of your products from a mold maker. This would inevitably make logistics more expensive and increase the risks in integration and consolidation. Components manufactured and supplied by a number of different sources have a high potential of mismatching and incompatibility. If any problem arises during the assembly of these custom manufactured components, each of the different manufacturers will be inclined to blame the other components manufacturers. You will be caught in the middle of a fire with no way out and finally your invested tooling and molding fees plus product payments would be lost and your project either delayed or cancelled due to economic losses and late delivery. You could even lose other repeat-orders that were previously well manufactured and shipped to your customers, because your overall quality rating with your customer’s QC Department will drop. On the other hand, when you work with AGS-TECH as a custom manufacturer, consolidator, engineering integrator and outsourcing partner, we take responsibility for the entire project. We make sure that all the custom designed interior electronics, optoelectronics, optics, mechanics of your product works in harmony and integrates well. Furthermore, we assure that the custom interior components fit well with the outer components and can sustain mechanical, thermal…etc. shocks and offer environmental reliability as a whole. As a manufacturing integrator and consolidator we can ship all the product parts unassembled, partially assembled or fully assembled. Besides compatibility, this offers a logistical advantage, because product components can be consolidated and shipped together as a single consignment. Being the World’s most diverse global custom manufacturer, consolidator, engineering , integrator and outsourcing partner with the widest spectrum of manufacturing capabilities, we are shareholders and partners of production facilities around the globe. To keep our top spot as a reliable outsourcing partner and custom manufacturer we constantly are on the outlook to buy manufacturing facilities globally or partner with them. Here is a link to download some basic Information on Global Custom Manufacturing, Integration, Consolidation and Outsourcing by AGS-TECH Inc. Even more important than being the most diverse global custom manufacturer and outsourcing partner is the outstanding quality of our team and their leadership skills. All our management team members have at least a B.S. or B.Eng. degree from globally recognized institutions and most have an. M.S., M.Eng or PhD degree in a technical field and MBA or ,instead of the MBA, many years of industrial experience with top technology companies. In other words, we are different that the standard typical entrepreneurs, business people or academicians with either limited technical or business background. We have the intellectual capacity to manage even the most sophisticated projects and guide the smartest clients. Working with us, you will definitely expand your knowledge and understanding of custom manufacturing and engineering integration processes. It would be completely correct to state AGS-TECH’s difference in words as: World's Most Diverse Custom Manufacturer, Consolidator, Engineering Integrator and Outsourcing Partner with some of the brightest and best people you can ever find. It is a privilege to work with us. Whether you choose to work with us or not, that is a decision you will make. Either case, we would be happy to share with you our Youtube video presentation on "How to Identify, Verify, Choose the Best Suppliers & Manufacturers for your Custom Tailored Products" . To watch it please click on the colored text. A Powerpoint presentation of the above video can be downloaded by clicking: "How to Identify, Verify, Choose the Best Suppliers & Manufacturers for your Custom Tailored Products" A nother video we would like to share with you is on "How You Can Receive Best Quotes from Custom Manufacturers" A Powerpoint presentation of the above video can be downloaded by clicking: "How You Can Receive Best Quotes from Custom Manufacturers" ПРЕТХОДНА СТРАНИЦА

Global Product Finder & Product Locator Service, AI based productor finding, AI based product locating AGS-TECH, Inc. е ваш Глобален прилагоден производител, интегратор, консолидатор, аутсорсинг партнер. Ние сме вашиот едношалтерски извор за производство, изработка, инженерство, консолидација, аутсорсинг. Глобална услуга за пронаоѓање и локатор на производи Нашата услуга за пронаоѓање производи / локатор на производи е обезбедена во обид брзо да го лоцираме производот што го барате. Ја користиме нашата одобрена база на податоци за глобални добавувачи, како и нашите сопствени софтверски алатки за вештачка интелигенција (ВИ) за брзо лоцирање на производот што го барате. Нашата услуга за пронаоѓање производи / локатор на производи гарантира дека добивате понуда брзо и со најдобра достапна цена. Едноставно обидете се да видите како функционира: КЛИКНИ ТУКА Кликнете овде ако точно го знаете производот што го барате КЛИКНИ ТУКА Кликнете овде ако делумно го знаете производот што го пребарувате КЛИКНИ ТУКА Кликнете овде ако ви треба производ направен по нарачка Ние сме AGS-TECH Inc., ваш единствен извор за производство и изработка и инженерство и аутсорсинг и консолидација. Ние сме најразновидниот инженерски интегратор во светот кој ви нуди сопствено производство, подсклопување, склопување на производи и инженерски услуги.