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Laser Machining - LM - Laser Cutting - Custom Parts Manufacturing - CO2 Laser Processing - Nd-YAG - Cutting - Boring Laser Machining & Cutting & LBM LASER CUTTING is a HIGH-ENERGY-BEAM MANUFACTURING technology that uses a laser to cut materials, and is typically used for industrial manufacturing applications. In LASER BEAM MACHINING (LBM), a laser source focuses optical energy on the surface of the workpiece. Laser cutting directs the highly focused and high-density output of a high-power laser, by computer, at the material to be cut. The targeted material then either melts, burns, vaporizes away, or is blown away by a jet of gas, in a controlled manner leaving an edge with a high-quality surface finish. Our industrial laser cutters are suitable for cutting flat-sheet material as well as structural and piping materials, metallic and nonmetallic workpieces. Generally no vacuum is required in the laser beam machining and cutting processes. There are several types of lasers used in laser cutting and manufacturing. The pulsed or continuous wave CO2 LASER is suited for cutting, boring, and engraving. The NEODYMIUM (Nd) and neodymium yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd-YAG) LASERS are identical in style and differ only in application. The neodymium Nd is used for boring and where high energy but low repetition is required. The Nd-YAG laser on the other hand is used where very high power is required and for boring and engraving. Both CO2 and Nd/ Nd-YAG lasers can be used for LASER WELDING. Other lasers we use in manufacturing include Nd:GLASS, RUBY and EXCIMER. In Laser Beam Machining (LBM), the following parameters are important: The reflectivity and thermal conductivity of the workpiece surface and its specific heat and latent heat of melting and evaporation. The efficiency of the Laser Beam Machining (LBM) process increases with decreasing of these parameters. The cutting depth can be expressed as: t ~ P / (v x d) This means, the cutting depth “t” is proportional to the power input P and inversely proportional to cutting speed v and laser-beam spot diameter d. The surface produced with LBM is generally rough and has a heat-affected zone. CARBONDIOXIDE (CO2) LASER CUTTING and MACHINING: The DC-excited CO2 lasers get pumped by passing a current through the gas mix whereas the RF-excited CO2 lasers use radio frequency energy for excitation. The RF method is relatively new and has become more popular. DC designs require electrodes inside the cavity, and therefore they can have electrode erosion and plating of electrode material on the optics. To the contrary, RF resonators have external electrodes and therefore they are not prone to those problems. We use CO2 lasers in industrial cutting of many materials such as mild steel, aluminum, stainless steel, titanium and plastics. YAG LASER CUTTING and MACHINING: We use YAG lasers for cutting and scribing metals and ceramics. The laser generator and external optics require cooling. Waste heat is generated and transferred by a coolant or directly to air. Water is a common coolant, usually circulated through a chiller or heat transfer system. EXCIMER LASER CUTTING and MACHINING: An excimer laser is a kind of laser with wavelengths in the ultraviolet region. The exact wavelength depends on the molecules used. For example the following wavelengths are associated with the molecules shown in parantheses: 193 nm (ArF), 248 nm (KrF), 308 nm (XeCl), 353 nm (XeF). Some excimer lasers are tunable. Excimer lasers have the attractive property that they can remove very fine layers of surface material with almost no heating or change to the remainder of the material. Therefore excimer lasers are well suited to precision micromachining of organic materials such as some polymers and plastics. GAS-ASSISTED LASER CUTTING: Sometimes we use laser beams in combination with a gas stream, like oxygen, nitrogen or argon for cutting thin sheet materials. This is done using a LASER-BEAM TORCH. For stainless steel and aluminum we use high-pressure inert-gas-assisted laser cutting using nitrogen. This results in oxide-free edges to improve weldability. These gas streams also blow away molten and vaporized material from workpiece surfaces. In a LASER MICROJET CUTTING we have a water-jet guided laser in which a pulsed laser beam is coupled into a low-pressure water jet. We use it to perform laser cutting while using the water jet to guide the laser beam, similar to an optical fiber. The advantages of laser microjet are that the water also removes debris and cools the material, it is faster than traditional ''dry'' laser cutting with higher dicing speeds, parallel kerf and omnidirectional cutting capability. We deploy different methods in cutting using lasers. Some of the methods are vaporization, melt and blow, melt blow and burn, thermal stress cracking, scribing, cold cutting and burning, stabilized laser cutting. - Vaporization cutting: The focused beam heats the surface of the material to its boiling point and creates a hole. The hole leads to a sudden increase in absorptivity and quickly deepens the hole. As the hole deepens and the material boils, the generated vapor erodes the molten walls blowing material out and further enlarging the hole. Non melting material such as wood, carbon and thermoset plastics are usually cut by this method. - Melt and blow cutting: We use high-pressure gas to blow molten material from the cutting area, decreasing the required power. The material is heated to its melting point and then a gas jet blows the molten material out of the kerf. This eliminates the need to raise the temperature of the material any further. We cut metals with this technique. - Thermal stress cracking: Brittle materials are sensitive to thermal fracture. A beam is focused on the surface causing localized heating and thermal expansion. This results in a crack that can then be guided by moving the beam. We use this technique in glass cutting. - Stealth dicing of silicon wafers: The separation of microelectronic chips from silicon wafers is performed by the stealth dicing process, using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser, the wavelength of 1064 nm is well adopted to the electronic band gap of silicon (1.11 eV or 1117 nm). This is popular in semiconductor device fabrication. - Reactive cutting: Also called flame cutting, this technique can be resembled to oxygen torch cutting but with a laser beam as the ignition source. We use this for cutting carbon steel in thicknesses over 1 mm and even very thick steel plates with little laser power. PULSED LASERS provide us a high-power burst of energy for a short period and are very effective in some laser cutting processes, such as piercing, or when very small holes or very low cutting speeds are required. If a constant laser beam was used instead, the heat could reach the point of melting the entire piece being machined. Our lasers have the ability to pulse or cut CW (Continuous Wave) under NC (numerical control) program control. We use DOUBLE PULSE LASERS emitting a series of pulse pairs to improve material removal rate and hole quality. The first pulse removes material from the surface and the second pulse prevents the ejected material from readhering to the side of the hole or cut. Tolerances and surface finish in laser cutting and machining are outstanding. Our modern laser cutters have positioning accuracies in the neighborhood of 10 micrometers and repeatabilities of 5 micrometers. Standard roughnesses Rz increase with the sheet thickness, but decreases with laser power and cutting speed. The laser cutting and machining processes are capable of achieving close tolerances, often to within 0.001 inch (0.025 mm) Part geometry and the mechanical features of our machines are optimized to achieve best tolerance capabilities. Surface finishes we can obtain from laser beam cutting may range between 0.003 mm to 0.006 mm. Generally we easily achieve holes with 0.025 mm diameter, and holes as small as 0.005 mm and hole depth-to-diameter ratios of 50 to 1 have been produced in various materials. Our simplest and most standard laser cutters will cut carbon steel metal from 0.020–0.5 inch (0.51–13 mm) in thickness and can easily be up to thirty times faster than standard sawing. Laser-beam machining is used widely for drilling and cutting of metals, nonmetals and composite materials. Advantages of laser cutting over mechanical cutting include easier workholding, cleanliness and reduced contamination of the workpiece (since there is no cutting edge as in traditional milling or turning which can become contaminated by the material or contaminate the material, i.e. bue build-up). The abrasive nature of composite materials may make them difficult to machine by conventional methods but easy by laser machining. Because the laser beam does not wear during the process, precision obtained may be better. Because laser systems have a small heat-affected zone, there is also a lesser chance of warping the material that is being cut. For some materials laser cutting can be the only option. Laser-beam cutting processes are flexible, and fiber optic beam delivery, simple fixturing, short set-up times, availability of three dimensional CNC systems make it possible for laser cutting and machining to compete successfully with other sheet metal fabrication processes such as punching. This being said, laser technology can sometimes be combined with the mechanical fabrication technologies for improved overall efficiency. Laser cutting of sheet metals has the advantages over plasma cutting of being more precise and using less energy, however, most industrial lasers cannot cut through the greater metal thickness that plasma can. Lasers operating at higher powers such as 6000 Watts are approaching plasma machines in their ability to cut through thick materials. However the capital cost of these 6000 Watt laser cutters is much higher than that of plasma cutting machines capable of cutting thick materials like steel plate. There are also disadvantages of laser cutting and machining. Laser cutting involves high power consumption. Industrial laser efficiencies may range from 5% to 15%. The power consumption and efficiency of any particular laser will vary depending on output power and operating parameters. This will depend on type of laser and how well the laser matches the work at hand. Amount of laser cutting power required for a particular task depends on the material type, thickness, process (reactive/inert) used and the desired cutting rate. The maximum production rate in laser cutting and machining is limited by a number of factors including laser power, process type (whether reactive or inert), material properties and thickness. In LASER ABLATION we remove material from a solid surface by irradiating it with a laser beam. At low laser flux, the material is heated by the absorbed laser energy and evaporates or sublimates. At high laser flux, the material is typically converted to a plasma. High power lasers clean a large spot with a single pulse. Lower power lasers use many small pulses which may be scanned across an area. In laser ablation we remove material with a pulsed laser or with a continuous wave laser beam if the laser intensity is high enough. Pulsed lasers can drill extremely small, deep holes through very hard materials. Very short laser pulses remove material so quickly that the surrounding material absorbs very little heat, therefore laser drilling can be done on delicate or heat-sensitive materials. Laser energy can be selectively absorbed by coatings, therefore CO2 and Nd:YAG pulsed lasers can be used to clean surfaces, remove paint and coating, or prepare surfaces for painting without damaging the underlying surface. We use LASER ENGRAVING and LASER MARKING to engrave or mark an object. These two techniques are in fact the most widely used applications. No inks are used, nor does it involve tool bits which contact the engraved surface and wear out which is the case with traditional mechanical engraving and marking methods. Materials specially designed for laser engraving and marking include laser-sensitive polymers and special new metal alloys. Although laser marking and engraving equipment is relatively more expensive compared to alternatives such as punches, pins, styli, etching stamps….etc., they have become more popular due to their accuracy, reproducibility, flexibility, ease of automation and on-line application in a wide variety of manufacturing environments. Finally, we use laser beams for several other manufacturing operations: - LASER WELDING - LASER HEAT TREATING: Small-scale heat treating of metals and ceramics to modify their surface mechanical and tribological properties. - LASER SURFACE TREATMENT / MODIFICATION: Lasers are used to clean surfaces, introduce functional groups, modify surfaces in an effort to improve adhesion prior to coating deposition or joining processes. CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

Ultrasonic Machining, Ultrasonic Impact Grinding, Rotary Ultrasonic Machining, Non-Conventional Machining, Custom Manufacturing - AGS-TECH Inc. New Mexico, USA Ultrasonic Machining & Rotary Ultrasonic Machining & Ultrasonic Impact Grinding Another popular NON-CONVENTIONAL MACHINING technique we frequently use is ULTRASONIC MACHINING (UM), also widely known as ULTRASONIC IMPACT GRINDING, where material is removed from a workpiece surface by microchipping and erosion with abrasive particles using a vibrating tool oscillating at ultrasonic frequencies, aided by an abrasive slurry that flows freely between the workpiece and the tool. It differs from most other conventional machining operations because very little heat is produced. The tip of the ultrasonic machining tool is called a “sonotrode” which vibrates at amplitudes of 0.05 to 0.125 mm and frequencies around 20 kHz. The vibrations of the tip transmit high velocities to fine abrasive grains between the tool and the surface of the workpiece. The tool never contacts the workpiece and therefore the grinding pressure is rarely more than 2 pounds. This working principle makes this operation perfect for machining extremely hard and brittle materials, such as glass, sapphire, ruby, diamond, and ceramics. The abrasive grains are located within a water slurry with a concentration between 20 to 60% by volume. The slurry also acts as the carrier of the debris away from the cutting / machining region. We use as abrasive grains mostly boron carbide, aluminum oxide and silicon carbide with grain sizes ranging from 100 for roughing processes to 1000 for our finishing processes. The ultrasonic-machining (UM) technique is best suited for hard and brittle materials like ceramics and glass, carbides, precious stones, hardened steels. The surface finish of ultrasonic machining depends upon the hardness of the workpiece/tool and the average diameter of the abrasive grains used. The tool tip is generally a low-carbon steel, nickel and soft steels attached to a transducer through the toolholder. The ultrasonic-machining process utilizes the plastic deformation of metal for the tool and the brittleness of the workpiece. The tool vibrates and pushes down on the abrasive slurry containing grains until the grains impact the brittle workpiece. During this operation, the workpiece is broken down while the tool bends very slightly. Using fine abrasives, we can achieve dimensional tolerances of 0.0125 mm and even better with ultrasonic-machining (UM). Machining time depends upon the frequency at which the tool is vibrating, the grain size and hardness, and the viscosity of the slurry fluid. The less viscous the slurry fluid, the faster it can carry away used abrasive. Grain size must be equal or greater than the hardness of the workpiece. As an example we can machine multiple aligned holes 0.4 mm in diameter on a 1.2 mm wide glass strip with ultrasonic machining. Let us get a little bit into the physics of the ultrasonic machining process. Microchipping in ultrasonic machining is possible thanks to the high stresses produced by particles striking the solid surface. Contact times between particles and surfaces are very short and in the order of 10 to 100 microseconds. The contact time can be expressed as: to = 5r/Co x (Co/v) exp 1/5 Here r is the radius of the spherical particle, Co is the elastic wave velocity in the workpiece (Co = sqroot E/d) and v is the velocity that the particle hits the surface with. The force a particle exerts on the surface is obtained from the rate of change of momentum: F = d(mv)/dt Here m is the grain mass. The average force of the particles (grains) hitting and rebounding from the surface is: Favg = 2mv / to Here to is the contact time. When numbers are plugged into this expression, we see that even though the parts are very small, since the contact area is also very small, the forces and thus the stresses exerted are significantly high to cause microchipping and erosion. ROTARY ULTRASONIC MACHINING (RUM): This method is a variation of ultrasonic machining, where we replace the abrasive slurry with a tool that has metal-bonded diamond abrasives that have been either impregnated or electroplated on the tool surface. The tool is rotated and ultrasonically vibrated. We press the workpiece at constant pressure against the rotating and vibrating tool. The rotary ultrasonic machining process gives us capabilities such as producing deep holes in hard materials at high material removal rates. Since we deploy a number of conventional and non-conventional manufacturing techniques, we can be of help to you whenever you have questions about a particular product and the fastest and most economical way of manufacturing & fabricating it. CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

Pneumatic and Hydraulic Actuators - Accumulators - AGS-TECH Inc. - NM Actuators Accumulators AGS-TECH is a leading manufacturer and supplier of PNEUMATIC and HYDRAULIC ACTUATORS for assembly, packaging, robotics, and industrial automation. Our actuators are known for performance, flexibility, and extremely long life, and welcome the challenge of many different types of operating environments. We also supply HYDRAULIC ACCUMULATORS which are devices in which potential energy is stored in the form of a compressed gas or spring, or by a raised weight to be used to exert a force against a relatively incompressible fluid. Our fast delivery of pneumatic and hydraulic actuators and accumulators will reduce your inventory costs and keep your production schedule on track. ACTUATORS: An actuator is a type of motor responsible for moving or controlling a mechanism or system. Actuators are operated by a source of energy. Hydraulic actuators are operated by hydraulic fluid pressure, and pneumatic actuators are operated by pneumatic pressure, and convert that energy into motion. Actuators are mechanisms by which a control system acts upon an environment. The control system may be a fixed mechanical or electronic system, a software-based system, a person, or any other input. Hydraulic actuators consist of cylinder or fluid motor that uses hydraulic power to facilitate mechanical operation. The mechanical motion may give an output in terms of linear, rotary or oscillatory motion. Since liquids are nearly impossible to compress, hydraulic actuators can exert considerable forces. Hydraulic actuators may have however limited acceleration. The actuator’s hydraulic cylinder consists of a hollow cylindrical tube along which a piston can slide. In single acting hydraulic actuators the fluid pressure is applied to just one side of the piston. The piston can move in only one direction, and a spring is generally used to give the piston a return stroke. Double acting actuators are used when pressure is applied on each side of the piston; any difference in pressure between the two sides of the piston moves the piston to one side or the other. Pneumatic actuators convert energy formed by vacuum or compressed air at high pressure into either linear or rotary motion. Pneumatic actuators enable large forces to be produced from relatively small pressure changes. These forces are often used with valves to move diaphragms to affect the flow of liquid through the valve. Pneumatic energy is desirable because it can respond quickly in starting and stopping as the power source does not need to be stored in reserve for operation. Industrial applications of actuators include automation, logic and sequence control, holding fixtures, and high-power motion control. Automotive applications of actuators on the other hand include power steering, power brakes, hydraulic brakes, and ventilation controls. Aerospace applications of actuators include flight-control systems, steering-control systems, air conditioning, and brake-control systems. COMPARING PNEUMATIC and HYDRAULIC ACTUATORS: Pneumatic linear actuators consist of a piston inside a hollow cylinder. Pressure from an external compressor or manual pump moves the piston inside the cylinder. As pressure is increased, the actuator’s cylinder moves along the axis of the piston, creating a linear force. The piston returns to its original position by either a spring-back force or fluid being supplied to the other side of the piston. Hydraulic linear actuators function similar to pneumatic actuators, but an incompressible liquid from a pump rather than pressurized air moves the cylinder. The benefits of pneumatic actuators come from their simplicity. The majority of pneumatic aluminum actuators have a maximum pressure rating of 150 psi with bore sizes ranging from 1/2 to 8 in., which can be converted into approximately 30 to 7,500 lb. of force. Steel pneumatic actuators on the other hand have a maximum pressure rating of 250 psi with bore sizes ranging from 1/2 to 14 in., and generate forces ranging from 50 to 38,465 lb. Pneumatic actuators generate precise linear motion by providing accuracies such as 0.1 inches and repeatabilities within .001 inches. Typical applications of pneumatic actuators are areas of extreme temperatures such as -40 F to 250 F. Using air, pneumatic actuators avoid using hazardous materials. Pneumatic actuators meet explosion protection and machine safety requirements because they create no magnetic interference due to their lack of motors. The cost of pneumatic actuators is low compared to hydraulic actuators. Pneumatic actuators are also lightweight, require minimal maintenance, and have durable components. On the other hand there are disadvantages of pneumatic actuators: Pressure losses and air’s compressibility make pneumatics less efficient than other linear-motion methods. Operations at lower pressures will have lower forces and slower speeds. A compressor must run continuously and apply pressure even if nothing is moving. To be efficient, pneumatic actuators must be sized for a specific job and cannot be used for other applications. Accurate control and efficiency requires proportional regulators and valves, which is costly and complex. Even though the air is easily available, it can be contaminated by oil or lubrication, leading to downtime and maintenance. Compressed air is a consumable that needs to be purchased. Hydraulic actuators on the other hand are rugged and suited for high-force applications. They can produce forces 25 times greater than pneumatic actuators of equal size and operate with pressures of up to 4,000 psi. Hydraulic motors have high horsepower-to-weight ratios by 1 to 2 hp/lb greater than a pneumatic motor. Hydraulic actuators can hold force and torque constant without the pump supplying more fluid or pressure, because fluids are incompressible. Hydraulic actuators can have their pumps and motors located a considerable distance away with still minimal power losses. However hydraulics will leak fluid and result in less efficiency. Hydraulic fluid leaks lead to cleanliness problems and potential damage to surrounding components and areas. Hydraulic actuators require many companion parts, such as fluid reservoirs, motors, pumps, release valves, and heat exchangers, noise-reduction equipment. As a result hydraulic linear motion systems are large and difficult to accommodate. ACCUMULATORS: These are used in fluid power systems to accumulate energy and to smooth out pulsations. Hydraulic system that utilize accumulators can use smaller fluid pumps because accumulators store energy from the pump during low demand periods. This energy is available for instantaneous use, released upon demand at a rate many times greater than could be supplied by the pump alone. Accumulators can also act as surge or pulsation absorbers by cushioning hydraulic hammers, reducing shocks caused by rapid operation or sudden starting and stopping of power cylinders in a hydraulic circuit. There are four major types of accumulators: 1.) The weight loaded piston type accumulators, 2.) Diaphragm type accumulators, 3.) Spring type accumulators and the 4.) Hydropneumatic piston type accumulators. The weight loaded type is much larger and heavier for its capacity than modern piston and bladder types. Both the weight loaded type, and mechanical spring type are very seldom used today. The hydro-pneumatic type accumulators use a gas as a spring cushion in conjunction with a hydraulic fluid, the gas and fluid being separated by a thin diaphragm or a piston. Accumulators have the following functions: -Energy Storage -Absorbing Pulsations -Cushioning Operating Shocks -Supplementing Pump Delivery -Maintaining Pressure -Acting as Dispensers Hydro-pneumatic accumulators incorporate a gas in conjunction with a hydraulic fluid. The fluid has little dynamic power storage capability. However, the relative incompressibility of a hydraulic fluid makes it ideal for fluid power systems and provides quick response to power demand. The gas, on the other hand, a partner to the hydraulic fluid in the accumulator, can be compressed to high pressures and low volumes. Potential energy is stored in the compressed gas to be released when needed. In the piston type accumulators the energy in the compressed gas exerts pressure against the piston separating the gas and the hydraulic fluid. The piston in turn forces the fluid from the cylinder into the system and to the location where useful work needs to be accomplished. In most fluid power applications, pumps are used to generate the required power to be used or stored in a hydraulic system, and pumps deliver this power in a pulsating flow. The piston pump, as commonly used for higher pressures produces pulsations detrimental to a high pressure system. An accumulator properly located in the system will substantially cushion these pressure variations. In many fluid power applications the driven member of the hydraulic system stops suddenly, creating a pressure wave which is sent back through the system. This shock wave can develop peak pressures several times greater than normal working pressures and can be the source of system failure or disturbing noise. The gas cushioning effect in an accumulator will minimize these shock waves. An example of this application is the absorption of shock caused by suddenly stopping the loading bucket on a hydraulic front end loader. An accumulator, capable of storing power, can supplement the fluid pump in delivering power to the system. The pump stores potential energy in the accumulator during idle periods of the work cycle, and the accumulator transfers this reserve power back to the system when the cycle requires emergency or peak power. This enables a system to utilize smaller pumps, resulting in cost and power savings. Pressure changes are observed in hydraulic systems when the liquid is subjected to rising or falling temperatures. Also, there may be pressure drops due to leakage of hydraulic fluids. Accumulators compensate for such pressure changes by delivering or receiving a small amount of hydraulic liquid. In the event the main power source should fail or be stopped, accumulators would act as auxiliary power sources, maintaining pressure in the system. Lastly, accumulators mcan be used to dispense fluids under pressure, such as lubricating oils. Please click on highlighted text below to download our product brochures for actuators and accumulators: - Pneumatic Cylinders - YC Series Hydraulic Cyclinder - Accumulators from AGS-TECH Inc CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

Computer Chassis - Racks - Shelves - 19 inch Rack - 23 inch Rack - Computer and Instrument Case Manufacturing - AGS-TECH Inc. - New Mexico - USA Chassis,Racks,Mounts for Industrial Computers We offer you the most durable and reliable INDUSTRIAL COMPUTER CHASSIS, RACKS, MOUNTS, RACK MOUNT INSTRUMENTS and RACK MOUNTED SYSTEMS, SUBRACK, SHELF, 19 INCH & 23 INCH RACKS, FULL SİZE and HALF RACKS, OPEN and CLOSED RACK, MOUNTING HARDWARE, STRUCTURAL AND SUPPORT COMPONENTS, RAILS and SLIDES, TWO andFOUR POST RACKS that meet international and industry standards. Besides our off-the-shelf products, we are capable to build you any specially tailored chassis, racks and mounts. Some of the brand names we have in stock are BELKIN, HEWLETT PACKARD, KENDALL HOWARD, GREAT LAKES, APC, RITTAL, LIEBERT, RALOY, SHARK RACK, UPSITE TECHNOLOGIES. Here are brochures and catalogs of some industrial computer chassis, racks. Simply click on the respective blue text to download them: - Catalog for Vandal-Proof IP65/IP67/IP68 Keyboards, Keypads, Pointing Devices, ATM Pinpads, Medical & Military Keyboards and other similar Rugged Computer Peripherals - DFI-ITOX brand Industrial Chassis - 01 Series Instrument Case System-I from AGS-Electronics - 05 Series Instrument Case System-V from AGS-Electronics - 06 Series Plug-in Chassis from AGS-Electronics To choose a suitable Industrial Grade Chassis, Rack or Mount please go to our industrial computer store by CLICKING HERE. Dowload brochure for our DESIGN PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM Here is some key terminology that should be useful for reference purposes: A RACK UNIT or U (less commonly referred to as RU) is a unit of measure used to describe the height of equipment intended for mounting into a 19-inch rack or a 23-inch rack (The 19-inch or 23-inch dimension refers to the width of the equipment mounting frame in the rack i.e. the width of the equipment that can be mounted inside the rack). One rack unit is 1.75 inches (44.45 mm) high. The size of a piece of rack-mounted equipment is frequently described as a number in ''U''. For example, one rack unit is often referred to as ''1U'', 2 rack units as ''2U'' and so on. A typical full size rack is 44U, which means it holds just over 6 feet of equipment. In computing and information technology, however, half-rack typically describes a unit that is 1U high and half the depth of a 4-post rack (such as a network switch, router, KVM switch, or server), such that two units can be mounted in 1U of space (one mounted at the front of the rack and one at the rear). When used to describe the rack enclosure itself, the term half-rack typically means a rack enclosure that is 24U tall. A front panel or filler panel in a rack is not an exact multiple of 1.75 inches (44.45 mm). To allow space between adjacent rack-mounted components, a panel is 1⁄32 inch (0.031 inch or 0.79 mm) less in height than the full number of rack units would imply. Thus, a 1U front panel would be 1.719 inches (43.66 mm) high. A 19-inch rack is a standardized frame or enclosure for mounting multiple equipment modules. Each module has a front panel that is 19 inches (482.6 mm) wide, including edges or ears that protrude on each side which allow the module to be fastened to the rack frame with screws. Equipment designed to be placed in a rack is typically described as rack-mount, rack-mount instrument, a rack mounted system, a rack mount chassis, subrack, rack mountable, or occasionally simply shelf. A 23-inch rack is used for housing telephone (primarily), computer, audio and other equipment though is less common than the 19-inch rack. The size notes the width of the faceplate for the installed equipment. The rack unit is a measure of vertical spacing and is common to both the 19 and 23-inch (580 mm) racks. Hole spacing is either on 1-inch (25 mm) centres (Western Electric standard), or the same as for 19-inch (480 mm) racks (0.625 inches / 15.9 millimetres spacing). CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

Fiber Optic Components - Splicing Enclosures - FTTH Node - Fiber Distribution Box - Optical Platform - CATV Products - Telecommunication Optics - AGS-TECH Inc. Fiber Optic Products We supply: • Fiber optic connectors, adapters, terminators, pigtails, patchcords, connector faceplates, shelves, communication racks, fiber distribution box, splicing enclosure, FTTH node, optical platform, fiber optic taps, splitters-combiners, fixed and variable optical attenuators, optical switch, DWDM, MUX/DEMUX, EDFA, Raman amplifiers and other amplifiers, isolator, circulator, gain flattener, custom fiberoptic assembly for telecommunication systems, optical waveguide devices, CATV products • Lasers and photodetectors, PSD (Position Sensitive Detectors), quadcells • Fiber optic assemblies for industrial applications (illumination, light delivery or inspection of pipe interiors, crevices, cavities, body interiors....). • Fiberoptic assemblies for medical applications (see our site http://www.agsmedical.com for medical endoscopes and couplers). Among the products our engineers have developed is a super slim 0.6 mm diameter flexible video endoscope, and a fiber end inspection interferometer. The interferometer was developed by our engineers for in-process and final inspection in manufacturing of fiber connectors. We use special bonding and attachment techniques and materials for rigid, reliable and long life assemblies. Even under extensive environmental cycling such as high temperature/low temperature; high humidity/low humidity our assemblies remain intact and keep working. Download our catalog for passive fiber optic components Download our catalog for active fiber optic products Download our catalog for free space optical components and assemblies Private Label Medical Endoscopes and Visualization Systems (We can put your company name and logo on these) CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

Industrial Workstations - Industrial Computer - Micro Computers - AGS-TECH Inc. - NM - USA Industrial Workstations & Micro Computers A WORKSTATION is a high-end MICROCOMPUTER designed and used for technical or scientific applications. The intention is that they are used by one person at a time, and are commonly connected to a local area network (LAN) and run multi-user operating systems. The term workstation has also been used by many to refer to a mainframe computer terminal or a PC connected to a network. In the past, workstations had offered higher performance than desktop computers, especially with respect to CPU and graphics, memory capacity and multitasking capability. Workstations are optimized for the visualization and manipulation of different types of complex data such as 3D mechanical design, engineering simulation (such as computational fluid dynamics), animation and rendering of images, mathematical plots…etc. Consoles consist at least of a high resolution display, a keyboard and a mouse, but may also offer multiple displays, graphics tablets, 3D mice (devices for manipulation and navigation of 3D objects and scenes), etc. Workstations are the first segment of the computer market to present advanced accessories and collaboration tools. Catalog for Vandal-Proof IP65/IP67/IP68 Keyboards, Keypads, Pointing Devices, ATM Pinpads, Medical & Military Keyboards and other similar Rugged Computer Peripherals To choose a suitable Industrial Workstation for your project, please go to our industrial computer store by CLICKING HERE. We offer both off-the-shelf as well as CUSTOM DESIGNED AND MANUFACTURED INDUSTRIAL WORKSTATIONS for industrial use. For mission critical applications we design and manufacture your industrial workstations according to your specific needs. We discuss your needs and requirements and provide you feedback and design proposals prior to building your computer system. We select one of a variety of rugged enclosures and determine the right computing horsepower that meets your needs. Industrial workstations can be supplied with active and passive PCI Bus backplanes that can be configured to support your ISA cards. Our spectrum covers from small 2 – 4 slot benchtop systems up to 2U, 4U or higher rackmount systems. We offer NEMA / IP RATED FULLY ENCLOSEDworkstations. Our industrial workstations outperform similar competitors systems in terms of the quality standards they meet, reliability, durability, long term use and are used in a variety of industries including the military, navy, marine, petroleum & gas, industrial processing, medical, pharmaceutical, transportation and logistics, semiconductor manufacturing. They are designed to be used in a wide variety of environmental conditions and industrial applications that require additional protection from dirt, dust, rain, sprayed water and other circumstances where corrosive materials such as salt water or caustic substances can be present. Our heavy-duty, ruggedly-built LCD computers and workstations are an ideal and dependable solution for use in poultry, fish or beef processing facilities where total wash-down with disinfectants occurs repeatedly, or in petrochemical refineries and offshore drilling platforms for oil & natural gas. Our NEMA 4X (IP66) models are gasket sealed and constructed from 316 stainless steel. Each system is engineered and assembled according to a completely sealed design using top quality 316 stainless steel for the outer enclosure and high-tech components inside each rugged PC. They come equipped with industrial grade bright TFT displays and resistive analog industrial touch-screens. Here we list some of the features of our popular industrial workstations: - Water and dust proof, corrosion resistant. Integrated with water proof keyboards - Rugged enclosed workstation, rugged motherboards - NEMA 4 (IP65) or NEMA 4X (IP66) environmental protection - Flexibility and options in mounting. Mounting types such as pedestal, bulkhead…etc. - Direct or KVM cabling to host - Powered by Intel Dual-Core or Atom processors - SATA fast access disk drive or solid state media - Windows or Linux operating systems - Expandability - Extended operational temperatures - Depending on customer preferences, input connectors can be located on the bottom, side or rear. - Models available in 15.0”, 17” & 19.0” - Superior sunlight readability - Integrated purge system for C1D1 applications as well as non-purged C1D2 designs - UL, CE, FC, RoHS, MET compliances Dowload brochure for our DESIGN PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

Holography - Holographic Glass Grating - AGS-TECH Inc. - New Mexico - USA Holographic Products and Systems Manufacturing We supply of-the-shelf stock as well as custom designed and manufactured HOLOGRAPHY PRODUCTS, including: • 180, 270, 360 Degree Hologram Displays/ Holography Based Visual Projection • Self - adhesive 360 Degree Hologram Displays • 3D Window Film for Display Advertising • Full HD Hologram Showcase & Holographic Display 3D Pyramid For Holography Advertising • 3D Holographic Display Holocube For Holography Advertising • 3D Holographic Projection System • 3D Mesh Screen Holographic Screen • Rear Projection Film / Front Projection Film (by roll) • Interactive Touch Display • Curved Projection Screen: Curved Projection Screen is a customized product made-to-order for each customer. We manufacture curved screens, screens for active and passive 3D simulator screens and simulation displays. • Holographic optical products such as temper proof security and product authenticity stickers (custom print accoording to customer request) • Holographic Glass Gratings for ornamental or illustrative & educational applications. To find out about our engineering & research & development capabilities we invite you to visit our engineering site http://www.ags-engineering.com CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

Industrial Computer Accessories, PCI, Peripheral Component Interconnect, Multichannel Analog & Digital Input Output Modules, Relay Module, Printer Interface Accessories, Modules, Carrier Boards for Industrial Computers A PERIPHERAL DEVICE is one attached to a host computer, but not part of it, and is more or less dependent on the host. It expands the host's capabilities, but does not form part of the core computer architecture. Examples are computer printers, image scanners, tape drives, microphones, loudspeakers, webcams, and digital cameras. Peripheral devices connect to the system unit through the ports on the computer. CONVENTIONAL PCI (PCI stands for PERIPHERAL COMPONENT INTERCONNECT, part of the PCI Local Bus standard) is a computer bus for attaching hardware devices in a computer. These devices can take either the form of an integrated circuit fitted onto the motherboard itself, called a planar device in the PCI specification, or an expansion card that fits into a slot. We carry name brands such as JANZ TEC, DFI-ITOX and KORENIX. Click on blue highlighted text to download brochure or catalog: - Catalog for Vandal-Proof IP65/IP67/IP68 Keyboards, Keypads, Pointing Devices, ATM Pinpads, Medical & Military Keyboards and other similar Rugged Computer Peripherals - DFI-ITOX brand Industrial Computer Peripherals - DFI-ITOX brand Graphics Cards - DFI-ITOX brand Industrial Motherboards brochure - DFI-ITOX brand embedded single board computers brochure - DFI-ITOX brand computer-on-board modules brochure - DFI-ITOX brand Embedded OS Services - ICP DAS brand industrial communication and networking products brochure - ICP DAS brand PACs Embedded Controllers & DAQ brochure - ICP DAS brand Industrial Touch Pad brochure - ICP DAS brand Remote IO Modules and IO Expansion Units brochure - ICP DAS brand PCI Boards and IO Cards - JANZ TEC brand compact product brochure - KORENIX brand compact product brochure - Private Label Flash Storage for Embedded Industrial Applications (We can put your name, logo, brand on these.............) To choose a suitable component or accessory for your projects. please go to our industrial computer store by CLICKING HERE. Dowload brochure for our DESIGN PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM Some of the components and accessories we offer for industrial computers are: - Multichannel analog and digital input output modules : We offer hundreds of different 1-, 2-, 4-, 8-, 16-channel function modules. They do have compact size and this small size makes these systems easy to use in confined places. Up to 16 channels can be accommodated in a 12mm (0.47in) wide module. Connections are pluggable, secure and strong, making replacing easy for the operators while the spring pressure technology assures continuous operation even under severe environmental conditions such as shock/vibration, temperature cycling….etc. Our multichannel analog and digital input output modules are highly flexible that each node in the I/O system can be configured to meet each channel’s requirements, digital and analog I/O and others can be easily combined. They are easy to handle, the modular rail-mounted module design allows easy and tool-free handling and modifications. Using colored markers the functionality of individual I/O modules is identified, terminal assignment and technical data are printed onto the side of the module. Our modular systems are fieldbus-independent. - Multichannel relay modules : A relay is a switch controlled by an electric current. Relays make it possible for a low voltage low current circuit to switch a high voltage / high current device safely. As an example, we can use a battery powered small light detector circuit to control large mains powered lights using a relay. Relay boards or modules are commercial circuit boards fitted with relays, LED indicators, back EMF preventing diodes and practical screw-in terminal connections for voltage inputs, NC, NO, COM connections on the relay at the least. Multiple poles on them make it possible to switch multiple devices on or off simultaneously. Most industrial projects require more than one relay. Therefore multi-channel or also known as multiple relay boards are offered. They can have anywhere from 2 to 16 relays on the same circuit board. Relay boards can also be computer controlled directly by USB or serial connection. Relay boards connected to LAN or internet connected PC, we can control relays remotely from far away distances using special software. - Printer interface: A printer interface is a combination of hardware and software that allows the printer to communicate with a computer. The hardware interface is called port and each printer has at least one interface. An interface incorporates several components including its communication type and the interface software. There are eight major communication types: 1. Serial : Through serial connections computers send one bit of information at a time, one after another. Communication parameters such as parity, baud should be set on both entities before communication takes place. 2. Parallel : Parallel communication is more popular with printers because it is faster compared to serial communication. Using parallel type communication, printers receive eight bits at a time over eight separate wires. Parallel uses a DB25 connection on the computer side and an oddly shaped 36 pin connection on the printer side. 3. Universal Serial Bus (popularly referred to as USB) : They can transfer data fast with a transfer rate of up to 12 Mbps and automatically recognize new devices. 4. Network : Also commonly referred to as Ethernet, network connections are commonplace on network laser printers. Other types of printers also employ this type of connection. These printers have a Network Interface Card (NIC) and ROM-based software that allows them to communicate with networks, servers and workstations. 5. Infrared : Infrared transmissions are wireless transmissions that use infrared radiation of the electromagnetic spectrum. An Infrared acceptor allows your devices (laptops, PDA’s, Cameras, etc) connect to the printer and send print commands through infrared signals. 6. Small Computer System Interface (known as SCSI) : Laser printers and some others use SCSI interfaces to PC as there is the benefit of daisy chaining wherein multiple devices could be on a single SCSI connection. Its implementation is easy. 7. IEEE 1394 Firewire : Firewire is a high speed connection widely used for digital video editing and other high bandwidth requirements. This interface currently supports devices with a maximum throughput of 800 Mbps and capable of speeds up to 3.2 Gbps. 8. Wireless : Wireless is the currently popular technology like infrared and bluetooth. The information is transmitted wirelessly through the air using radio waves and is received by the device. Bluetooth is used to replace the cables between computers and its peripherals and they usually work over small distances of about 10 meters. Out of these above communication types scanners mostly use USB, Parallel, SCSI, IEEE 1394/FireWire. - Incremental Encoder Module : Incremental encoders are used in positioning and motor speed feedback applications. Incremental encoders provide excellent speed and distance feedback. As few sensors are involved, the incremental encoder systems are simple and economical. An incremental encoder is limited by only providing change information and therefore the encoder requires a reference device to calculate motion. Our incremental encoder modules are versatile and customizable to fit a variety of applications such as heavy duty applications as is the case in pulp & paper, steel industries; industrial duty applications such as textile, food, beverage industries and light duty/servo applications such as robotics, electronics, semiconductor industry. - Full-CAN Controller For MODULbus Sockets : The Controller Area Network, abbreviated as CAN was introduced to address the growing complexity of vehicle functions and networks. In the first embedded systems, modules contained a single MCU, performing a single or multiple simple functions such as reading a sensor level via an ADC and controlling a DC motor. As functions became more complex, designers adopted distributed module architectures, implementing functions in multiple MCUs on the same PCB. According to this example, a complex module would have the main MCU performing all system functions, diagnostics, and failsafe, while another MCU would handle a BLDC motor control function. This was made possible with the wide availability of general purpose MCUs at a low cost. In today’s vehicles, as functions become distributed within a vehicle rather than a module, the need for a high fault tolerance, inter module communication protocol led to the design and introduction of CAN in the automotive market. Full CAN Controller provides an extensive implementation of message filtering, as well as message parsing in the hardware, thus releasing the CPU from the task of having to respond to every received message. Full CAN controllers can be configured to interrupt the CPU only when messages whose Identifiers have been setup as acceptance filters in the controller. Full CAN controllers are also setup with multiple message objects referred to as mailboxes, which can store specific message information such as ID and data bytes received for the CPU to retrieve. The CPU in this case would retrieve the message any time, however, must complete the task prior to an update of that same message is received and overwrites the current content of the mailbox. This scenario is resolved in the final type of CAN controllers. Extended Full CAN controllers provide an additional level of hardware implemented functionality, by providing a hardware FIFO for received messages. Such an implementation allows more than one instance of the same message to be stored before the CPU is interrupted therefore preventing any information loss for high frequency messages, or even allowing the CPU to focus on the main module function for a longer period of time. Our Full-CAN Controller for MODULbus Sockets offers the following features: Intel 82527 Full CAN controller, Supports CAN protocol V 2.0 A and A 2.0 B, ISO/DIS 11898-2, 9-pin D-SUB connector, Options Isolated CAN interface, Supported Operating Systems are Windows, Windows CE, Linux, QNX, VxWorks. - Intelligent CAN Controller For MODULbus Sockets : We offer our clients local intelligence with MC68332, 256 kB SRAM / 16 bit wide, 64 kB DPRAM / 16 bit wide, 512 kB flash, ISO/DIS 11898-2, 9-pin D-SUB connector, ICANOS firmware on-board, MODULbus+ compatible, options such as isolated CAN interface, CANopen available, operating systems supported are Windows, Windows CE, Linux, QNX, VxWorks. - Intelligent MC68332 Based VMEbus Computer : VMEbus standing for VersaModular Eurocard bus is a computer data path or bus system that is used in industrial, commercial and military applications worldwide. VMEbus is used in traffic control systems, weapons control systems, telecommunication systems, robotics, data acquisition, video imaging...etc. VMEbus systems withstand shock, vibration and extended temperatures better than the standard bus systems used in desktop computers. This makes them ideal for harsh environments. Double euro-card from factor (6U) , A32/24/16:D16/08 VMEbus master; A24:D16/08 slave interface, 3 MODULbus I/O sockets, front-panel and P2 connection of MODULbus I/O lines, programmable MC68332 MCU with 21 MHz, on-board system controller with first slot detection, interrupt handler IRQ 1 – 5, interrupt generator any 1 of 7, 1 MB SRAM main memory, up to 1 MB EPROM, up to1 MB FLASH EPROM, 256 kB dual-ported battery buffered SRAM, battery buffered realtime clock with 2 kB SRAM, RS232 serial port , periodic interrupt timer (internal to MC68332), watchdog timer (internal to MC68332), DC/DC converter to supply analog modules. Options are 4 MB SRAM main memory. Supported operating system is VxWorks. - Intelligent PLC Link Concept (3964R) : A programmable logic controller or briefly PLC is a digital computer used for automation of industrial electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines and amusement rides or light fixtures. PLC Link is a protocol to share easily memory area between two PLC’s. The big advantage of PLC Link is to work with PLC’s as Remote I/O units. Our Intelligent PLC Link Concept offers communication procedure 3964®, a messaging interface between host and firmware through software driver, applications on the host to communicate with another station on the seriel line connection, serial data communication according to 3964® protocol, availability of software drivers for various operating systems. - Intelligent Profibus DP Slave Interface : ProfiBus is a messaging format specifically designed for high-speed serial I/O in factory and building automation applications. ProfiBus is an open standard and is recognized as the fastest FieldBus in operation today, based on RS485 and the European EN50170 Electrical Specification. The DP suffix refers to ''Decentralized Periphery'', which is used to describe distributed I/O devices connected via a fast serial data link with a central controller. To the contrary, a programmable logic controller, or PLC described above normally has its input/output channels arranged centrally. By introducing a network bus between the main controller (master) and its I/O channels (slaves), we have decentralized the I/O. A ProfiBus system uses a bus master to poll slave devices distributed in multi-drop fashion on an RS485 serial bus. A ProfiBus slave is any peripheral device (such as an I/O transducer, valve, network drive, or other measuring device) which processes information and sends its output to the master. The slave is a passively operating station on the network since it does not have bus access rights and can only acknowledge received messages, or send response messages to the master upon request. It is important to note that all ProfiBus slaves have the same priority, and that all network communication originates from the master. To summarize: A ProfiBus DP is an open standard based on EN 50170, it is the fastest Fieldbus standard to date with data rates up to 12 Mb, offers plug and play operation, enables up to 244 bytes of input/output data per message, up to 126 stations may connect to the bus and up to 32 stations per bus segment. Our Intelligent Profibus DP Slave Interface Janz Tec VMOD-PROFoffers all functions for motor controlling of DC servo motors, programmable digital PID filter, velocity, target position and filter parameters that are changeable during motion, quadrature encoder interface with pulse input, programmable host interrupts, 12 bit D/A converter, 32 bit position, velocity and acceleration registers. It support Windows, Windows CE, Linux, QNX and VxWorks operating systems. - MODULbus Carrier Board for 3 U VMEbus Systems : This system offers 3 U VMEbus non-intelligent carrier board for MODULbus, single euro-card form factor (3 U), A24/16:D16/08 VMEbus slave interface, 1 socket for MODULbus I/O, jumper selectable interrupt level 1 – 7 and vector-interrupt, short-I/O or standard-addressing, needs only one VME-slot, supports MODULbus+identification mechanism, front panel connector of I/O signals (provided by modules). Options are DC/DC converter for analog module power supply. Supported operating systems are Linux, QNX, VxWorks. - MODULbus Carrier Board For 6 U VMEbus Systems : This system offers 6U VMEbus non-intelligent carrier board for MODULbus, double euro-card, A24/D16 VMEbus slave interface, 4 plug-in sockets for MODULbus I/O, different vector from each MODULbus I/O, 2 kB short-I/O or standard-address range, needs only one VME-slot, front panel and P2 connection of I/O lines. Options are DC/DC converter to supply analog modules power. Supported operating systems are Linux, QNX, VxWorks. - MODULbus Carrier Board For PCI Systems : Our MOD-PCI carrier boards offer non-intelligent PCI with two MODULbus+ sockets, extended height short form factor, 32 bit PCI 2.2 target interface (PLX 9030), 3.3V / 5V PCI interface, only one PCI-bus slot occupied, front panel connector of MODULbus socket 0 available at PCI bus bracket. On the other hand, our MOD-PCI4 boards have non-Intelligent PCI-bus carrier board with four MODULbus+ sockets, extended height long form factor, 32 bit PCI 2.1 target interface (PLX 9052), 5V PCI interface, only one PCI slot occupied, front panel connector of MODULbus socket 0 available at ISAbus bracket, I/O connector of MODULbus socket 1 available on 16-pin flat cable connector at ISA bracket. - Motor Controller For DC Servo Motors : Mechanical systems manufacturers, power & energy equipment producers, transportation & traffic equipment producers and service companies, automotive, medical and many other areas can use our equipment with peace of mind, because we offer robust, reliable and scalable hardware for their drive technology. The modular design of our motor controllers enables us to offer solutions based on emPC systems that are highly flexible and ready to be adapted to customer’s requirements. We are able to design interfaces that are economical and suitable for applications ranging from simple single axis to multiple synchronized axes. Our modular and compact emPCs can be complemented with our scalable emVIEW displays (currently from 6.5” to 19”) for a broad spectrum of applications ranging from simple control systems to integral operator interface systems. Our emPC systems are available in different performance classes and sizes. They have no fans and work with compact-flash media. Our emCONTROL soft PLC environment can be used as a fully fledged, real-time control system enabling both simple as well as complex DRIVE ENGINEERING tasks to be accomplished. We also customize our emPC to meet your specific requirements. - Serial Interface Module : A Serial Interface Module is a device that creates an addressable zone input for a conventional detection device. It offers a connection to an addressable bus, and a supervised zone input. When the zone input is open, the module sends status data to the control panel indicating the open position. When the zone input is shorted, the module sends status data to the control panel, indicating the shorted condition. When the zone input is normal, the module sends data to the control panel, indicating the normal condition. Users see status and alarms from the sensor at the local keypad. The control panel can also send a message to the monitoring station. The serial interface module can be used in alarm systems, building control and energy management systems. Serial interface modules provide important advantages reducing installation labor by its special designs, by providing an addressable zone input, reducing the overall cost of the entire system. Cabling is minimal because the module’s data cable need not be individually routed to the control panel. The cable is an addressable bus that allows connection to many devices before cabling and connecting to the control panel for processing. It saves current, and minimizes the need for additional power supplies because of its low current requirements. - VMEbus Prototyping Board : Our VDEV-IO boards offer double Eurocard form factor (6U) with VMEbus interface, A24/16:D16 VMEbus slave interface, full interruption capabilities, pre-decoding of 8 address ranges, vector register, large matrix field with surrounding track for GND/Vcc, 8 user definable LEDs at the front panel. CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

AGS-TECH offers off-shelf and custom manufactured tanks and containers of various sizes. We supply wire mesh cage containers, stainless, aluminum and metal tanks and containers, IBC tanks, plastic and polymer containers, fiberglass tanks, collapsible tanks. Tanks and Containers We supply chemical, powder, liquid and gas storage containers and tanks made from inert polymers, stainless steel....etc. We have foldable, rolling containers, stackable containers, collapsible containers, containers with other useful functionalities finding applications in many industries such as construction, food, pharmaceuticals, chemical, petrochemical....etc. Tell us about your application and we will recommend you the most suitable container. Large volume stainless steel or other material containers are custom made to order and according to your specifications. Smaller containers are generally available off-the-shelf and also custom manufactured if your quantities justify. If quantities are significant, we can blow or rotation mould plastic containers & tanks according to your specifications. Here are the main types of our tanks and containers: Wire Mesh Cage Containers We have a variety of Wire Mesh Cage Containers in stock and can also custom manufacture them according to your specifications and needs. Our Wire Mesh Cage Containers include products such as: Stackable Cage Pallets Foldable Wire Mesh Roll Containers Foldable Wire Mesh Containers All our wire mesh cage containers are made of highest quality stainless or mild steel materials and the non-stainless versions are coated against corrosion and decay generally using zinc, hot dip or powder coating. Color of finish is generally zinc: white or yellow; or powder coated according to your request. Our wire mesh cage containers are assembled under strict quality control procedures and tested for mechanical impact, weight carrying capacity, durability, strength and long term reliability. Our wire mesh cage containers conform to international quality standards as well as US and international transportation industry standards. Wire mesh cage containers are generally used as storage boxes & bins, storage carts, transportation carts..etc. When choosing a wire mesh cage container, please consider important parameters such as loading capacity, weight of the container itself, dimensions of the grid, exterior and interior dimensions, whether you need a container that folds flat for space-saving shipping and storage, and please also consider how many of a particular container can be loaded in a 20 foot or 40 foot shipping container. The bottom line is wire mesh cage containers are long lasting, economical and environmentally friendly alternative to disposable packaging. Below are downloadable brochures of our wire mesh container products. - Wire Mesh Container Quote Design Form (please click to download, fill out and email us) Stainless and Metal Tanks & Containers Our stainless and other metal tanks and containers are ideal for storing creams and fluids. They are ideal for the cosmetics, pharmaceutical and food & beverage industries and others. They comply with European, American and international guidelines. Our stainless and metal tanks are easy to clean. These containers have steady basis and can be sanitized with no retention area. We can fit our stainless and metal tanks and containers with all types of accessories, such as integration of a washing head. Our containers are pressurizable. They are easily adaptable to your plant and workplace. Working pressures of our containers vary, so make sure to compare the specifications to your needs. Our aluminum containers and tanks are also very popular in the industry. Some models are mobile with wheels, others are stackable. We have powder, granules and pellets storage tanks that are UN approved for transportation of hazardous products. We are capable to custom design and fabricate stainless and metal tanks according to your needs and specifications. Inner and outer dimensions, wall thicknesses of our stainless and metal tanks & containers can be varied according to your requirements. Stainless and Aluminum Tanks & Containers Stackable Tanks and Containers Wheeled Tanks and Containers IBC & GRV Tanks Powder, Granules and Pellets Storage Tanks Custom Designed and Fabricated Tanks and Containers Please click links below to download our brochures for Stainless and Metal Tanks & Containers: IBC Tanks and Containers Plastic and Polymer Tanks & Containers AGS-TECH supplies tanks & containers from a vast variety of plastic and polymer materials. We encourage you to contact us with your request and specify the following so we can quote you the most appropriate product. - Application - Material grade - Dimensions - Finish - Packaging requirements - Quantity For example FDA approved food grade plastic materials are important for some containers storing beverages, grains, fruit juice....etc. On the other hand, if you need plastic and polymer tanks and containers to store chemicals or pharmaceuticals, the inertness of the plastic material against the content is of utmost importance. Contact us for our opinion on materials. You can also order off-shelf plastic and polymer tanks & containers from our brochures below. Please click on the links below to download our brochures for plastic and polymer tanks and containers: IBC Tanks and Containers Fiberglass Tanks & Containers We offer tanks & containers made of fiberglass materials. Our fiberglass tanks and containers meet US & internationally accepted standards for storage tank construction. Fiberglass tanks & containers are fabricated with contact molded laminates conforming to ASTM 4097 and filament wound laminates conforming to ASTM 3299. Special resins used in fiberglass tanks fabrication are chosen based upon customer information regarding concentration, temperature, and corrosive behavior of the product being stored. FDA approved as well as fire retardant resins are available for special applications. We encourage you to contact us with your request and specify the following so we can quote you the most appropriate fiberglass tank and container. - Application - Material expectations & specifications - Dimensions - Finish - Packaging requirements - Quantity needed We will happily give you our opinion. You can also order off-shelf fiberglass tanks & containers from our brochures below. If none of the fiberglass tanks and containers in our off-shelf portfolio satisfies you, please let us know and we can consider custom manufacturing according to your needs. Collapsible Tanks & Containers Collapsible water tanks and containers are your best choice to store liquid in applications where plastic barrels and other containers are too small or impractical. Also when you need large amounts of water or liquid quickly without constructing a concrete or metal tank, our collapsible tanks and containers are ideal. As the name implies, collapsible tanks and containers, are collapsible, meaning that you can shrink them after use, roll and make them very compact and small in volume, easy to store and transport when empty. They are reusable. We can supply you any size and model and according to your specifications. General Features of our Collapsible Tanks and Containers: - Color: Blue, orange, grey, dark green, black,.....etc. - Material: PVC - Capacity: Generally between 200 to 30000 liters - Light weight, easy operation. - Minimum packing size, easy for transportation and storage. - No contamination of water - High strength of coated fabric, adhesion up to 60 lb/in. - High strength of the seams is assured with the high frequency melt and sealed with the same polyurethane as the tank body, so the tanks have excellent ability preventing air leakage and its very safe for water. Applications for Collapsible Tanks and Containers: · Temporary Storage · Rainwater Collection · Residential and Public Storage of Water · Defense Water Storage Applications · Water Treatment · Emergency Storage and Relief · Irrigation · Construction companies choose PVC water tanks to test bridge maximum load · Fire fighting We also accept OEM orders. Custom labeling, packaging and logo printing is available. 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Electron Beam Machining, EBM, E-Beam Machining & Cutting & Boring, Custom Manufacturing of Parts - AGS-TECH Inc. - NM - USA EBM Machining & Electron Beam Machining In ELECTRON-BEAM MACHINING (EBM) we have high-velocity electrons concentrated into a narrow beam which are directed toward the work piece, creating heat and vaporizing the material. Thus EBM is a kind of HIGH-ENERGY-BEAM MACHINING technique. Electron-Beam Machining (EBM) can be used for very accurate cutting or boring of a variety of metals. Surface finish is better and kerf width is narrower in comparison to other thermal-cutting processes. The electron beams in EBM-Machining equipment are generated in an electron beam gun. The applications of Electron-Beam Machining are similar to those of Laser-Beam Machining, except that EBM requires a good vacuum. Thus these two processes are classified as electro-optical-thermal processes. The workpiece to be machined with EBM process is located under the electron beam and is kept under vacuum. The electron beam guns in our EBM machines are also provided with illumination systems and telescopes for alignment of the beam with the workpiece. Workpiece is mounted on a CNC table so that holes of any shape can be machined using the CNC control and beam deflection functionality of the gun. To achieve the fast evaporation of the material, the planar density of the power in the beam must be as high as possible. Values up to 10exp7 W/mm2 can be achieved at the spot of impact. The electrons transfer their kinetic energy into heat in a very small area, and the material impacted by the beam is evaporated in a very short time. The molten material at the top of the front, is expelled from the cutting zone by the high vapor pressure at the lower parts. EBM equipment is built similarly to electron beam welding machines. Electron-beam machines usually utilize voltages in the range of 50 to 200 kV to accelerate electrons to about 50 to 80% of the speed of light (200,000 km/s). Magnetic lenses whose function is based on Lorentz forces are used to focus the electron beam to the surface of the workpiece. With the help of a computer, the electromagnetic deflection system positions the beam as needed so holes of any shape can be drilled. In other words, the magnetic lenses in Electron-Beam-Machining equipment shape the beam and reduce the divergence. Apertures on the other hand allow only the convergent electrons to pass and capture the divergent low energy electrons from the fringes. The aperture and the magnetic lenses in EBM-Machines thus improve the quality of the electron beam. The gun in EBM is used in pulsed mode. Holes can be drilled in thin sheets using a single pulse. However for thicker plates, multiple pulses would be needed. Switching pulse durations of as low as 50 microseconds to as long as 15 miliseconds are generally used. To minimize electron collisions with air molecules resulting in scattering and keep contamination to a minimum, vacuum is used in EBM. Vacuum is difficult and expensive to produce. Especially obtaining good vacuum within large volumes and chambers is very demanding. Therefore EBM is best suited for small parts that fit into reasonably sized compact vacuum chambers. The level of vacuum within the EBM’s gun is in the order of 10EXP(-4) to 10EXP(-6) Torr. The interaction of the electron beam with the work piece produces X-rays which pose health hazard, and therefore well trained personnel should operate EBM equipment. Generally speaking, EBM-Machining is used for cutting holes as small as 0.001 inch (0.025 millimetre) in diameter and slots as narrow as 0.001 inch in materials up to 0.250 inch (6.25 millimetres) thick. Characteristic length is the diameter over which the beam is active. Electron beam in EBM may have a characteristic length of tens of microns to mm depending on degree of focusing of the beam. Generally, the high-energy focused electron beam is made to impinge on the workpiece with a spot size of 10 – 100 microns. EBM can provide holes of diameters in the range of 100 microns to 2 mm with a depth up to 15 mm, i.e., with a depth/diameter ratio of around 10. In case of defocused electron beams, power densities would drop as low as 1 Watt/mm2. However in case of focused beams the power densities could be increased to tens of kW/mm2. As a comparison, laser beams can be focused over a spot size of 10 – 100 microns with a power density as high as 1 MW/mm2. Electrical discharge typically provides the highest power densities with smaller spot sizes. Beam current is directly related to the number of electrons available in the beam. Beam current in Electron-Beam-Machining can be as low as 200 microamperes to 1 ampere. Increasing the EBM’s beam current and/or pulse duration directly increases the energy per pulse. We use high-energy pulses in excess of 100 J/pulse to machine larger holes on thicker plates. Under normal conditions, EBM-machining offers us the advantage of burr-free products. The process parameters directly affecting the machining characteristics in Electron-Beam-Machining are: • Acceleration voltage • Beam current • Pulse duration • Energy per pulse • Power per pulse • Lens current • Spot size • Power density Some fancy structures can also be obtained using Electron-Beam-Machining. Holes can be tapered along the depth or barrel shaped. By focusing the beam below the surface, reverse tapers can be obtained. A wide range of materials like steel, stainless steel, titanium and nickel super-alloys, aluminum, plastics, ceramics can be machined using e-beam-machining. There could be thermal damages associated with EBM. However, the heat-affected zone is narrow due to short pulse durations in EBM. The heat-affected zones are generally around 20 to 30 microns. Some materials such as aluminum and titanium alloys are more readily machined compared to steel. Furthermore EBM-machining does not involve cutting forces on the work pieces. This enables machining of fragile and brittle materials by EBM without any significant clamping or attaching as is the case in mechanical machining techniques. Holes can also be drilled at very shallow angles like 20 to 30 degrees. The advantages of Electron-Beam-Machining: EBM provides very high drilling rates when small holes with high aspect ratio are drilled. EBM can machine almost any material regardless of its mechanical properties. No mechanical cutting forces are involved, thus work clamping, holding and fixturing costs are ignorable, and fragile/brittle materials can be processed without problems. Heat affected zones in EBM are small because of shorte pulses. EBM is able of providing any shape of holes with accuracy by using electromagnetic coils to deflect electron beams and the CNC table. The disadvantages of Electron-Beam-Machining: Equipment is expensive and operating and maintaining vacuum systems requires specialized technicians. EBM requires significant vacuum pump down periods for attaining required low pressures. Even though heat affected zone is small in EBM, the recast layer formation occurs frequently. Our many years of experience and know-how helps us to take advantage of this valuable equipment in our manufacturing environment. CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

Industrial leather products including honing and sharpening belts, leather transmission belts, sewing machine leather treadle belt, leather tool organizers and holders, leather gun holsters, leather steering wheel covers and more. Industrial Leather Products Industrial leather products manufactured include: - Leather Honing and Sharpening Belts - Leather Transmission Belts - Sewing Machine Leather Treadle Belt - Leather Tool Organizers & Holders - Leather Gun Holsters Leather is a natural product with outstanding properties that make it a good fit for many applications. Industrial leather belts are used in power transmissions, as sewing machine leather treadle belts as well as fastening, securing, honing and sharpening of metal blades among many others. Besides our off-shelf industrial leather belts listed in our brochures, endless belts and special lengths / widths can also be produced for you. Applications of industrial leather includes Flat Leather Belting for power transmission and Round Leather Belting for Industrial Sewing Machines. Industrial leather is one of the oldest types of manufactured products. Our Vegetable Tanned Industrial leathers are pit tanned for many months and heavily dressed with a mixture of oils and greased to give its ultimate strength. Our Chrome Industrial Leathers can be manufactured in various ways, waxed, oiled or dry for moulding. We offer a chrome-retanned leather manufactured to withstand very high temperatures and they can be used for hydraulic applications and packings. Our Chrome Friction leathers are designed to have extraordinary abrasion properties. Various Shore Hardnesses are available. Many other applications of industrial leather products exist, including wearable tool organizers, tool holders, leather threads, steering wheel covers...etc. We are here to help you in your projects. A blueprint, a sketch, a photo or sample can serve to make us understand your product needs. We can either manufacture the industrial leather product according to your design, or we can help you in your design work and once you approve the final design, we can manufacture the product for you. Since we supply a wide variety of industrial leather products with different dimensions, applications and material grade; it is impossible to list them all here. We encourage you to email or call us so we can determine which product is the best fit for you. When contacting us, please make sure to inform us about: - Your application for the industrial leather products - Material grade desired & needed - Dimensions - Finish - Packaging requirements - Labeling requirements - Quantity PREVIOUS PAGE

Fiber Optic Test Instruments - Optical Fiber Testing - OTDR - Loss Meter - Fiber Cleaver - from AGS-TECH Inc. - NM - USA Fiber Optic Test Instruments AGS-TECH Inc. offers the following FIBER OPTIC TEST and METROLOGY INSTRUMENTS : - OPTICAL FIBER SPLICER & FUSION SPLICER & FIBER CLEAVER - OTDR & OPTICAL TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETER - AUDIO FIBER CABLE DETECTOR - AUDIO FIBER CABLE DETECTOR - OPTICAL POWER METER - LASER SOURCE - VISUAL FAULT LOCATOR - PON POWER METER - FIBER IDENTIFIER - OPTICAL LOSS TESTER - OPTICAL TALK SET - OPTICAL VARIABLE ATTENUATOR - INSERTION / RETURN LOSS TESTER - E1 BER TESTER - FTTH TOOLS You can download our product catalogs and brochures below to choose a suitable fiber optic test equipment for your needs or you may tell us what you need and we will match something suitable for you. We do have in stock brand new as well as refurbished or used but still very good fiber optic instruments. All our equipment is under warranty. Please download our related brochures and catalogs by clicking the colored text below: ANRITSU Electronic Measuring Instruments EXFO Optical Testing Solutions for Manufacturing and R&D EXFO Data Center Solution Guide EXFO Remote Fiber Testing and Monitoring EXFO Test Solutions for Submarine Networks EXFO Quick Guide to Testing FTTH EXFO Fiber Deep and Remote PHY Test Solutions EXFO OTDR and iOLM Selection Guide EXFO Spectral Testing of Active Systems EXFO Network Equipment Manufacturers End-to End Solutions EXFO Expert-Level Field Test Solutions EXFO Mobile Backhaul End to End Network Assessment EXFO High-Speed Product Portfolio EXFO 40G Testing Solutions TRIBRER Handheld Optical Fiber Instruments and Tools You can purchase brand new, refurbished or used equipment from us at the most competitive discounted prices. Simply choose the product from the downloadable catalogs and let us know the product name, product code and relevant information and we will send you our best quote. What distinguishes AGS-TECH Inc. from other suppliers is our wide spectrum of ENGINEERING INTEGRATION and CUSTOM MANUFACTURING capabilities. Therefore, please let us know if you need a custom jig, a custom automation system designed specifically for your fiber optic testing needs. We can modify existing equipment or integrate various components to build a turn-key solution to your engineering needs. It will be our pleasure to briefly summarize and provide information about the main concepts in the realm of FIBER OPTIC TESTING. FIBER STRIPPING & CLEAVING & SPLICING : There are two major types of splicing, FUSION SPLICING and MECHANICAL SPLICING. In industry and high volume manufacturing, fusion splicing is the most widely used technique as it provides for the lowest loss and least reflectance, as well as providing the strongest and most reliable fiber joints. Fusion splicing machines can splice a single fiber or a ribbon of multiple fibers at one time. Most single mode splices are fusion type. Mechanical splicing on the other hand is mostly used for temporary restoration and mostly for multimode splicing. Fusion splicing requires higher capital expenses as compared to mechanical splicing because it requires a fusion splicer. Consistent low loss splices can only be achieved using proper techniques and keeping equipment in good condition. Cleanliness is vital. FIBER STRIPPERS should be kept clean and in good condition and be replaced when nicked or worn. FIBER CLEAVERS are also vital for good splices as one has to have good cleaves on both fibers. Fusion splicers need proper maintenance and fusing parameters need to be set for the fibers being spliced. OTDR & OPTICAL TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETER : This instrument is used to test the performance of new fiber optic links and detect problems with existing fiber links. OTDR traces are graphical signatures of a fiber's attenuation along its length. The optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) injects an optical pulse into one end of the fiber and analyzes the returning backscattered and reflected signal. A technician at one end of the fiber span can measure and localize attenuation, event loss, reflectance, and optical return loss. Examining non-uniformities in the OTDR trace we can evaluate the performance of the link components such as cables, connectors and splices as well as the quality of the installation. Such fiber tests assure us that the workmanship and quality of the installation meet the design and warranty specifications. OTDR traces help characterize individual events that can often be invisible when conducting only loss/length testing. Only with a complete fiber certification, installers can fully understand the quality of a fiber installation. OTDRs are also used for testing and maintaining fiber plant performance. OTDR allows us to see more details impacted by the cabling installation. OTDR maps the cabling and can illustrate termination quality, location of faults. An OTDR provides advanced diagnostics to isolate a point of failure that may hinder network performance. OTDRs allow discovery of problems or potential problems along the length of a channel that may affect long term reliability. OTDRs characterize features such as attenuation uniformity and attenuation rate, segment length, location and insertion loss of connectors and splices, and other events such as sharp bends that may have been incurred during installation of cables. An OTDR detects, locates, and measures events on fiber links and requires access to only one end of the fiber. Here is a summary of what a typical OTDR can measure: Attenuation (also known as fiber loss): Expressed in dB or dB/km, attenuation represents the loss or the rate of loss between two points along the fiber span. Event Loss: The difference in the optical power level before and after an event, expressed in dB. Reflectance: The ratio of reflected power to incident power of an event, expressed as a negative dB value. Optical Return Loss (ORL): The ratio of the reflected power to the incident power from a fiber optic link or system, expressed as a positive dB value. OPTICAL POWER METERS : These meters measure average optical power out of an optical fiber. Removable connector adapters are used in optical power meters so that various models of fiber optic connectors can be used. Semiconductor detectors inside power meters have sensitivities that vary with the wavelength of light. Therefore they are calibrated at typical fiber optic wavelengths such as 850, 1300 and 1550 nm. Plastic Optical Fiber or POF meters on the other hand are calibrated at 650 and 850 nm. Power meters are sometimes calibrated to read in dB (Decibel) referenced to one miliwatt of optical power. Some power meters however are calibrated in relative dB scale, which is well suited for loss measurements because the reference value may be set to “0 dB” on the output of the test source. Rare but occasionally lab meters measure in linear units such as miliwatts, nanowatts….etc. Power meters cover a very broad dynamic range 60 dB. However most optical power and loss measurements are made in the range 0 dBm to (-50 dBm). Special power meters with higher power ranges of up to +20 dBm are used for testing fiber amplifiers and analog CATV systems. Such higher power levels are needed to assure the proper functioning of such commercial systems. Some laboratory type meters on the other hand can measure at very low power levels down to (-70 dBm) or even lower, because in research and development engineers frequently have to deal with weak signals. Continuous wave (CW) test sources are used frequently for loss measurements. Power meters measure the time average of the optical power instead of the peak power. Fiber optic power meters should be recalibrated frequently by labs with NIST traceable calibration systems. Regardless of price, all power meters have similar inaccuracies typically in the neighborhood of +/-5%. This uncertainty is caused by the variability in coupling efficiency at the adapters/connectors, reflections at polished connector ferrules, unknown source wavelengths, nonlinearities in electronic signal conditioning circuitry of the meters and detector noise at low signal levels. FIBER OPTIC TEST SOURCE / LASER SOURCE : An operator needs a test source as well as a FO power meter in order to make measurements of optical loss or attenuation in fibers, cables and connectors. The test source must be chosen for compatibility with the type of fiber in use and the wavelength desired for performing the test. Sources are either LED's or lasers similar to those used as transmitters in actual fiber optic systems. LED's are generally used for testing multimode fiber and lasers for singlemode fibers. For some tests such as measuring spectral attenuation of fiber, a variable wavelength source is used, which is usually a tungsten lamp with a monochromator to vary the output wavelength. OPTICAL LOSS TEST SETS : Sometimes also refered to as ATTENUATION METERS, these are instruments made of fiber optic power meters and sources which are used to measure the loss of fibers, connectors and connectorized cables. Some optical loss test sets have individual source outputs and meters like a separate power meter and test source, and have two wavelengths from one source output (MM: 850/1300 or SM:1310/1550) Some of them offer bidirectional testing on a single fiber and some have two bidirectional ports. The combination instrument which contains both a meter and a source may be less convenient than an individual source and power meter. This is the case when the ends of the fiber and cable are usually separated by long distances, which would require two optical loss test sets instead of one source and one meter. Some instruments also have a single port for bidirectional measurements. VISUAL FAULT LOCATOR : These are simple instruments that inject visible wavelength light into the system and one can visually trace the fiber from transmitter to receiver to insure correct orientation and continuity. Some visual fault locators have powerful visible light sources such as a HeNe laser or visible diode laser and therefore high loss points can be made visible. Most applications center around short cables such as used in telecommunication central offices to connect to the fiber optic trunk cables. Since the visual fault locator covers the range where OTDRs are not useful, it is complementary instrument to the OTDR in cable troubleshooting. Systems with powerful light sources will work on buffered fiber and jacketed single fiber cable if the jacket is not opaque to the visible light. The yellow jacket of singlemode fibers and orange jacket of multimode fibers will usually pass the visible light. With most multifiber cables this instrument cannot be used. Many cable breaks, macrobending losses caused by kinks in the fiber, bad splices….. can be detected visually with these instruments. These instruments have a short range, typically 3-5 km, due to high attenuation of visible wavelengths in fibers. FIBER IDENTIFIER : Fiber Optic technicians need to identify a fiber in a splice closure or at a patch panel. If one carefully bends a singlemode fiber enough to cause loss, the light that couples out can also be detected by a large area detector. This technique is used in fiber identifiers to detect a signal in the fiber at transmission wavelengths. A fiber identifier generally functions as a receiver, is able to discriminate between no signal, a high speed signal and a 2 kHz tone. By specifically looking for a 2 kHz signal from a test source that is coupled into the fiber, the instrument can identify a specific fiber in a large multifiber cable. This is essential in fast and speedy splicing and restoration processes. Fiber identifiers can be used with buffered fibers and jacketed single fiber cables. FIBER OPTIC TALKSET : Optical talk sets are useful for fiber installation and testing. They transmit voice over fiber optic cables that are installed and allow the technician splicing or testing the fiber to communicate effectively. Talksets are even more useful when walkie-talkies and telephones are not available in remote locations where splicing is being done and in buildings with thick walls where radio waves will not penetrate through. Talksets are most effectively used by setting up the talksets on one fiber and leaving them in operation while testing or splicing work is done. This way there will always be a communications link between the work crews and will facilitate deciding which fibers to work with next. The continuous communications capability will minimize misunderstandings, mistakes and will speed up the process. Talksets include those for networking multi-party communications, especially helpful in restorations, and system talksets for use as intercoms in installed systems. Combination testers and talksets are also available commercially. To this date, unfortunately different manufacturers' talksets can not communicate with each other. VARIABLE OPTICAL ATTENUATOR : Variable Optical Attenuators allow the technician to manually vary the attenuation of the signal in the fiber as it is transmitted through the device. VOAs can be used to balance the signal strengths in fiber circuits or to balance an optical signal when evaluating the dynamic range of the measurement system. Optical attenuators are commonly used in fiber optic communications to test power level margins by temporarily adding a calibrated amount of signal loss, or installed permanently to properly match transmitter and receiver levels. There are fixed, step-wise variable, and continuously variable VOAs commercially available. Variable optical test attenuators generally use a variable neutral density filter. This offers the advantages of being stable, wavelength insensitive, mode insensitive, and a large dynamic range. A VOA may be either manually or motor controlled. Motor control provides users a distinct productivity advantage, since commonly used test sequences can be run automatically. The most accurate variable attenuators have thousands of calibration points, resulting in excellent overall accuracy. INSERTION / RETURN LOSS TESTER : In fiber optics, Insertion Loss is the loss of signal power resulting from the insertion of a device in a transmission line or optical fiber and is usually expressed in decibels (dB). If the power transmitted to the load before insertion is PT and the power received by the load after insertion is PR, then the insertion loss in dB is given by: IL = 10 log10(PT/PR) Optical Return Loss is the ratio of the light reflected back from a device under test, Pout, to the light launched into that device, Pin, usually expressed as a negative number in dB. RL = 10 log10(Pout/Pin) Loss may be caused by reflections and scattering along the fiber network due to contributors such as dirty connectors, broken optical fibers, poor connector mating. Commercial optical return loss (RL) & insertion loss (IL) testers are high performance loss test stations that are designed specially for optical fibre testing, lab testing and passive components production. Some integrate three different tests modes in one test station, working as a stable laser source, optical power meter and a return loss meter. The RL and IL measurements are displayed on two separate LCD screens, whilst in return loss test model, the unit will automatically and synchronously set the same wavelength for the light source and power meter. These instruments come complete with FC, SC, ST and universal adaptors. E1 BER TESTER : Bit error rate (BER) tests allow technicians to test cables and diagnose signal problems in the field. One can configure individual T1 channel groups to run an independent BER test, set one local serial port to Bit error rate test (BERT) mode while the remaining local serial ports continue to transmit and receive normal traffic. The BER test checks communication between the local and the remote ports. When running a BER test, the system expects to receive the same pattern that it is transmitting. If traffic is not being transmitted or received, technicians create a back-to-back loopback BER test on the link or in the network, and send out a predictable stream to ensure that they receive the same data that was transmitted. To determine whether the remote serial port returns the BERT pattern unchanged, technicians must manually enable network loopback at the remote serial port while they configure a BERT pattern to be used in the test at specified time intervals on the local serial port. Later they can display and analyze the total number of error bits transmitted and the total number of bits received on the link. Error statistics can be retrieved anytime during the BER test. AGS-TECH Inc. offers E1 BER (Bit Error Rate) testers that are compact, multi-functional and handheld instruments, specially designed for R&D, production, installation and maintenance of SDH, PDH, PCM, and DATA protocol conversion. They feature self-check and keyboard testing, extensive error and alarm generation, detection and indication. Our testers provide smart menu navigation and have a large color LCD screen allowing test results to be displayed clearly. Test results can be downloaded and printed using product software included in the package. E1 BER Testers are ideal devices for fast problem resolution, E1 PCM line access, maintenance and acceptance testing. FTTH – FIBER TO THE HOME TOOLS : Among the tools we offer are single and multihole fiber strippers, fiber tubing cutter, wire stripper, Kevlar cutter, fiber cable slitter, single fiber protection sleeve, fiber microscope, fiber connector cleaner, connector heating oven, crimping tool, pen type fiber cutter, ribbon fiber buff stripper, FTTH tool bag, portable fiber optic polishing machine. If you haven't found something that fits your needs and would like to search further for other similar equipment, please visit our equipment website: http://www.sourceindustrialsupply.com CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE