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Glass and Ceramic Manufacturing, Hermetic Packages Seals and Bonding, Tempered Bulletproof Glass, Blow Moulding, Optical Grade Glass, Conductive Glass, Molding Glass & Ceramic Forming & Shaping The type of glass manufacturing we offer are container glass, glass blowing, glass fiber & tubing & rod, domestic and industrial glassware, lamp and bulb, precision glass moulding, optical components and assemblies, flat & sheet & float glass. We perform both hand forming as well as machine forming. Our popular technical ceramic manufacturing processes are die pressing, isostatic pressing, hot isostatic pressing, hot pressing, slip casting, tape casting, extrusion, injection moulding, green machining, sintering or firing, diamond grinding, hermetic assemblies. We recommend that you click here to DOWNLOAD our Schematic Illustrations of Glass Forming and Shaping Processes by AGS-TECH Inc. DOWNLOAD our Schematic Illustrations of Technical Ceramic Manufacturing Processes by AGS-TECH Inc. These downloadable files with photos and sketches will help you better understand the information we are providing you below. • CONTAINER GLASS MANUFACTURE: We have automated PRESS AND BLOW as well as BLOW AND BLOW lines for manufacturing. In the blow and blow process we drop a gob into blank mold and form the neck by applying a blow of compressed air from top. Immediately following this, compressed air is blown a second time from the other direction through the container neck to form the pre-form of the bottle. This pre-form is then transferred to the actual mold, reheated to soften and compressed air is applied to give the pre-form its final container shape. More explicitly, it is pressurized and pushed against the walls of the blow mold cavity to take its desired shape. Finally, the manufactured glass container is transfered into an annealing oven for subsequent reheating and removal of stresses produced during the molding and is cooled in a controlled fashion. In the press and blow method, molten gobs are put into a parison mold (blank mold) and pressed into the parison shape (blank shape). The blanks are then transfered to blow molds and blown similar to the process described above under “Blow and Blow Process”. Subsequent steps like annealing and stress relieve are similar or the same. • GLASS BLOWING : We have been manufacturing glass products using conventional hand blowing as well as using compressed air with automated equipment. For some orders conventional blowing is necessary, such as projects involving glass art work, or projects that require a smaller number of parts with loose tolerances, prototyping / demo projects….etc. Conventional glass blowing involves the dipping of a hollow metal pipe into a pot of molten glass and rotating the pipe for collecting some amount of the glass material. The glass collected on the tip of the pipe is rolled on flat iron, shaped as desired, elongated, re-heated and air blown. When ready, it is inserted into a mould and air is blown. The mould cavity is wet to avoid contact of the glass with metal. The water film acts like a cushion between them. Manual blowing is a labor intensive slow process and only suitable for prototyping or items of high value, not suitable for inexpensive per piece high volume orders. • MANUFACTURING OF DOMESTIC & INDUSTRIAL GLASSWARE : Using various types of glass material a large variety of glassware is being produced. Some glasses are heat resistant and suitable for laboratory glassware whereas some are good enough for withstanding dishwashers for many times and are fit for making domestic products. Using Westlake machines tens of thousands of pieces of drinking glasses are being produced per day. To simplify, molten glass is collected by vacuum and inserted into moulds to make the pre-forms. Then air is blown into the moulds, these are transfered to another mould and air is blown again and the glass takes its final shape. Like in hand blowing, these moulds are kept wet with water. Further stretching is part of the finishing operation where the neck is being formed. Excess glass is burnt off. Thereafter the controlled re-heating and cooling process described above follows. • GLASS TUBE & ROD FORMING : The main processes we use for manufacturing of glass tubes are the DANNER and VELLO processes. In the Danner Process, glass from a furnace flows and falls on an inclined sleeve made of refractory materials. The sleeve is carried on a rotating hollow shaft or blowpipe. The glass is then wrapped around the sleeve and forms a smooth layer flowing down the sleeve and over the tip of the shaft. In the case of tube forming, air is blown through a blowpipe with hollow tip, and in the case of rod forming we use solid tips on the shaft. The tubes or rods are then drawn over carrying rollers. The dimensions like wall thickness and diameter of the glass tubes are adjusted to desired values by setting the diameter of the sleeve and blowing air pressure to a desired value, adjusting the temperature, rate of flow of glass and speed of drawing. The Vello glass tube manufacturing process on the other hand involves glass that travels out a furnace and into a bowl with a hollow mandrel or bell. The glass then goes through the air space between the mandrel and the bowl and takes the shape of a tube. Thereafter it travels over rollers to a drawing machine and is cooled. At the end of the cooling line cutting and final processing takes place. The tube dimensions can be adjusted just like in the Danner process. When comparing the Danner to Vello process, we can say that Vello process is a better fit for large quantity production whereas the Danner process may be a better fit for precise smaller volume tube orders. • PROCESSING OF SHEET & FLAT & FLOAT GLASS : We have large quantities of flat glass in thicknesses ranging from submilimeter thicknesses to several centimeters. Our flat glasses are of almost optical perfection. We offer glass with special coatings such as optical coatings, where chemical vapor deposition technique is used to put coatings such as antireflection or mirror coating. Also transparent conductive coatings are common. Also available are hydrophobic or hydrophilic coatings on glass, and coating that makes glass self-cleaning. Tempered, bulletproof and laminated glasses are yet other popular items. We cut glass into desired shape with desired tolerances. Other secondary operations such as curving or bending flat glass are available. • PRECISION GLASS MOLDING : We use this technique mostly for manufacturing precision optical components without the need for more expensive and time consuming techniques like grinding, lapping and polishing. This technique is not always sufficient for making the best of the best optics, but in some cases like consumer products, digital cameras, medical optics it can be a less expensive good option for high volume manufacturing. Also it has an advantage over the other glass forming techniques where complex geometries are required, such as in the case of aspheres. The basic process involves loading of the lower side of our mold with the glass blank, evacuation of the process chamber for oxygen removal, near closing of the mold, fast and isothermal heating of die and glass with infrared light, further closing of the mould halves to press the softened glass slowly in a controlled fashion to the desired thickness, and finally cooling of the glass and filling the chamber with nitrogen and removal of the product. Precise temperature control, mould closure distance, mould closure force, matching the coefficients of expansion of the mold and glass material are key in this process. • MANUFACTURE OF GLASS OPTICAL COMPONENTS AND ASSEMBLIES : Besides precision glass molding, there are a number of valuable processes we use for making high quality optical components and assemblies for demanding applications. Grinding, lapping and polishing of optical grade glasses in fine special abrasive slurries is an art and science for making optical lenses, prisms, flats and more. Surface flatness, waviness, smoothness and defect free optical surfaces require lots of experience with such processes. Small changes in environment can result in out of specification products and bring the manufacturing line to a stop. There are cases where a single wipe on the optical surface with a clean cloth can make a product meet the specifications or fail the test. Some popular glass materials used are fused silica, quartz, BK7. Also the assembly of such components requires specialized niche experience. Sometimes special glues are being used. However, sometimes a technique called optical contacting is the best choice and involves no material in between attached optical glasses. It consists of physically contacting flat surfaces to attach to each other without glue. In some cases mechanical spacers, precision glass rods or balls, clamps or machined metal components are being used to assemble the optical components at certain distances and with certain geometric orientations to each other. Let us examine some of our popular techniques for manufacturing high end optics. GRINDING & LAPPING & POLISHING : The rough shape of the optical component is obtained with grinding a glass blank. Thereafter lapping and polishing are carried out by rotating and rubbing the rough surfaces of the optical components against tools with desired surface shapes. Slurries with tiny abrasive particles and fluid are being poured in between the optics and the shaping tools. The abrasive particle sizes in such slurries can be chosen according to the degree of flatness desired. The deviations of critical optical surfaces from desired shapes are expressed in terms of wavelengths of the light being used. Our high precision optics have tenth of a wavelength (Wavelength/10) tolerances or even tighter is possible. Besides surface profile, the critical surfaces are scanned and evaluated for other surface features and defects such as dimensions, scratches, chips, pits, specks...etc. The tight control of environmental conditions in the optical manufacturing floor and extensive metrology and testing requirements with state-of-the-art equipment make this a challenging branch of industry. • SECONDARY PROCESSES IN GLASS MANUFACTURING: Again, we are only limited with your imagination when it comes to secondary and finishing processes of glass. Here we list some of them: -Coatings on glass (optical, electrical, tribological, thermal, functional, mechanical...). As an example we can alter surface properties of glass making it for example reflect heat so that it keeps building interiors cool, or make one side infrared absorbing using nanotechnology. This helps keep the inside of buildings warm because the outermost surface layer of glass will absorb the infrared radiation inside the building and radiate it back to the inside. -Etching on glass -Applied Ceramic Labeling (ACL) -Engraving -Flame polishing -Chemical polishing -Staining MANUFACTURING OF TECHNICAL CERAMICS • DIE PRESSING : Consists of uniaxial compaction of granular powders confined in a die • HOT PRESSING : Similar to die pressing but with the addition of temperature to enhance densification. Powder or compacted preform is placed into graphite die and uniaxial pressure is applied while the die is kept at high temperatures such as 2000 C. Temperatures can be different depending on the type of ceramic powder being processed. For complicated shapes and geometries other subsequent processing such as diamond grinding may be needed. • ISOSTATIC PRESSING : Granular powder or die pressed compacts are placed in airtight containers and then into a closed pressure vessel with liquid inside. Thereafter they are compacted by increasing the pressure vessel’s pressure. The liquid inside the vessel transfers the pressure forces uniformly over the entire surface area of the airtight container. The material is thus compacted uniformly and takes the shape of its flexible container and its internal profile and features. • HOT ISOSTATIC PRESSING : Similar to isostatic pressing, but in addition to pressurized gas atmosphere, we sinter the compact at high temperature. Hot isostatic pressing results in additional densification and increased strength. • SLIP CASTING / DRAIN CASTING : We fill the mould with a suspension of micrometer sized ceramic particles and carrier liquid. This mixture is called “slip”. The mould has pores and therefore the liquid in the mixture is filtered into the mould. As a result, a cast is formed on the inner surfaces of the mould. After sintering, the parts can be taken out of the mould. • TAPE CASTING : We manufacture ceramic tapes by casting ceramic slurries onto flat moving carrier surfaces. The slurries contain ceramic powders mixed with other chemicals for binding and carrying purposes. As the solvents evaporate dense and flexible sheets of ceramic are left behind which can be cut or rolled as desired. • EXTRUSION FORMING : As in other extrusion processes, a soft mixture of ceramic powder with binders and other chemicals is passed through a die to acquire its cross-sectional shape and is then cut at desired lengths. The process is performed with cold or heated ceramic mixtures. • LOW PRESSURE INJECTION MOLDING : We prepare a mixture of ceramic powder with binders and solvents and heat it to a temperature where it can easily be pressed and forced into the tool cavity. Once the moulding cycle is complete, the part is ejected and the binding chemical is burned off. Using injection molding, we can obtain intricate parts at high volumes economically. Holes that are a tiny fraction of a milimeter on a 10mm thick wall are possible, threads are possible without forther machining, tolerances as tight as +/- 0.5% are possible and even lower when parts are machined, wall thicknesses in the order of 0.5mm to a length of 12.5 mm are possible as well as wall thicknesses of 6.5mm to a length of 150mm. • GREEN MACHINING : Using the same metal machining tools, we can machine pressed ceramic materials while they are still soft like chalk. Tolerances of +/- 1% are possible. For better tolerances we use diamond grinding. • SINTERING or FIRING : Sintering makes full densification possible. Significant shrinkage occurs on the green compact parts, but this is not a big problem since we take into account these dimensional changes when we design the part and tooling. Powder particles are bonded together and porosity induced by the compaction process is removed to great extent.. • DIAMOND GRINDING : The World’s hardest material “diamond” is being used to grind hard materials like ceramics and precision parts are obtained. Tolerances in the micrometer range and very smooth surfaces are being achieved. Due to its expense, we only consider this technique when we really need it. • HERMETIC ASSEMBLIES are those that practically speaking do not allow any exchange of matter, solids, liquids or gases between interfaces. Hermetic sealing is airtight. For example hermetic electronic enclosures are those that keep the sensitive interior contents of a packaged device unharmed by moisture, contaminants or gases. Nothing is 100% hermetic, but when we speak of hermeticity we mean that in practical terms, that there is hermeticity to the extent that the leak rate is so low that the devices are safe under normal environmental conditions for very long times. Our hermetic assemblies consist of metal, glass and ceramic components, metal-ceramic, ceramic-metal-ceramic, metal-ceramic-metal, metal to metal, metal-glass, metal-glass-metal, glass-metal-glass, glass-metal and glass to glass and all other combinations of metal-glass-ceramic bonding. We can for example metal coat the ceramic components so they can be strongly bonded to other components in the assembly and have excellent sealing capability. We have the know-how of coating optical fibers or feedthroughs with metal and soldering or brazing them to the enclosures, so no gases pass or leak into the enclosures. Therefore they are used for manufacturing electronic enclosures to encapsulate sensitive devices and protect them from the outer atmosphere. Besides their excellent sealing characteristics, other properties such as the thermal expansion coefficient, deformation resistance, non-outgassing nature, very long lifetime, nonconductive nature, thermal insulation properties, antistatic nature...etc. make glass and ceramic materials the choice for certain applications. Information on our facility producing ceramic to metal fittings, hermetic sealing, vacuum feedthroughs, high and ultrahigh vacuum and fluid control components can be found here: Hermetic Components Factory Brochure CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

Test Equipment for Cookware Testing, Cookware Tester, Cutlery Corrosion Resistance Tester, Strength Test Apparatus for Knives, Forks, Spatulas, Bending Strength Tester for Cookware Handles Test Equipment for Cookware Testing Specialized Test Equipment for Testing of Cookware are used for testing cookware products such as pots, pressure cookers....etc., for checking their quality, endurance, functionality, reliability, safety, compliance to domestic and international standards....etc. Our specialized test equipment can be either: - CUSTOM DESIGNED and MANUFACTURED SPECIALIZED TEST EQUIPMENT for COOKWARE TESTING or - OFF-SHELF SPECIALIZED TEST EQUIPMENT for COOKWARE TESTING Custom designed specialized testing equipment is designed and developed by us for our customers specific needs, taking into consideration our customers specific requirements, their markets, their legal responsibilities...etc. We work with you hand in hand to accomplish what you need and want. Our engineers design, prototype and get your approval prior to manufacturing your test machines. On the other hand, our off-shelf specialized test equipment for testing of cookware are already designed and manufactured systems that can be purchased quickly from us and used. If you let us know what you need, we will be happy to guide you and propose you ready systems that can help achieve your goals. Our off-shelf specialized test equipment for testing of cookware can be downloaded from the colored links below: Haida Cookware Testing Machines Catalog For other similar equipment, please visit our equipment website: http://www.sourceindustrialsupply.com CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

Composites, Composite Materials Manufacturing, Particle and Fiber Reinforced, Cermets, Ceramic & Metal Composite, Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer, Lay-Up Process Composites & Composite Materials Manufacturing Simply defined, COMPOSITES or COMPOSITE MATERIALS are materials consisting of two or multiple materials with different physical or chemical properties, but when combined they become a material that is different than the constituent materials. We need to point out that the constituent materials remain separate and distinct in the structure. The goal in manufacturing a composite material is to obtain a product that is superior than its constituents and combines each constituent’s desired features. As an example; strength, low weight or lower price may be the motivator behind designing and producing a composite. The type of composites we offer are particle-reinforced composites, fiber-reinforced composites including ceramic-matrix / polymer-matrix / metal-matrix / carbon-carbon / hybrid composites, structural & laminated & sandwich-structured composites and nanocomposites. The fabrication techniques we deploy in composite material manufacturing are: Pultrusion, prepreg production processes, advanced fiber placement, filament winding, tailored fiber placement, fiberglass spray lay-up process, tufting, lanxide process, z-pinning. Many composite materials are made up of two phases, the matrix, which is continuous and surrounds the other phase; and the dispersed phase which is surrounded by the matrix. We recommend that you click here to DOWNLOAD our Schematic Illustrations of Composites and Composite Materials Manufacturing by AGS-TECH Inc. This will help you better understand the information we are providing you below. • PARTICLE-REINFORCED COMPOSITES : This category consists of two types: Large-particle composites and dispersion-strengthened composites. In the former type, particle-matrix interactions cannot be treated on the atomic or molecular level. Instead continuum mechanics is valid. On the other hand, in dispersion-strengthened composites particles are generally much smaller in the tens of nanometer ranges. An example of large particle composite is polymers to which fillers have been added. The fillers improve the properties of the material and may replace some of the polymer volume with a more economical material. The volume fractions of the two phases influences the behaviour of the composite. Large particle composites are used with metals, polymers and ceramics. The CERMETS are examples of ceramic / metal composites. Our most common cermet is cemented carbide. It consists of refractory carbide ceramic such as tungsten carbide particles in a matrix of a metal such as cobalt or nickel. These carbide composites are widely used as cutting tools for hardened steel. The hard carbide particles are responsible for the cutting action and their toughness is enhanced by the ductile metal matrix. Thus we obtain the advantages of both materials in a single composite. Another common example of a large particle composite we use is carbon black particulates mixed with vulcanized rubber to obtain a composite with high tensile strength, toughness, tear and abrasion resistance. An example of a dispersion-strengthened composite is metals and metal alloys strengthened and hardened by the uniform dispersion of fine particles of a very hard and inert material. When very small aluminum oxide flakes are added to aluminum metal matrix we obtain sintered aluminum powder which has an enhanced high-temperature strength. • FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES : This categoy of composites is in fact the most important. The goal to achieve is high strength and stiffness per unit weight. The fiber composition, length, orientation and concentration in these composites is critical in determining the properties and usefulness of these materials. There are three groups of fibers we use: whiskers, fibers and wires. WHISKERS are very thin and long single crystals. They are among the strongest materials. Some example whisker materials are graphite, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide. FIBERS on the other hand are mostly polymers or ceramics and are in polycrystalline or amorphous state. The third group is fine WIRES that have relatively large diameters and consist frequently of steel or tungsten. An example of wire reinforced composite is car tires that incorporates steel wire inside rubber. Depending on the matrix material, we have the following composites: POLYMER-MATRIX COMPOSITES : These are made of a polymer resin and fibers as the reinforcement ingredient. A subgroup of these called Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Composites contain continuous or discontinuous glass fibers within a polymer matrix. Glass offers high strength, it is economical, easy to fabricate into fibers, and is chemically inert. The disadvantages are their limited rigidity and stiffness, service temperatures being only up to 200 – 300 Centigrade. Fiberglass is suitable for automotive bodies and transportation equipment, marine vehicle bodies, storage containers. They are not suitable for aerospace nor bridge making due to limited rigidity. The other subgroup is called Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Composite. Here, carbon is our fiber material in the polymer matrix. Carbon is known for its high specific modulus and strength and its capability to maintain these at high temperatures. Carbon fibers can offer us standard, intermediate, high and ultrahigh tensile moduli. Furthermore, carbon fibers do offer diverse physical and mechanical characteristics and therefore a suitable for various custom tailored engineering applications. CFRP composites can be considered to manufacture sports and recreational equipment, pressure vessels and aerospace structural components. Yet, another subgroup, the Aramid Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites are also high-strength and modulus materials. Their strength to weight ratios are outstandingly high. Aramid fibers are also known by trade names KEVLAR and NOMEX. Under tension they perform better than other polymeric fiber materials, but they are weak in compression. Aramid fibers are tough, impact resistant, creep and fatigue resistant, stable at high temperatures, chemically inert except against strong acids and bases. Aramid fibers are widely used in sporting goods, bulletproof vests, tires, ropes, fiber optic cable sheats. Other fiber reinforcement materials exist but are used to a lesser degree. These are boron, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide mainly. The polymer matrix material on the other hand is also critical. It determines the maximum service temperature of the composite because the polymer has generally a lower melting and degradation temperature. Polyesters and vinyl esters are widely used as the polymer matrix. Resins are also used and they have excellent moisture resistance and mechanical properties. For example polyimide resin can be used up to about 230 Degrees Celcius. METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES : In these materials we use a ductile metal matrix and the service temperatures are generally higher than their constituent components. When compared to polymer-matrix composites, these can have higher operating temperatures, be nonflammable, and may have better degradation resitance against organic fluids. However they are more expensive. Reinforcement materials such as whiskers, particulates, continuous and discontinuous fibers; and matrix materials such as copper, aluminum, magnesium, titanium, superalloys are being commonly used. Example applications are engine components made of aluminum alloy matrix reinforced with aluminum oxide and carbon fibers. CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES : Ceramic materials are known for their outstandingly good high temperature reliability. However they are very brittle and have low values for fracture toughness. By embedding particulates, fibers or whiskers of one ceramic into the matrix of another we are able to achieve composites with higher fracture toughnesses. These embedded materials basically inhibit crack propagation inside the matrix by some mechanisms such as deflecting the crack tips or forming bridges across crack faces. As an example, aluminas that are reinforced with SiC whiskers are used as cutting tool inserts for machining hard metal alloys. These can reveal better performances as compared to cemented carbides. CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITES : Both the reinforcement as well as the matrix are carbon. They have high tensile moduli and strengths at high temperatures over 2000 Centigrade, creep resistance, high fracture toughnesses, low thermal expansion coefficients, high thermal conductivities. These properties make them ideal for applications requiring thermal shock resistance. The weakness of carbon-carbon composites is however its vulnerability against oxidation at high temperatures. Typical examples of usage are hot-pressing molds, advanced turbine engine components manufacturing. HYBRID COMPOSITES : Two or more different types of fibers are mixed in a single matrix. One can thus tailor a new material with a combination of properties. An example is when both carbon and glass fibers are incorporated into a polymeric resin. Carbon fibers provide low density stiffness and strength but are expensive. The glass on the other hand is inexpensive but lack the stiffness of carbon fibers. The glass-carbon hybrid composite is stronger and tougher and can be manufactured at a lower cost. PROCESSING OF FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES : For continuous fiber-reinforced plastics with uniformly distributed fibers oriented in the same direction we use the following techniques. PULTRUSION: Rods, beams and tubes of continuous lengths and constant cross-sections are manufactured. Continuous fiber rovings are impregnated with a thermosetting resin and are pulled through a steel die to preform them to a desired shape. Next, they pass through a precision machined curing die to attain its final shape. Since the curing die is heated, it cures the resin matrix. Pullers draw the material through the dies. Using inserted hollow cores, we are able to obtain tubes and hollow geometries. The pultrusion method is automated and offers us high production rates. Any length of product is possible to produce. PREPREG PRODUCTION PROCESS : Prepreg is a continuous-fiber reinforcement preimpregnated with a partially cured polymer resin. It is widely used for structural applications. The material comes in tape form and is shipped as a tape. The manufacturer moulds it directly and fully cures it without the need to add any resin. Since prepregs undergo curing reactions at room temperatures, they are stored at 0 Centigrade or lower temperatures. After use the remaining tapes are stored back at low temperatures. Thermoplastic and thermosetting resins are used and reinforcement fibers of carbon, aramid and glass are common. To use prepregs, the the carrier backing paper is first removed and then the fabrication is carried out by laying of the prepreg tape onto a tooled surface (the lay-up process). Several plies may be laid up to obtain the desired thicknesses. Frequent practice is to alternate the fiber orientation to produce a cross-ply or angle-ply laminate. Finally heat and pressure are applied for curing. Both hand processing as well as automated processes are used for cutting prepregs and lay-up. FILAMENT WINDING : Continuous reinforcing fibers are accurately positioned in a predetermined pattern to follow a hollow and usually cyclindirical shape. The fibers first go through a resin bath and then are wound onto a mandrel by an automated system. After several winding repetitions desired thicknesses are obtained and curing is performed either at room temperature or inside an oven. Now the mandrel is removed and the product is demolded. Filament winding can offer very high strength-to-weight ratios by winding the fibers in circumferential, helical and polar patterns. Pipes, tanks, casings are manufactured using this technique. • STRUCTURAL COMPOSITES : Generally these are made up of both homogeneous and composite materials. Therefore the properties of these are determined by the constituent materials and geometrical design of its elements. Here are the major types: LAMINAR COMPOSITES : These structural materials are made of two dimensional sheets or panels with preferred high-strength directions. Layers are stacked and cemented together. By alternating the high-strength directions in the two perpendicular axes, we obtain a composite that has high-strength in both directions in the two-dimensional plane. By adjusting the angles of the layers one can manufacture a composite with strength in the preferred directions. Modern ski is manufactured this way. SANDWICH PANELS : These structural composites are lightweight but yet have high stiffness and strength. Sandwich panels consist of two outer sheets made of a stiff and strong material like aluminum alloys, fiber reinforced plastics or steel and a core in between the outer sheets. The core needs to be lightweight and most of the time have a low modulus of elasticity. Popular core materials are rigid polymeric foams, wood and honeycombs. Sandwich panels are widely used in the construction industry as roofing material, floor or wall material, and also in the aerospace industries. • NANOCOMPOSITES : These new materials consist of nanosized particles particles embedded in a matrix. Using nanocomposites we can manufacture rubber materials that are very good barriers to air penetration while maintaning their rubber properties unchanged. CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

Plasma Machining - HF Plasma Cutting - Plasma Gouging - CNC - Plasma Arc Welding - PAW - GTAW - AGS-TECH Inc. - New Mexico Plasma Machining & Cutting We use the PLASMA CUTTING and PLASMA MACHINING processes to cut and machine steel, aluminum, metals and other materials of different thicknesses using a plasma torch. In plasma-cutting (also sometimes called PLASMA-ARC CUTTING), an inert gas or compressed air is blown at high speed out of a nozzle and simultaneously an electrical arc is formed through that gas from the nozzle to the surface being cut, turning a portion of that gas to plasma. To simplify, plasma can be described as the fourth state of matter. The three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas. For a common example, water, these three states are ice, water and steam. The difference between these states relates to their energy levels. When we add energy in the form of heat to ice, it melts and forms water. When we add more energy, the water vaporizes in the form of steam. By adding more energy to steam these gases become ionized. This ionization process causes the gas to become electrically conductive. We call this electrically conductive, ionized gas a “plasma”. The plasma is very hot and melts the metal being cut and at the same time blowing the molten metal away from the cut. We use plasma for cutting thin and thick, ferrous and nonferrous materials alike. Our hand-held torches can usually cut up to 2 inches thick steel plate, and our stronger computer-controlled torches can cut steel up to 6 inches thick. Plasma cutters produce a very hot and localized cone to cut with, and are therefore very suitable for cutting metal sheets in curved and angled shapes. The temperatures generated in plasma-arc cutting are very high and around 9673 Kelvin in the oxygen plasma torch. This offers us a fast process, small kerf width, and good surface finish. In our systems using tungsten electrodes, the plasma is inert, formed using either argon, argon-H2 or nitrogen gases. However, we also use sometimes oxidizing gases, such as air or oxygen, and in those systems the electrode is copper with hafnium. The advantage of an air plasma torch is that it uses air instead of expensive gases, thus potentially reducing overall cost of machining . Our HF-TYPE PLASMA CUTTING machines use a high-frequency, high-voltage spark to ionize the air through the torch head and initiate arcs. Our HF plasma cutters do not require the torch to be in contact with the workpiece material at the start, and are suitable for applications involving COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL (CNC) cutting. Other manufacturers are using primitive machines that require tip contact with the parent metal to start and then the gap separation occurs. These more primitive plasma cutters are more susceptible to contact tip and shield damage at starting. Our PILOT-ARC TYPE PLASMA machines use a two step process for producing plasma, without the need for initial contact. In the first step, a high-voltage, low current circuit is used to initialize a very small high-intensity spark within the torch body, generating a small pocket of plasma gas. This is called the pilot arc. The pilot arc has a return electrical path built into the torch head. The pilot arc is maintained and preserved until it is brought into proximity of the workpiece. There the pilot arc ignites the main plasma cutting arc. Plasma arcs are extremely hot and are in the range of 25,000 °C = 45,000 °F. A more traditional method we also deploy is OXYFUEL-GAS CUTTING (OFC) where we use a torch as in welding. The operation is used in cutting of steel, cast iron and cast steel. The principle of cutting in oxyfuel-gas cutting is based on oxidation, burning and melting of the steel. Kerf widths in oxyfuel-gas cutting are in the neighborhood of 1.5 to 10mm. The plasma arc process has been seen as an alternative to the oxy-fuel process. The plasma-arc process differs from the oxy-fuel process in that it operates by using the arc to melt the metal whereas in the oxy-fuel process, the oxygen oxidizes the metal and the heat from the exothermic reaction melts the metal. Therefore, unlike the oxy-fuel process, the plasma-process can be applied for cutting metals which form refractory oxides such as stainless steel, aluminium, and non-ferrous alloys. PLASMA GOUGING a similar process to plasma cutting, is typically performed with the same equipment as plasma cutting. Instead of cutting the material, plasma gouging uses a different torch configuration. The torch nozzle and gas diffuser is usually different, and a longer torch-to-workpiece distance is maintained for blowing away metal. Plasma gouging can be used in various applications, including removing a weld for rework. Some of our plasma cutters are built in to the CNC table. CNC tables have a computer to control the torch head to produce clean sharp cuts. Our modern CNC plasma equipment is capable of multi-axis cutting of thick materials and allowing opportunities for complex welding seams that are not possible otherwise. Our plasma-arc cutters are highly automated through the use of programmable controls. For thinner materials, we prefer laser cutting to plasma cutting, mostly because of our laser cutter's superior hole-cutting abilities. We also deploy vertical CNC plasma cutting machines, offering us a smaller footprint, increased flexibility, better safety and faster operation. The quality of the plasma cut edge is similar to that achieved with the oxy-fuel cutting processes. However, because the plasma process cuts by melting, a characteristic feature is the greater degree of melting towards the top of the metal resulting in top edge rounding, poor edge squareness or a bevel on the cut edge. We use new models of plasma torches with a smaller nozzle and a thinner plasma arc to improve arc constriction to produce more uniform heating at the top and bottom of the cut. This allows us to obtain near-laser precision on plasma cut and machined edges. Our HIGH TOLERANCE PLASMA ARC CUTTING (HTPAC) systems operate with a highly constricted plasma. Focusing of the plasma is achieved by forcing the oxygen generated plasma to swirl as it enters the plasma orifice and a secondary flow of gas is injected downstream of the plasma nozzle. We have a separate magnetic field surrounding the arc. This stabilises the plasma jet by maintaining the rotation induced by the swirling gas. By combining precision CNC control with these smaller and thinner torches we are capable to produce parts that require little or no finishing. Material removal rates in plasma-machining are much higher than in the Electric-Discharge-Machining (EDM) and Laser-Beam-Machining (LBM) processes, and parts can be machined with good reproducibility. PLASMA ARC WELDING (PAW) is a process similar to gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). The electric arc is formed between an electrode generally made of sintered tungsten and the workpiece. The key difference from GTAW is that in PAW, by positioning the electrode within the body of the torch, the plasma arc can be separated from the shielding gas envelope. The plasma is then forced through a fine-bore copper nozzle which constricts the arc and the plasma exiting the orifice at high velocities and temperatures approaching 20,000 °C. Plasma arc welding is an advancement over the GTAW process. The PAW welding process uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode and an arc constricted through a fine-bore copper nozzle. PAW can be used to join all metals and alloys that are weldable with GTAW. Several basic PAW process variations are possible by varying the current, plasma gas flow rate, and the orifice diameter, including: Micro-plasma (< 15 Amperes) Melt-in mode (15–400 Amperes) Keyhole mode (>100 Amperes) In plasma arc welding (PAW) we obtain a greater energy concentration as compared to GTAW. Deep and narrow penetration is achievable, with a maximum depth of 12 to 18 mm (0.47 to 0.71 in) depending on the material. Greater arc stability allows a much longer arc length (stand-off), and much greater tolerance to arc length changes. As a disadvantage however, PAW requires relatively expensive and complex equipment as compared to GTAW. Also the torch maintenance is critical and more challenging. Other disadvantages of PAW are: Welding procedures tend to be more complex and less tolerant to variations in fit-up, etc. Operator skill required is a little more than for GTAW. Orifice replacement is necessary. CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

Test Equipment for Textiles Testing, Air Permeability Tester, Elmendorf Tearing Tester, Rubbing Fastness Tester for Textile, Spray Rate Tester Test Equipment for Textiles Testing Specialized Test Equipment for Textiles Testing are used for testing textile products such as fabric and clothes, for checking their quality, endurance, functionality, reliability, safety, compliance to domestic and international standards....etc. Our specialized test equipment can be either: - CUSTOM DESIGNED and MANUFACTURED SPECIALIZED TEST EQUIPMENT for TEXTILES TESTING or - OFF-SHELF SPECIALIZED TEST EQUIPMENT for TEXTILES TESTING Custom designed specialized testing equipment is designed and developed by us for our customers specific needs, taking into consideration our customers specific requirements, their markets, their legal responsibilities...etc. We work with you hand in hand to accomplish what you need and want. Our engineers design, prototype and get your approval prior to manufacturing your test machines. On the other hand, our off-shelf specialized test equipment for testing of textiles are already designed and manufactured systems that can be purchased quickly from us and used. If you let us know what you need, we will be happy to guide you and propose you ready systems that can help achieve your goals. Our off-shelf specialized test equipment for testing of textiles can be downloaded from the colored links below: HAIDA Air Permeability Tester HAIDA Automatic Bursting Strength Test Machine Catalog Download HAIDA Automatic Wrap Reel for Textile HAIDA Bursting Strength Tester Series HAIDA Color Assessment Cabinet HAIDA Color Fastness to Washing Tester HAIDA Computerized Universal Test Machine with Extensometer HAIDA Computerized Universal Test Machine with Large Capacity (Double Column) HAIDA Computer Servo Tensile Test Machine HAIDA Desktop Tensile Test Machine HAIDA Double-Column Universal Testing Machine HAIDA Electro-Hydraulic Universal Testing Machine HAIDA Elmendorf Tearing Tester HAIDA Extra - Height Tensile Test Machine HAIDA Ironing Sublimation Color Fastness HAIDA Needle Detector HAIDA Rubbing Fastness Tester for Textile HAIDA Spray Rate Tester HAIDA Tensile Test Machines HAIDA Universal Testing Machine HAIDA Universal Test Machine HAIDA Universal Test Machine with Temperature Chamber For other similar equipment, please visit our equipment website: http://www.sourceindustrialsupply.com CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

Gallery of Manufactured Products by AGS-TECH Inc., Plastic and Rubber Molds & Molding, Metal Castings, Machined Components, Metal Stamping, Sheet Metal AGS-TECH, Inc. is your Global Custom Manufacturer, Integrator, Consolidator, Outsourcing Partner. We are your one-stop source for manufacturing, fabrication, engineering, consolidation, outsourcing. Gallery of Manufactured Products Please click on the menus below to see some products we have manufactured in the past for our customers. Products we have been manufacturing include plastic and rubber molds, molded parts, metal castings and machined components, forgings, extrusions, stampings and sheet metal fabricated components and assemblies, mechanical assemblies, electrical and electronic assemblies, optical, fiber optic, optomechanical, optoelectronic components and assemblies, customized equipment, automation systems, test and metrology devices and equipment to name a few. VISIT GALLERY Plastic Molds & Molding VISIT GALLERY Rubber and Elastomer Molds & Molding VISIT GALLERY Metal and Metal Alloy Castings VISIT GALLERY Machined Components & Milling & Turning VISIT GALLERY Metal Stamping & Sheet Metal Fabrication VISIT GALLERY Mechanical Assemblies VISIT GALLERY Electrical and Electronic Assemblies VISIT GALLERY Optomechanical Assemblies VISIT GALLERY Electronic Prototyping VISIT GALLERY LED Product Assemblies PREVIOUS PAGE

Micromanufacturing - Surface & Bulk Micromachining - Microscale Manufacturing - MEMS - Accelerometers - AGS-TECH Inc. Microscale Manufacturing / Micromanufacturing / Micromachining / MEMS MICROMANUFACTURING, MICROSCALE MANUFACTURING, MICROFABRICATION or MICROMACHINING refers to our processes suitable for making tiny devices and products in the micron or microns of dimensions. Sometimes the overall dimensions of a micromanufactured product may be larger, but we still use this term to refer to the principles and processes that are involved. We use the micromanufacturing approach to make the following types of devices: Microelectronic Devices: Typical examples are semiconductor chips that function based on electrical & electronic principles. Micromechanical Devices: These are products that are purely mechanical in nature such as very small gears and hinges. Microelectromechanical Devices: We use micromanufacturing techniques to combine mechanical, electrical and electronic elements at very small length scales. Most of our sensors are in this category. Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS): These microelectromechanical devices also incorporate an integrated electrical system in one product. Our popular commercial products in this category are MEMS accelerometers, air-bag sensors and digital micromirror devices. Depending on the product to be fabricated, we deploy one of the following major micromanufacturing methods: BULK MICROMACHINING: This is a relatively older method which uses orientation-dependent etches on single-crystal silicon. The bulk micromachining approach is based on etching down into a surface, and stopping on certain crystal faces, doped regions, and etchable films to form the required structure. Typical products we are capable of micromanufacturing using bulk micromachining technique are: - Tiny cantilevers - V-groves in silicon for alignment and fixation of optical fibers. SURFACE MICROMACHINING: Unfortunately bulk micromachining is restricted to single-crystal materials, since polycrystalline materials will not machine at different rates in different directions using wet etchants. Therefore surface micromachining stands out as an alternative to bulk micromachining. A spacer or sacrificial layer such as phosphosilicate glass is deposited using CVD process onto a silicon substrate. Generally speaking, structural thin film layers of polysilicon, metal, metal alloys, dielectrics are deposited onto the spacer layer. Using dry etching techniques, the structural thin film layers are patterned and wet etching is used to remove the sacrificial layer, thereby resulting in free-standing structures such as cantilevers. Also possible is using combinations of bulk and surface micromachining techniques for turning some designs into products. Typical products suitable for micromanufacturing using a combination of the above two techniques: - Submilimetric size microlamps (in the order of 0.1 mm size) - Pressure sensors - Micropumps - Micromotors - Actuators - Micro-fluid-flow devices Sometimes, in order to obtain high vertical structures, micromanufacturing is performed on large flat structures horizontally and then the structures are rotated or folded into an upright position using techniques such as centrifuging or microassembly with probes. Yet very tall structures can be obtained in single crystal silicon using silicon fusion bonding and deep reactive ion etching. Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) micromanufacturing process is carried out on two separate wafers, then aligned and fusion bonded to produce very tall structures that would otherwise be impossible. LIGA MICROMANUFACTURING PROCESSES: The LIGA process combines X-ray lithography, electrodeposition, molding and generally involves the following steps: 1. A few hundreds of microns thick polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA) resist layer is deposited onto the primary substrate. 2. The PMMA is developed using collimated X-rays. 3. Metal is electrodeposited onto the primary substrate. 4. PMMA is stripped and a freestanding metal structure remains. 5. We use the remaining metal structure as a mould and perform injection molding of plastics. If you analyze the basic five steps above, using the LIGA micromanufacturing / micromachining techniques we can obtain: - Freestanding metal structures - Injection molded plastic structures - Using injection molded structure as a blank we can investment cast metal parts or slip-cast ceramic parts. The LIGA micromanufacturing / micromachining processes are time consuming and expensive. However LIGA micromachining produces these submicron precision molds which can be used to replicate the desired structures with distinct advantages. LIGA micromanufacturing can be used for example to fabricate very strong miniature magnets from rare-earth powders. The rare-earth powders are mixed with an epoxy binder and pressed to the PMMA mold, cured under high pressure, magnetized under strong magnetic fields and finally the PMMA is dissolved leaving behind the tiny strong rare-earth magnets which are one of the wonders of micromanufacturing / micromachining. We are also capable to develop multilevel MEMS micromanufacturing / micromachining techniques through wafer-scale diffusion bonding. Basically we can have overhanging geometries within MEMS devices, using a batch diffusion bonding and release procedure. For example we prepare two PMMA patterned and electroformed layers with the PMMA subsequently released. Next, the wafers are aligned face to face with guide pins and press fit together in a hot press. The sacrificial layer on one of the substrates is etched away which results in one of the layers bonded to the other. Other non-LIGA based micromanufacturing techniques are also available to us for the fabrication of various complex multilayer structures. SOLID FREEFORM MICROFABRICATION PROCESSES: Additive micromanufacturing is used for rapid prototyping. Complex 3D structures can be obtained by this micromachining method and no material removal takes place. Microstereolithography process uses liquid thermosetting polymers, photoinitiator and a highly focused laser source to a diameter as small as 1 micron and layer thicknesses of about 10 microns. This micromanufacturing technique is however limited to production of nonconducting polymer structures. Another micromanufacturing method, namely “instant masking” or also known as “electrochemical fabrication” or EFAB involves the production of an elastomeric mask using photolithography. The mask is then pressed against the substrate in an electrodeposition bath so that the elastomer conforms to substrate and excludes plating solution in contact areas. Areas that are not masked are electrodeposited as the mirror image of the mask. Using a sacrificial filler, complex 3D shapes are microfabricated. This “instant masking” micromanufacturing / micromachining method makes it also possible to produce overhangs, arches…etc. CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

Glass Cutting Shaping Tools offered by AGS-TECH, Inc. We supply high quality diamond wheel series, diamond wheel for solar glass, diamond wheel for CNC machine, peripheral diamond wheel, cup & bowl shape diamond wheels, resin wheel series, polishing wheel series, felt wheel, stone wheel, coating removal wheel... Glass Cutting Shaping Tools Please click on the Glass Cutting and Shaping Tools of interest below to download related brochure. Diamond Wheel Series Diamond Wheel for Solar Glass Diamond Wheel for CNC Machine Peripheral Diamond Wheel Cup & Bowl Shape Diamond Wheel Resin Wheel Series Polishing Wheel Series 10S Polishing Wheel Felt Wheel Stone Wheel Coating Removal Wheel BD Polishing Wheel BK Polishing Wheel 9R Ploshing Wheel Polishing Material series Cerium Oxide Series Glass Drill Series Glass Tool Series Other Glass Tools Glass Plier Glass Suction & Lifter Grinding Tool Power Tool UV,Testing Tool Sandblast Fittings Series Machine Fittings Series Cutting Discs Glass Cutters Ungrouped Price of our glass cutting shaping tools depends on model and quantity of order. If you would like us to design and/or manufacture glass cutting and shaping tools specifically for you, please either provide us detailed blueprints, or ask us for help. We will then design, prototype and manufacture them specially for you. Since we carry a wide variety of glass cutting, drilling, grinding, polishing and shaping products with different dimensions, applications and material; it is impossible to list them here. We encourage you to email or call us so we can determine which product is the best fit for you. When contacting us, please inform us about: - Intended application - Material grade preferred - Dimensions - Finishing requirements - Packaging requirements - Labeling requirements - Quantity of your planned order & estimated yearly demand Private Label Auto Glass Repair and Replacement Systems We can private label these hand tools if you wish. In other words, we can put your company name, brand and label on them. This way you can promote your brand by reselling these to your customers. Private Label Hand Tools for Every Industry This catalog contains a few glass cutting and shaping tools. We can private label these hand tools if you wish. In other words, we can put your company name, brand and label on them. This way you can promote your brand by reselling these to your customers. Private Label Power Tool Accessories This brochure includes some glass cutting and shaping tools. We can private label these hand tools if you wish. In other words, we can put your company name, brand and label on them. This way you can promote your brand by reselling these to your customers. Private Label Power Tools for Every Industry This catalog contains some glass cutting and shaping tools. We can private label these hand tools if you wish. In other words, we can put your company name, brand and label on them. This way you can promote your brand by reselling these to your customers. CLICK HERE to download our technical capabilities and reference guide for specialty cutting, drilling, grinding, forming, shaping, polishing tools used in medical, dental, precision instrumentation, metal stamping, die forming and other industrial applications. CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service Click Here to go to Cutting, Drilling, Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, Dicing and Shaping Tools Menu Ref. Code: OICASANHUA

High quality Masonry Cutting and Shaping Tools including universal drills, glass tile drill bits, chisel, hammer drill bits, masonry drill bits, TCT core drills, diamond core drills, SDS chuck adapter, and more. Masonry Cutting & Shaping Tools Masonry is work done using stone, brick, or concrete. Therefore, masonry cutting, shaping tools refer to all kinds of blades, drills, drill bits, chisels.....etc. used to work on materials such as stones, bricks and concrete. Please click on the products of interest below to download related brochure. (Put the mouse on name of product and click on it). We do have a wide spectrum of masonry cutting & shaping tools suitable for almost any application. There is a wide variety of masonry cutting & shaping tools with different dimensions, applications and material; it is impossible to present them all here. If you cannot find or if you are not sure which masonry cutting and shaping tools will meet your expectations and requirements, email or call us so we can determine which product is the best fit for you. When contacting us, please try to provide us as much detail as possible such as your application, dimensions, material grade if you know, finishing requirements, packaging & labeling requirements and of course quantity of your planned order. Universal Drills New!! Glass Tile Drill Bits Chisel Cold Chisel & Punch Hammer Drill Bits (SDS) Masonry Drill Bits TCT Core Drills Diamond Core Drills SDS Chuck Adapter Private Label Abrasives (We can put your company name, logo, brand on these. In other words we offer you private label) Private Label Abrasives Ordering Instructions Guide Private Label Drill Bits (We can private label these drill bits with your company name and logo) Private Label Hand Tools for Every Industry This catalog contains some masonry cutting and shaping tools. We can private label these hand tools if you wish. In other words, we can put your company name, brand and label on them. This way you can promote your brand by reselling these to your customers. Private Label Power Tool Accessories This brochure includes some masonry cutting and shaping tools. We can private label these hand tools if you wish. In other words, we can put your company name, brand and label on them. This way you can promote your brand by reselling these to your customers. Private Label Power Tools for Every Industry This catalog contains some masonry cutting and shaping tools. We can private label these hand tools if you wish. In other words, we can put your company name, brand and label on them. This way you can promote your brand by reselling these to your customers. Private Label Taps - Cutting Tools (We can private label these drill bits with your company name and logo) CLICK HERE to download our technical capabilities and reference guide for specialty cutting, drilling, grinding, forming, shaping, polishing tools used in medical, dental, precision instrumentation, metal stamping, die forming and other industrial applications. CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service Click Here to go to Cutting, Drilling, Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, Dicing and Shaping Tools Menu Ref. Code: OICASOSTAR

AGS-TECH Inc. - We are Experts in Custom Manufacturing, Engineering Integration, Value Added Logistics, Shipping, Warehousing, Just-In-Time Manufacturing..more Logistics & Shipping & Warehousing & Just-In-Time Shipment at AGS-TECH Inc. Just-In-Time (JIT) shipment is without doubt the preferred and least expensive, most efficient option. Details of this shipping option can be found on our page for Computer Integrated Manufacturing at AGS-TECH Inc. However some of our customers do need warehousing or other types of logistics services. We are able to offer you whatever logistics, shipping and warehousing service you need. In case you have a preferred shipping forwarder or an account with UPS, FEDEX, DHL or TNT we can use it too. Let us summarize our logistics, shipping, warehousing and just-in-time (JIT) services: JUST-IN-TIME (JIT) SHIPMENT: As an option, we do provide Just-In-Time (JIT) shipment to our customers. Please note that this is only an option we do offer you in case you want or need it. Computer integrated JIT eliminates waste of materials, machines, capital, manpower and inventory throughout the manufacturing system. In our computer integrated JIT we produce parts to order while matching production with demand. No stockpiles are kept, and no effort retrieving them from storage. Parts are inspected in real time as they are being manufactured and are used almost immediately. This enables continuous control and immediate identification of defective parts or process variations. Just-in-time shipment eliminates undesirably high inventory levels that mask quality and production problems. Just-in-time shipment offers our customers the option of eliminating the need for warehousing and its associated costs. Computer integrated JIT shipment results in high-quality parts and products at lower cost. WAREHOUSING: Under some circumstances, warehousing can be considered to be the best option. For example some blanket orders are more easily manufactured at one time, warehoused / stocked and then shipped to customer at predetermined dates. AGS-TECH Inc. has a network of warehouses with environmental control at strategic locations throughout the World and can minimize your logistics and shipping costs. Some components have long shelf-lives and are better manufactured at one time and warehoused. For example, some special components or assemblies cannot tolerate the smallest differences from lot-to-lot, so they are produced all at once and warehoused. Or some products that have very high machine set-up costs may need to be manufactured all at once and stocked to avoid multiple expensive machine set ups and adjustments. Always feel free to ask AGS-TECH Inc. for opinion and we will gladly provide you our feedback about the best logistics for you. AIR FREIGHT: For orders that need fast shipment, standard air shipping as well as shipment by one of the couriers such as UPS, FEDEX, DHL or TNT are popular. Standard air shipment is offered by post office such as the USPS in the United States and costs much less than the others. However USPS can take up to 10 days to ship depending on global location. Another disadvantage of USPS shipment is that at some locations and some countries, recipient may need to go and pick up the goods from the post office when they arrive. On the other hand UPS, FEDEX, DHL and TNT are more expensive but shipment is either overnight or within a few days (generally less than 5 days) to almost any location on earth. Shipment by these couriers is also easier as they handle most of the customs work as well and bring the goods to your door. These courier services even pick up the goods or samples from the address given to them so clients do not have to drive to their nearest offices. Some of our customers have an account with one of these shipping companies and provide us their account number. Then we ship their products using their account on collect basis. On the other hand some of our customers do not have an account or do prefer us to use our account. In that case we inform our customer about the shipping fee and add it to their invoice. Using our UPS or FEDEX shipping account generally saves our customers cash as we have special global rates based on our high daily shipment volumes. SEA FREIGHT: This shipment method is best suitable for heavy and large volume loads. For a partial container load from China all the way to a US port, the cost associated may be as low as a couple hundred dollars. If you live close to the arrival port of the shipment, it is easy for us to bring it to your door. However if you live far away inland, there will be additional shipping fees for inland shipment. Either way, sea shipment is inexpensive. The disadvantage of sea shipment is however that it takes more time, generally about 30 days from China to your door. This longer shipment time is partly due to waiting times at ports, loading and unloading, customs clearance. Some of our customer ask us to quote them the sea freight while others have their own shipping forwarder. When you ask us to handle the shipment we get quotes from our preferred carriers and let you know the best rates. You can then make your decision. GROUND FREIGHT: As the name implies this is the type of shipment on land by mainly trucks and trains. Many times when a customer’s shipment arrives at a seaport, it needs further transportation to final destination. The inland portion is generally done by ground freight, because it is more economical that air shipping. Also, shipping within continental US is often by ground freight that delivers the products by train or truck from one of our warehouses to customer’s door. Our customers tell us how quickly they need the products and we inform them about the various shipment options, number of days each option takes along with shipping fees. PARTIAL AIR / PARTIAL SEA FREIGHT SHIPMENT: This is a smart option we have been using in case our customer needs some components very fast while waiting for the larger portion of their shipment to be shipped by sea freight. Shipping the larger portion by sea freight saves our customer cash while he gets a smaller portion of the shipment by air via air freight or one of UPS, FEDEX, DHL or TNT quickly. This way, our customer has enough parts in stock to work with while waiting for his sea freight to arrive. PARTIAL AIR / PARTIAL GROUND FREIGHT SHIPMENT: Similar to partial air / partial sea freight shipment, this is a smart option in case you need some components or products quickly while waiting for the larger portion of the shipment to be shipped by ground freight. Shipping the larger portion by ground freight saves you cash while you get a smaller portion of the shipment by air via air freight or one of UPS, FEDEX, DHL or TNT quickly. This way, you have enough parts in stock to work with while waiting for your ground freight to arrive. DROP SHIPPING: This is an arrangement between a business and the manufacturer or distributor of a product the business wishes to sell in which the manufacturer or distributor, and not the business, ships the product to the business's customers. As a logistics service we offer drop shipment. After manufacturing, we can package, label and mark your products as you wish with your logo, brand name…etc. and ship directly to your customer. This can save you on shipping cost, because you will not need to receive, repackage and reship. Drop shipping also eliminates your inventory costs. CUSTOMS CLEARANCE: Some of our customers do have their own broker to clear shipped goods through customs. However, many customers prefer us to handle this task. Either way is acceptable. Just let us know how you want your shipment to be handled at the port of entry and we will take care of you. We have many years of experience with the customs procedures and have brokers we can refer you to. For most unfinished products or components such as metal castings, machined parts, metal stampings and injection molded components, import fees are minimal or none in most developed countries such as the US. There are legal ways to reduce or eliminate import duties by properly assigning the HS code to the products in your shipment. We are here to assist you and reduce your shipping and customs fees. CONSOLIDATION / ASSEMBLY / KITTING / PACKAGING / LABELING: These are valuable logistics services AGS-TECH Inc. provides. Some products have several different types of components that must be manufactured at different plants. These components need to be assembled together. The assembly may take place at customer’s place, or if desired, we can assemble the finished product, package, put it together into kits, label, perform quality control and ship as desired. This is a good option of logistics for customers that do have limited space and resources. These additional services added will very likely be less expensive than shipping the components from multiple locations to you, because unless you have the resources, tools and space, it will take you more time and more shipment fees to send to third parties back and forth for packaging, labeling…etc. We can them either ship the finished and packaged products to you or you can take advantage of our warehousing and drop shipping services. However, sometimes our customers ask us to ship them all the components of their kits and they only need to assemble, open up their printed and folded carton packages, label and ship to their customers a finished product. In this case they source all these components from us including custom printed boxes, labels, packaging materials….etc. This can be justified in some cases as we can fold and fit unassembled boxes and labels and materials into a smaller and denser package and save you on overall shipping cost. Once again, we do take care of our customer's international shipments and customs work in case you want us to do this. For those who are interested in knowing some of the most basic terms related to international shipment, we have a brochure you can download by clicking here. PREVIOUS PAGE

Functional & Decorative Coatings, Thin Film, Thick Films, Antireflective and Reflective Mirror Coating - AGS-TECH Inc. Functional Coatings / Decorative Coatings / Thin Film / Thick Film A COATING is a covering that is applied to the surface of an object. Coatings can be in the form of THIN FILM (less than 1 micron thick) or THICK FILM (over 1 micron thick). Based on the purpose of applying the coating we can offer you DECORATIVE COATINGS and/or FUNCTIONAL COATINGS, or both. Sometimes we apply functional coatings to change the surface properties of the substrate, such as adhesion, wettability, corrosion resistance, or wear resistance. In some other cases such as in semiconductor device fabrication, we apply the functional coatings to add a completely new property such as magnetization or electrical conductivity which become an essential part of the finished product. Our most popular FUNCTIONAL COATINGS are: Adhesive Coatings: Examples are adhesive tape, iron-on fabric. Other functional adhesive coatings are applied to change the adhesion properties, such as non-stick PTFE coated cooking pans, primers that encourage subsequent coatings to adhere well. Tribological Coatings: These functional coatings relate to the principles of friction, lubrication and wear. Any product where one material slides or rubs over another is affected by complex tribological interactions. Products like hip implants and other artificial prosthesis are lubricated in certain ways whereas other products are unlubricated as in high temperature sliding components where conventional lubricants can not be used. The formation of compacted oxide layers have been proven to protect against wear of such sliding mechanical parts. Tribological functional coatings have huge benefits in industry, minimizing wear of machine elements, minimizing wear and tolerance deviations in manufacturing tools such as dies and moulds, minimizing power requirements and making machinery and equipment more energy efficient. Optical Coatings: Examples are Anti-reflective (AR) coatings, reflective coatings for mirrors, UV- absorbent coatings for protection of eyes or for increasing the life of the substrate, tinting used in some colored lighting, tinted glazing and sunglasses. Catalytic Coatings such as applied on self-cleaning glass. Light-Sensitive Coatings used to make products such as photographic films Protective Coatings: Paints can be considered protecting the products besides being decorative in purpose. Hard anti-scratch coatings on plastics and other materials are one of our most widely used functional coatings to reduce scratching, improve wear resistance, …etc. Anti-corrosion coatings such as plating are also very popular. Other protective functional coatings are put on waterproof fabric and paper, antimicrobial surface coatings on surgical tools and implants. Hydrophilic / Hydrophobic Coatings: Wetting (hydrophilic) and unwetting (hydrophobic) functional thin and thick films are important in applications where water absorption is either desired or undesired. Using advanced technology we can alter your product surfaces, to make them either easily wettable or unwettable. Typical applications are in textiles, dressings, leather boots, pharmaceutical or surgical products. Hydrophilic nature refers to a physical property of a molecule that can transiently bond with water (H2O) through hydrogen bonding. This is thermodynamically favorable, and makes these molecules soluble not only in water, but also in other polar solvents. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules are also known as polar molecules and nonpolar molecules, respectively. Magnetic Coatings: These functional coatings add magnetic properties such as is the case for magnetic floppy disks, cassettes, magnetic stripes, magnetooptic storage, inductive recording media, magnetoresist sensors, and thin-film heads on products. Magnetic thin films are sheets of magnetic material with thicknesses of a few micrometers or less, used primarily in the electronics industry. Magnetic thin films can be single-crystal, polycrystalline, amorphous, or multilayered functional coatings in the arrangement of their atoms. Both ferro- and ferrimagnetic films are used. The ferromagnetic functional coatings are usually transition-metal-based alloys. For example, permalloy is a nickel-iron alloy. The ferrimagnetic functional coatings, such as garnets or the amorphous films, contain transition metals such as iron or cobalt and rare earths and the ferrimagnetic properties are advantageous in magnetooptic applications where a low overall magnetic moment can be achieved without a significant change in the Curie temperature. Some sensor elements function on the principle of change in electrical properties, such as the electrical resistance, with a magnetic field. In semiconductor technology, the magnetoresist head used in disk storage technology functions with this principle. Very large magnetoresist signals (giant magnetoresistance) are observed in magnetic multilayers and composites containing a magnetic and nonmagnetic material. Electrical or Electronic Coatings: These functional coatings add electrical or electronic properties such as conductivity to manufacture products such as resistors, insulation properties such as in the case of magnet wire coatings used in transformers. DECORATIVE COATINGS: When we speak of decorative coatings the options are only limited by your imagination. Both thick and thin film type coatings have been successfully engineered and applied in the past to our customers products. Regardless of the difficulty in the geometric shape and material of the substrate and application conditions, we are always capable to formulate the chemistry, physical aspects such as exact Pantone code of color and application method for your desired decorative coatings. Complex patterns involving shapes or different colors are also possible. We can make your plastic polymer parts look metallic. We can color anodize extrusions with various patterns and it won’t even look anodized. We can mirror coat an oddly-shaped part. Furthermore decorative coatings can be formulated that will also act as functional coatings at the same time. Any of the below mentioned thin and thick film deposition techniques used for functional coatings can be deployed for decorative coatings. Here are some of our popular decorative coatings: - PVD Thin Film Decorative Coatings - Electroplated Decorative Coatings - CVD and PECVD Thin Film Decorative Coatings - Thermal Evaporation Decorative Coatings - Roll-to-Roll Decorative Coating - E-Beam Oxide Interference Decorative Coatings - Ion Plating - Cathodic Arc Evaporation for Decorative Coatings - PVD + Photolithography, Heavy Gold Plating on PVD - Aerosol Coatings for Glass Coloring - Anti-tarnish Coating - Decorative Copper-Nickel-Chrome Systems - Decorative Powder Coating - Decorative Painting, Custom Tailored Paint Formulations using Pigments, Fillers, Colloidal Silica Dispersant...etc. If you contact us with your requirements for decorative coatings, we can provide you our expert opinion. We have advanced tools such as color readers, color comparators….etc. to guarantee consistent quality of your coatings. THIN and THICK FILM COATING PROCESSES: Here are the most widely used of our techniques. Electro-Plating / Chemical Plating (hard chromium, chemical nickel) Electroplating is the process of plating one metal onto another by hydrolysis, for decorative purposes, corrosion prevention of a metal or other purposes. Electroplating lets us use inexpensive metals such as steel or zinc or plastics for the bulk of the product and then apply different metals on the outside in the form of a film for better appearance, protection, and for other properties desired for the product. Electroless plating, also known as chemical plating, is a non-galvanic plating method that involves several simultaneous reactions in an aqueous solution, which occur without the use of external electrical power. The reaction is accomplished when hydrogen is released by a reducing agent and oxidized, thus producing a negative charge on the surface of the part. Advantages of these thin and thick films are good corrosion resistance, low processing temperature, possibility to deposit in bore holes, slots… etc. Disadvantages are the limited selection of coating materials, relatively soft nature of the coatings, environmentally polluting treatment baths that are needed including chemicals such as cyanide, heavy metals, fluorides, oils, limited accuracy of surface replication. Diffusion Processes (Nitriding, nitrocarburization, boronizing, phosphating, etc.) In heat treatment furnaces, the diffused elements usually originate from gases reacting at high temperatures with the metal surfaces. This can be a pure thermal and chemical reaction as a consequence of the thermal dissociation of the gases. In some cases, diffused elements originate from solids. The advantages of these thermochemical coating processes are good corrosion resistance, good reproducibility. The disadvantages of these are being relatively soft coatings, limited selection of base material (which must be suitable for nitriding), long processing times, environmental and health hazards involved, requirement of post-treatment. CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) CVD is a chemical process used to produce high quality, high-performance, solid coatings. The process produces thin films too. In a typical CVD, the substrates are exposed to one or more volatile precursors, that react and/or decompose on the substrate surface to produce the desired thin film. Advantages of these thin & thick films are their high wear resistance, potential to economically produce thicker coatings, suitability for bore holes, slots ….etc. Disadvantages of CVD processes are their high processing temperatures, difficulty or impossibility of coatings with multiple metals (such as TiAlN), rounding of edges, use of environmentally hazardous chemicals. PACVD / PECVD (Plasma-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition) PACVD is also called PECVD standing for Plasma Enhanced CVD. Whereas in a PVD coating process the thin & thick film materials are evaporated from a solid form, in PECVD the coating results from a gas phase. Precursor gasses are cracked in the plasma to become available for the coating. Advantages of this thin and thick film deposition technique is that significantly lower process temperatures are possible as compared to CVD, precise coatings are deposited. Disadvantages of PACVD are that it has only limited suitability for bore holes, slots etc. PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) PVD processes are a variety of purely physical vacuum deposition methods used to deposit thin films by the condensation of a vaporized form of the desired film material onto workpiece surfaces. Sputtering and evaporative coatings are examples of PVD. Advantages are that no environmentally damaging materials and emissions are produced, a large variety of coatings can be produced, coating temperatures are below the final heat treatment temperature of most steels, precisely reproducible thin coatings, high wear resistance, low frictional coefficient. Disadvantages are bore holes, slots ...etc. can only be coated down to a depth equal to the diameter or width of the opening, corrosion resistant only under certain conditions, and for obtaining uniform film thicknesses, parts must be rotated during deposition. The adhesion of functional and decorative coatings are substrate dependent. Furthermore, the lifetime of thin and thick film coatings depends on environmental parameters such as humidity, temperature...etc. Therefore, before considering a functional or decorative coating, contact us for our opinion. We can choose the most suitable coating materials and coating technique that fits your substrates and application and deposit them under the strictest quality standards. Contact AGS-TECH Inc. for details of thin and thick film deposition capabilities. Do you need design assistance ? Do you need prototypes ? Do you need mass manufacturing ? We are here to help you. Click on blue colored text below to download product catalogs and brochures: - Private Label Nano Surface Protection Car Care Products We can label these products with your name and logo if you wish - Private Label Nano Surface Industrial Products We can label these products with your name and logo if you wish - Private Label Nano Surface Protection Marine Products We can label these products with your name and logo if you wish - Private Label Nano Surface Protection Products We can label these products with your name and logo if you wish CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

PCB - PCBA - Printed Circuit Board Assembly - Rigid Flexible Multilayer - Surface Mount Assembly - SMA - AGS-TECH Inc. PCB & PCBA Manufacturing and Assembly We offer: PCB: Printed Circuit Board PCBA: Printed Circuit Board Assembly • Printed Circuit Board Assemblies of all types (PCB, rigid, flexible and multilayer) • Substrates or complete PCBA assembly depending on your needs. • Thru-Hole and Surface Mount Assembly (SMA) Please send us your Gerber files, BOM, component specifications. We can either assemble your PCBs and PCBA's using your exact components specified, or we can offer you our matching alternatives. We are experienced shipping PCBs and PCBAs and will make sure to package them in antistatic bags to avoid electrostatic damage. PCBs intended for extreme environments often have a conformal coating, which is applied by dipping or spraying after the components have been soldered. The coat prevents corrosion and leakage currents or shorting due to condensation. Our conformal coats are usually dips of dilute solutions of silicone rubber, polyurethane, acrylic, or epoxy. Some are engineering plastics sputtered onto the PCB in a vacuum chamber. Safety Standard UL 796 covers component safety requirements for printed wiring boards for use as components in devices or appliances. Our tests analyze characteristics such as flammability, maximum operating temperature, electrical tracking, heat deflection, and direct support of live electrical parts. The PCB boards may use organic or inorganic base materials in a single or multilayer, rigid or flexible form. Circuitry construction may include etched, die stamped, precut, flush press, additive, and plated conductor techniques. Printed-component parts may be used. The suitability of the pattern parameters, temperature and maximum solder limits shall be determined in accordance with the applicable end-product construction and requirements. Don't wait, call us for more information, design assistance, prototypes and mass production. If you need, we will take care of all the labeling, packaging, shipping, import & customs, storage and delivery. Below you can download our relevant brochures and catalogs for PCB and PCBA assembly: General process capabilities & tolerances for rigid PCB manufacturing General process capabilities & tolerances for aluminum PCB manufacturing General process capabilities & tolerances for flexible and rigid-flexible PCB manufacturing General PCB Fabrication Processes General process summary of Printed Circuit Board Assembly PCBA manufacturing Overview of Printed Circuit Boards Manufacturing Plant Some more brochures of our products we can use in your PCB and PCBA assembly projects: To download our catalog for off-shelf interconnect components & hardware such as quick-fit terminals, USB plugs & sockets, micro pins & jacks and more, please CLICK HERE Terminal Blocks and Connectors Terminal Blocks General Catalogue Standard heat sinks Extruded heat sinks Easy Click heat sinks a perfect product for PCB assemblies Super Power heat sinks for medium - high power electronic systems Heat sinks with Super Fins LCD modules Receptacles-Power Entry-Connectors Catalogue Dowload brochure for our DESIGN PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM If you are interested in our engineering and research & development capabilities instead of manufacturing operations and capabilities, then we invite you to visit our engineering site http://www.ags-engineering.com CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE