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Transmission Components, Belts, Chains and Cable Drives, Conventional & Grooved or Serrated, Positive Drive, Pulleys Belts & Chains & Cable Drive Assembly AGS-TECH Inc. offers you power transmission components including Belts & Chains & Cable Drive Assembly. With years of refinement, our rubber, leather and other belt drives have become lighter and more compact, capable of carrying higher loads at lower cost. Similarly, our chain drives have gone through much development over time and they offer our customers several advantages. Some advantages of using chain drives are their relatively unrestricted shaft center distances, compactness, ease of assembly, elasticity in tension without slip or creep, ability to operate in high-temperature environments. Our cable drives also offer advantages such as simplicity in some applications over other types of transmission components. Both off-shelf belt, chain and cable drives as well as custom fabricated and assembled versions are available. We can manufacture these transmission components to the right size for your application and from the most suitable materials. BELTS & BELT DRIVES: - Conventional Flat Belts: These are plain flat belts without teeth, grooves or serrations. Flat belt drives offer flexibility, good shock absorption, efficient power transmission at high speeds, abrasion resistance, low cost. Belts can be spliced or connected to make larger belts. Other advantages of conventional flat belts are they are thin, they are not subject to high centrifugal loads (makes them good for high speed operations with small pulleys). On the other hand they impose high bearing loads because flat belts require high tension. Other disadvantages of flat belt drives can be slipping, noisy operation, and relatively lower efficiencies at low and moderate speeds of operation. We have two types of conventional belts: Reinforced and Non-Reinforced. Reinforced belts have a tensile member in their structure. Conventional flat belts are available as leather, rubberized fabric or cord, non-reinforced rubber or plastic, fabric, reinforced leather. Leather belts offer long life, flexibility, excellent coefficient of friction, easy repair. However leather belts are relatively expensive, need belt dressing and cleaning, and depending on the atmosphere they may shrink or stretch. Rubberized fabric or cord belts are resistant to moisture, acid and alkalis. Rubberized fabric belts are made up of plies of cotton or synthetic duck impregnated with rubber and are the most economical. Rubberized cord belts consist of a series of plies of rubber-impregnated cords. Rubberized cord belts offer high tensile strength and modest size and mass. Non-reinforced rubber or plastic belts are fit for light-duty, low-speed drive applications. Non-reinforced rubber and plastic belts can be stretched into place over their pulleys. Plastic non-reinforced belts can transmit higher power as compared to rubber belts. Reinforced leather belts consist of a plastic tensile member sandwiched between leather top and bottom layers. Finally, our fabric belts may consist of a single piece of cotton or duck folded and sewn with rows of longitudinal stitches. Fabric belts are able to track uniformly and operate at high speed. - Grooved or Serrated Belts (such as V-Belts): These are basic flat belts modified to provide the advantages of another type of transmission product. These are flat belts with a longitudinally ribbed underside. Poly-V belts are longitudinally grooved or serrated flat belt with tensile section and a series of adjacent V-shaped grooves for tracking and compression purposes. Power capacity depends on belt width. V-belt is the workhorse of industry and are available in a variety of standardized sizes and types for transmission of almost any load power. V-belt drives operate well between 1500 to 6000 ft/min, however narrow V-belts will operate up to 10,000 ft/min. V-belt drives offer long life such as 3 to 5 years and allow large speed ratios, they are easy to install and remove, offer quiet operation, low maintenance, good shock absorption between belt driver and driven shafts. V-belts disadvantage is their certain slip and creep and therefore they may not be the best solution where synchronous speeds are required. We have industrial, automotive and agricultural belts. Stocked standard lengths as well as custom lengths of belts are available. All standard V-belt cross sections are available from stock. There are tables where you can calculate unknown parameters such as belt length, belt section (width & thickness) provided you know some parameters of your system such as driving and driven pulley diameters, center distance between pulleys and rotational speeds of the pulleys. You may use such tables or ask us to choose the right V-belt for you. - Positive Drive Belts (Timing Belt): These belts are also flat type with a series of evenly spaced teeth on the inside circumference. Positive drive or timing belts combine the advantages of flat belts with the positive-grip characteristics of chains and gears. Positive drive belts reveal no slippage or speed variations. A wide range of speed ratios is possible. Bearing loads are low because they can operate at low tension. They are however more susceptible to misalignments in pulleys. - Pulleys, Sheaves, Hubs for Belts: Different types of pulleys are used with flat, ribbed (serrated) and positive drive belts. We do manufacture them all. Most of our flat belt pulleys are made by casting of iron, but steel versions are also available in various rim and hub combinations. Our flat-belt pulleys may have solid, spoked or split hubs or we can manufacture as you desire. Ribbed and positive-drive belts are available in a variety of stock sizes and widths. At least one pulley in timing-belt drives must be flanged to keep the belt on the drive. For long center drive systems, it is recommended to have both pulleys flanged. Sheaves are the grooved wheels of pulleys and are generally manufactured by iron casting, steel forming or plastic moulding. Steel forming is suitable process to manufacture automotive and agricultural sheaves. We produce sheaves with regular and deep grooves. Deep-groove sheaves are well suitable when V-belt enters the sheave at an angle, such as is the case in quarter-turn drives. Deep grooves are also well suited for vertical-shaft drives and applications where vibration of belts can be a problem. Our idler pulleys are grooved sheaves or flat pulleys that do not serve transmitting mechanical power. Idler pulleys are used mostly for tightening belts. - Single and Multiple Belt Drives: Single belt drives have a single groove whereas multiple belt drives have multiple grooves. By clicking the relevant colored text below you can download our catalogs: - Power Transmission Belts (includes V-Belts, Timing Belts, Raw Edge Belts, Wrapped Belts and Specialty Belts) - Conveyor Belts - V-Pulleys - Timing Pulleys CHAINS & CHAIN DRIVES: Our power transmission chains have some advantages such as relatively unrestricted shaft center distances, easy assembly, compactness, elasticity under tension without slip or creep, ability of operation under high temperatures. Here are the major types of our chains: - Detachable Chains: Our detachable chains are made in a range of sizes, pitch and ultimate strength and generally from malleable iron or steel. Malleable chains are made in a range of sizes from 0.902 (23 mm) to 4.063 inch (103 mm) pitch and ultimate strength from 700 to 17,000 lb/square inch. Our detachable steel chains on the other hand are made in sizes from 0.904 inch (23 mm) to about 3.00 inch (76 mm) in pitch, with ultimate strength from 760 to 5000 lb/square inch. - Pintle Chains: These chains are used for heavier loads and slightly higher speeds to about 450 feet/min (2.2 m/sec). Pintle chains are made of individual cast links having full, round barrel end with offset sidebars. These chain links are intercoupled with steel pins. These chains range in pitch from about 1.00 inch (25 mm) to 6.00 inch (150 mm) and ultimate strengths between 3600 to 30,000 lb/square inch. - Offset-Sidebar Chains: These are popular in drive chains of construction machinery. These chains work at speeds to 1000 ft/min and transmit loads to about 250 hp. Generally each link has two offset sidebars, one bushing, one roller, one pin, a cotter pin. - Roller Chains: They are available in pitches from 0.25 (6 mm) to 3.00 (75 mm) inch. The ultimate strength of single-width roller chains range between 925 to 130,000 lb/square inch. Multiple-width versions of roller chains are available and transmit greater power at higher speeds. Multiple-width roller chains also offer smoother action with reduced noise. Roller chains are assembled from roller links and pin links. Cotter pins are used in detachable version roller chains. The design of roller chain drives requires subject expertise. Whereas belt drives are based on linear speeds, chain drives are based on the rotational speed of the smaller sprocket, which is in most installations the driven member. Besides horsepower ratings and rotational speed, the design of chain drives is based on many other factors. - Double-Pitch Chains: Basically the same as roller chains except that the pitch is twice as long. - Inverted Tooth (Silent) Chains: High speed chains used mostly for prime mover, power-takeoff drives. Inverted tooth chain drives can transmit powers up to 1200 hp and are made up of a series of tooth links, alternately assembled with either pins or a combination of joint components. Center-guide chain has guide links to engage grooves in the sprocket, and the side-guide chain has guides to engage the sides of the sprocket. - Bead or Slider Chains: These chains are used for slow speed drives and also in manual operations. By clicking the relevant colored text below you can download our catalogs: - Driving Chains - Conveyor Chains - Large Pitch Conveyor Chains - Stainless Steel Roller Chains - Hoisting Chains - Motorcycle Chains - Agricultural Machine Chains - Sprockets: Our standard sprockets conform to ANSI standards. Plate sprockets are flat, hubless sprockets. Our small and medium-size hub sprockets are turned from bar stock or forgings or made by welding a bar-stock hub to a hot-rolled plate. AGS-TECH Inc. can supply sprockets machined from gray-iron castings, cast steel and welded hub constructions, sintered powder metal, molded or machined plastics. For smooth operation at high speeds, proper selection of size of sprockets is essential. Space limitations is of course a factor we cannot ignore when choosing a sprocket. It is recommended that the ratio of driver to driven sprockets should be no more than 6:1, and the chain wrap on the driver is 120 degrees. Center distances between the smaller and larger sprockets, chain lengths and chain tension must also be chosen according to some recommended engineering calculations & guidelines and not randomly. Download our catalogs by clicking colored text below: - Sprockets and Plate Wheels - Transmission Bushings - Chain Coupling - Chain Locks CABLE DRIVES: These have their advantages over belts and chain drives in some cases. Cable drives can accomplish the same function as belts and may also be simpler and more economic to implement in some applications. For example, a new series of Synchromesh Cable Drives are designed for positive traction to replace conventional ropes, simple cables and cog drives, especially in tight spaces. The new cable drive is designed to provide high precision positioning in electronic equipment such as copying machines, plotters, typewriters, printers,….. etc. A key feature of the new cable drive is its ability to be used in 3D serpentine configurations which enable extremely miniature designs. Synchromesh cables can be used with lower tension when compared with ropes thus reducing power consumption. Contact AGS-TECH for questions and opinion on belts, chain and cable drives. CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

AGS-TECH Inc. manufactures and supplies diamond tools, including CNC vacuum brazed tools, CNC sintered tools, diamond contour blade, diamond ring saw blade, diamond segments, segmented saw blade, continuous rim blades, turbo saw blades, brazed saw blades, laser welded saw blade, cup grinding wheels, diamond core drill. Diamond Tools Please click on the blue highlighted text on diamond tools of interest below to download related brochure. CNC Vacuum Brazed Tools CNC Sintered Tools Diamond Contour Blade Diamond Ring Saw Blade Diamond Segments Segmented Saw Blade Continuous Rim Blades Turbo Saw Blades Brazed Saw Blades Laser Welded Saw Blade Diamond Tuck Point Blade Cup Grinding Wheels Diamond Saw Blade Kit Diamond Core Drill Bits Diamond Fickert Diamond Blade with Holder Diamond Polishing Tools Diamond Mound Point Diamond Files Electroplated Saw Blade Resin Grinding Wheels PRICE: Depends on model and quantity of order. For pricing on special designs of diamond tools, please either provide us your technical blueprints or let us know your application and let us design the custom diamond tool for you. Since we carry a wide variety of diamond tools with different dimensions, applications and material; it is impossible to list them here. We encourage you to email or call us so we can determine which product is the best fit for you. When contacting us, please make sure to inform us about some vital details: - Application - Material grade - Dimensions - Finish - Packaging requirements - Labeling requirements - Quantity needed per order / per year Private Label Power Tool Accessories This brochure includes some diamong tools. We can private label these hand tools if you wish. In other words, we can put your company name, brand and label on them. This way you can promote your brand by reselling these to your customers. CLICK HERE to download our technical capabilities and reference guide for specialty cutting, drilling, grinding, forming, shaping, polishing tools used in medical, dental, precision instrumentation, metal stamping, die forming and other industrial applications. CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service Click Here to go to Cutting, Drilling, Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, Dicing and Shaping Tools Menu Ref. Code: OICASOSTAR

Custom Optics, Fiberoptic, Optoelectronic Optomechanical Manufacturing, Fiber Optic and Free Space Optical Assemblies, Solar Devices, Optic Connectors, Filters Custom Optical & Fiber Optics & Optoelectronic Assemblies Read More Optical Coatings & Filter Manufacturing Read More Optical Connectors & Interconnect Products Read More Fiber Optic Products Read More Customized Optomechanical Assemblies Read More Customized Camera Systems Manufacturing & Assembly Read More Passive Optical Components Manufacturing & Assembly Read More Active Optical Components Manufacturing & Assembly Read More Holographic Products and Systems Manufacturing Read More Manufacturing & Assembly of Optical Displays, Screen, Monitors Read More Manufacturing and Assembly of Customized Solar Energy Systems We focus our attention on CUSTOM OPTICS, FIBER OPTICS, OPTOMECHANICAL and OPTOELECTRONIC components, subassemblies and complete product assemblies. Our technical and business know-how enables us to choose the right components and assemble products according to your specifications. Custom manufacturing opportunities are endless. Describe us what your challenges are and let us design and manufacture optical & fiber optical products for you. Our products are manufactured in ISO9001:2000, QS9000, ISO14001, TS16949 certified environments, possess CE, UL mark or FDA approval (when needed) and meet other industry standards. Our telecommunication fiber optical products pass Telcordia standards. Our optical engineers have many years of experience working with Zemax and Code V optical design softwares. Their expertise covers free space optics, guided wave optics, optical devices and systems, design and development of multilayer optical coatings at different spectral regions. We not only supply products. Our company works on custom engineering contracts where we come to your site, evaluate your project on site and develop a project proposal custom tailored for you. We then send our experienced team to implement the project. Examples of contract work include installation of fiber optic detection system to detect any damages to your pipelines. We take small scale prototyping and new product development projects as well as large projects at industrial scale. If you are mostly interested in our engineering and research & development capabilities instead of manufacturing capabilities, then we invite you to visit our engineering site http://www.ags-engineering.com CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

Ultrasonic Machining, Ultrasonic Impact Grinding, Rotary Ultrasonic Machining, Non-Conventional Machining, Custom Manufacturing - AGS-TECH Inc. New Mexico, USA Ultrasonic Machining & Rotary Ultrasonic Machining & Ultrasonic Impact Grinding Another popular NON-CONVENTIONAL MACHINING technique we frequently use is ULTRASONIC MACHINING (UM), also widely known as ULTRASONIC IMPACT GRINDING, where material is removed from a workpiece surface by microchipping and erosion with abrasive particles using a vibrating tool oscillating at ultrasonic frequencies, aided by an abrasive slurry that flows freely between the workpiece and the tool. It differs from most other conventional machining operations because very little heat is produced. The tip of the ultrasonic machining tool is called a “sonotrode” which vibrates at amplitudes of 0.05 to 0.125 mm and frequencies around 20 kHz. The vibrations of the tip transmit high velocities to fine abrasive grains between the tool and the surface of the workpiece. The tool never contacts the workpiece and therefore the grinding pressure is rarely more than 2 pounds. This working principle makes this operation perfect for machining extremely hard and brittle materials, such as glass, sapphire, ruby, diamond, and ceramics. The abrasive grains are located within a water slurry with a concentration between 20 to 60% by volume. The slurry also acts as the carrier of the debris away from the cutting / machining region. We use as abrasive grains mostly boron carbide, aluminum oxide and silicon carbide with grain sizes ranging from 100 for roughing processes to 1000 for our finishing processes. The ultrasonic-machining (UM) technique is best suited for hard and brittle materials like ceramics and glass, carbides, precious stones, hardened steels. The surface finish of ultrasonic machining depends upon the hardness of the workpiece/tool and the average diameter of the abrasive grains used. The tool tip is generally a low-carbon steel, nickel and soft steels attached to a transducer through the toolholder. The ultrasonic-machining process utilizes the plastic deformation of metal for the tool and the brittleness of the workpiece. The tool vibrates and pushes down on the abrasive slurry containing grains until the grains impact the brittle workpiece. During this operation, the workpiece is broken down while the tool bends very slightly. Using fine abrasives, we can achieve dimensional tolerances of 0.0125 mm and even better with ultrasonic-machining (UM). Machining time depends upon the frequency at which the tool is vibrating, the grain size and hardness, and the viscosity of the slurry fluid. The less viscous the slurry fluid, the faster it can carry away used abrasive. Grain size must be equal or greater than the hardness of the workpiece. As an example we can machine multiple aligned holes 0.4 mm in diameter on a 1.2 mm wide glass strip with ultrasonic machining. Let us get a little bit into the physics of the ultrasonic machining process. Microchipping in ultrasonic machining is possible thanks to the high stresses produced by particles striking the solid surface. Contact times between particles and surfaces are very short and in the order of 10 to 100 microseconds. The contact time can be expressed as: to = 5r/Co x (Co/v) exp 1/5 Here r is the radius of the spherical particle, Co is the elastic wave velocity in the workpiece (Co = sqroot E/d) and v is the velocity that the particle hits the surface with. The force a particle exerts on the surface is obtained from the rate of change of momentum: F = d(mv)/dt Here m is the grain mass. The average force of the particles (grains) hitting and rebounding from the surface is: Favg = 2mv / to Here to is the contact time. When numbers are plugged into this expression, we see that even though the parts are very small, since the contact area is also very small, the forces and thus the stresses exerted are significantly high to cause microchipping and erosion. ROTARY ULTRASONIC MACHINING (RUM): This method is a variation of ultrasonic machining, where we replace the abrasive slurry with a tool that has metal-bonded diamond abrasives that have been either impregnated or electroplated on the tool surface. The tool is rotated and ultrasonically vibrated. We press the workpiece at constant pressure against the rotating and vibrating tool. The rotary ultrasonic machining process gives us capabilities such as producing deep holes in hard materials at high material removal rates. Since we deploy a number of conventional and non-conventional manufacturing techniques, we can be of help to you whenever you have questions about a particular product and the fastest and most economical way of manufacturing & fabricating it. CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

Solar Power Modules - Rigid - Flexible Panels - Thin Film - Monocrystalline - Polycrystalline - Solar Connector available from AGS-TECH Inc. Manufacturing and Assembly of Customized Solar Energy Systems We supply: • Solar power cells & panels, solar energy powered devices and custom assemblies for creating alternative energy. Solar power cells can be the best solution for stand-alone equipment located in remote areas by self powering your equipment or devices. The elimination of high maintenance due to battery replacement, elimination of the need for installing power cables to connect your equipment to main power lines can give a big marketing boost to your products. Think about it when you design stand alone equipment to be located in remote areas. In addition, solar power can save you money by reducing your dependence on electrical energy purchased. Remember, solar energy cells can be flexible or rigid. Promising research is ongoing on spray-on solar cells. The energy generated by solar devices is generally stored in batteries or used immediately after generation. We can supply you the solar cells, panels, solar batteries, inverters, solar energy connectors, cable assemblies, entire solar power kits for your projects. We can also help you during the design phase of your solar device. By choosing the right components, the right solar cell type and maybe using optical lenses, prisms...etc. we can maximize the amount of power generated by the solar cells. Maximizing solar power when available surfaces on your device is limited can be a challenge. We have the right expertise and optical design tools to achieve this. Dowload brochure for our DESIGN PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM Make sure to download our comprehensive electric & electronic components catalog for off-shelf products by CLICKING HERE . This catalogue does have products such as solar connectors, batteries, converters and more for your solar related projects. If you cannot find it there, contact us and we will send you information on what we have available. If you are mostly interested in our large scale domestic or utility scale renewable alternative energy products and systems including solar systems, then we invite you to visit our energy site http://www.ags-energy.com CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

Rapid Electronic Prototyping, Custom Robot Assembly, Optomechanical Prototype Manufacturing, AGS-TECH Electronic Prototyping Prototype electronic robot with near infrared detectors, rotation stage and tip tilt head Quick electronic prototyping Four layer PCB with RO4003C on top of layer immersion gold PCB prototyping for solar project Two Layer PCBA Prototype Design and Layout Optoelectronic prototype robot PCBA Prototyping Services Multilayer Board PCBA Prototyping Printed Circuit Board Assembly Prototyping Electronic Wire Harness Assembly Prototyping Custom Amplifier Prototyping Electronic Amplifier Prototyping PREVIOUS PAGE

Hardness Tester - Rockwell - Brinell - Vickers - Leeb - Microhardness - Universal - AGS-TECH Inc. - New Mexico - USA Hardness Testers AGS-TECH Inc. stocks a comprehensive range of hardness testers including ROCKWELL, BRINELL, VICKERS, LEEB, KNOOP, MICROHARDNESS TESTERS, UNIVERSAL HARDNESS TESTER, PORTABLE HARDNESS TESTING INSTRUMENTS, optical systems and software for measurement, data acquisition and analysis, test blocks, indenters, anvils and related accessories. Some of the brand name hardness testers we sell are BUEHLER, ELCOMETER, MITECH, SADT, SINOAGE, SINOWON ..... You can purchase brand new, refurbished or used equipment from us. Simply choose the product from the following catalogs and provide us the brand name and model of your choice: BUEHLER Hardness Testing Catalog ELCOMETER Inspection Equipment Catalog (does offer Physical Test Equipment , Concrete Inspection Equipment, Concrete Test Hammers , Hardness & Scratch Resistance Testers ) MITECH MH600 P ortable Hardness Tester MITECH Hardness Testers P roduct Comparison Table MITUTOYO Hardness Testing Machines SADT-SINOAGE B rand M etrology and T est E quipment Catalog SINOWON Rockwell Hardness Tester SINOWON Portable Ultrasonic Hardness Tester One of the most common tests for assessing the mechanical properties of materials is the hardness test. Hardness of a material is its resistance to permanent indentation. One may also say hardness is a material’s resistance to scratching and to wear. There are several techniques to measure the hardness of materials using various geometries and materials. The measurement results are not absolute, they are more of a relative comparative indicator, because the results depend on the shape of the indenter and the applied load. Our portable hardness testers can generally run any hardness test listed above. They can be configured for particular geometric features and materials such as hole interiors, gear teeth…etc. Let us briefly go over the various hardness test methods. BRINELL TEST : In this test, a steel or tungsten carbide ball with 10 mm diameter is pressed against a surface with a load of 500, 1500 or 3000 Kg force. Brinell hardness number is the ratio of the load to the curved area of indentation. A Brinell test leaves behind different types of impressions on the surface depending on the tested material’s condition. For example, on annealed materials a rounded profile is left behind whereas on cold-worked materials we observe a sharp profile. Tungsten carbide indenter balls are recommended for Brinell hardness numbers higher than 500. For harder workpiece materials a 1500 Kg or 3000 Kg load is recommended so that the impressions left behind are sufficiently large for accurate measurement. Because of the fact that impressions made by the same indenter at different loads are not geometrically similar, the Brinell hardness number depends on the load used. Therefore one should always note the load employed on the test results. Brinell test is well suited for materials between low to medium hardness. ROCKWELL TEST : In this test the depth of penetration is measured. The indenter is pressed on the surface initially with a minor load and then a major load. The difference in the penetration debth is a measure of hardness. Several Rockwell hardness scales exist employing different loads, indenter materials and geometries. The Rockwell hardness number is read directly from a dial on the testing machine. For example, if the hardness number is 55 using the C scale, it is written as 55 HRC. VICKERS TEST : Sometimes also referred to as the DIAMOND PYRAMID HARDNESS TEST, it uses a pyramid-shaped diamond indenter with loads ranging from 1 to 120 Kg. The Vickers hardness number is given by HV=1.854P / square L. The L here is the diagonal length of the diamond pyramid. The Vickers test gives basically the same hardness number regardless of the load. The Vickers test is suitable for testing materials with a wide range of hardness including very hard materials. KNOOP TEST : In this test, we use a diamond indenter in the shape of an elongated pyramid and loads between 25g to 5 Kg. The Knoop hardness number is given as HK=14.2P / square L. Here the letter L is the length of the elongated diagonal. The size of indentations in Knoop tests is relatively small, in the range of 0.01 to 0.10 mm. Due to this small number surface preparation for the material is very important. Test results should cite the load applied because the hardness number obtained depends on the applied load. Because light loads are used, the Knoop test is considered a MICROHARDNESS TEST. The Knoop test is therefore suitable for very small, thin specimens, brittle materials such as gemstones, glass and carbides, and even for measuring the hardness of individual grains in a metal. LEEB HARDNESS TEST : It is based on rebound technique measuring the Leeb hardness. It is an easy and industrially popular method. This portable method is mostly used for testing sufficiently large workpieces above 1 kg. An impact body with a hard metal test tip is propelled by spring force against the workpiece surface. When the impact body hits the workpiece, surface deformation takes place which will result in loss of kinetic energy. Velocity measurements reveal this loss in kinetic energy. When the impact body passes coil at a precise distance from the surface, a signal voltage is induced during the impact and rebound phases of the test. These voltages are proportional to the velocity. Using electronic signal processing one gets the Leeb hardness value from display. Our PORTABLE HARDNESS TESTERS from SADT / HARTIP HARDNESS TESTER SADT HARTIP2000/HARTIP2000 D&DL : This is an innovative portable Leeb hardness tester with newly patented technology, which makes HARTIP 2000 a universal angle (UA) impact direction hardness tester. There is no need to set up impact direction when taking measurements at any angle. Therefore, HARTIP 2000 offers a linear accuracy compared to the angle compensating method. HARTIP 2000 is also a cost saving hardness tester and has many other features. The HARTIP2000 DL is equipped with SADT unique D and DL 2-in-1 probe. SADT HARTIP1800 Plus/1800 Plus D&DL : This device is an advanced state-of-the-art palm sized metal hardness tester with many new features. Using a patented technology, SADT HARTIP1800 Plus is a new generation product. It has a high accuracy of +/-2 HL (or 0.3% @HL800) with high contract OLED display and wide environmental temperature range (-40ºC~60ºC). Apart from huge memories in 400 blocks with 360k data, HARTIP1800 Plus can download measured data to PC and printout to mini-printer by USB port and wirelessly with internal blue-tooth module. The battery can be charged simply from USB port. It has a customer re-calibration and statics function. HARTIP 1800 plus D&DL is equipped with two-in-one probe. With unique two-in-one probe, HARTIP1800plus D&DL can convert between probe D and probe DL simply by changing impact body. It’s more economical than buying them individually. It has the same configuration with HARTIP1800 plus except two-in-one probe. SADT HARTIP1800 Basic/1800 Basic D&DL : This is a basic model for HARTIP1800plus. With most of core functions of HARTIP1800 plus and a lower price, HARTIP1800 Basic is a good choice for the customer with limited budget. HARTIP1800 Basic also can be equipped with our unique D/DL two-in-one impact device. SADT HARTIP 3000 : This is an advanced hand-held digital metal hardness tester with high accuracy, wide measurement range and ease of operation. It is suitable for testing the hardness of all metals especially on site for large structural and assembled components, which are widely used in the power, petrochemical, aerospace, automotive and machine building industries. SADT HARTIP1500/HARTIP1000 : This is an integrated handheld metal hardness tester that combines impact device (probe) and processor into one unit. The size is much smaller than the standard impact device, which allows HARTIP 1500/1000 to meet not only normal measurement conditions, but also can take measurements at narrow spaces. HARTIP 1500/1000 is suitable for testing the hardness of almost all ferrous and nonferrous materials. With its new technology, its accuracy is improved to a higher level than the standard type. HARTIP 1500/1000 is one of the most economic hardness testers in its class. BRINELL HARDNESS READING AUTOMATIC MEASURING SYSTEM / SADT HB SCALER : HB Scaler is an optical measuring system which can automatically measure the size of indentation from Brinell hardness tester and gives the Brinell hardness readings. All values and indentation images can be saved in PC. With the software, all values can be processed and printed out as a report. Our BENCH HARDNESS TESTER products from SADT are: SADT HR-150A ROCKWELL HARDNESS TESTER : The manually operated HR-150A Rockwell hardness tester is known for its perfection and ease of operation. This machine uses the standard preliminary test force of 10kgf and main loads of 60/100/150 kilograms while conforming to the international Rockwell standard. After each test, the HR-150A shows the Rockwell B or Rockwell C hardness value directly on the dial indicator. The preliminary test force has to be applied manually, followed by applying the main load by means of the lever at the right side of the hardness tester. After unloading, the dial indicates the requested hardness value directly with high accuracy and repeatability. SADT HR-150DT MOTORIZED ROCKWELL HARDNESS TESTER : This series of hardness testers are recognized for their accuracy and ease of operation, function entirely conforming to the international Rockwell standard. Depending on the combination of indenter type and applied total test force, a unique symbol is given to each Rockwell scale. HR-150DT and HRM-45DT feature both specific Rockwell scales of HRC and HRB on a dial. The appropriate force should be adjusted manually, using the dial on the right side of the machine. After application of the preliminary force, the HR150DT and HRM-45DT will proceed with a fullly automated testing: loading, waiting, unloading, and at the end will display the hardness. SADT HRS-150 DIGITAL ROCKWELL HARDNESS TESTER : The HRS-150 digital Rockwell hardness tester is designed for ease of use and safety of operation. It conforms with the international Rockwell standard. Depending on the combination of indenter type and applied total test force, a unique symbol is given to each Rockwell scale. The HRS-150 will automatically show your selection of a specific Rockwell scale on the LCD display, and will indicate which load is being used. The integrated autobrake mechanism allows the preliminary test force to be applied manually without the possibility of an error. After application of the preliminary force, the HRS-150 will proceed with a fully automatic test: loading, dwell time, unloading, and computation of the hardness value and its display. Connected to the included printer through an RS232 output, it’s possible to print out all results. Our BENCH TYPE SUPERFICIAL ROCKWELL HARDNESS TESTER products from SADT are: SADT HRM-45DT MOTORIZED SUPERFICIAL ROCKWELL HARDNESS TESTER : This series hardness testers are recognized for their accuracy and ease of operation, perform entirely conforming to the international Rockwell standard. Depending on the combination of indenter type and applied total test force, a unique symbol is given to each Rockwell scale. HR-150DT and HRM-45DT feature both of the specific Rockwell scales HRC and HRB on a dial. The appropriate force should be adjusted manually, using the dial on the right side of the machine. After application of the preliminary force, the HR150DT and HRM-45DT will proceed with a fullly automatic test process: loading, dwelling, unloading, and at the end will display the hardness. SADT HRMS-45 SUPERFICIAL ROCKWELL HARDNESS TESTER : HRMS-45 Digital Superficial Rockwell Hardness Tester is a novel product integrating advanced mechanical and electronic technologies. The dual display of LCD and LED digital diodes, make it an upgraded product version of the standard type superficial Rockwell tester. It measures the hardness of ferrous, nonferrous metals and hard materials, carburized and nitrided layers, and other chemically treated layers. It is also used for the measurement of hardness of thin pieces. SADT XHR-150 PLASTIC ROCKWELL HARDNESS TESTER : XHR-150 plastics Rockwell hardness tester adopts a motorized testing method, testing force can be loaded, kept at dwelling and unloaded automatically. Human error is minimized and easy to operate. It is used to measure hard plastics, hard rubbers, aluminum, tin, copper, soft steel, synthetic resins, tribologic materials, etc. Our BENCH TYPE VICKERS HARDNESS TESTER products from SADT are: SADT HVS-10/50 LOW LOAD VICKERS HARDNESS TESTER : This low load Vicker’s hardness tester with digital display is a new hi-tech product integrating mechanical and photoelectrical technologies. As a substitute for traditional small-load Vicker’s hardness testers, it features an easy operation and good reliability, which is specially designed for testing small, thin samples or parts after surface coating. Suitable for research institutes, industrial labs and QC departments, this is an ideal hardness testing instrument for research and measurement purposes. It offers integration of computer programming technology, high resolution optical measuring system and photoelectrical technique, soft key input, light source adjustment, selectable testing model, conversion tables, pressure-holding time, file number input and data saving functions. It has a big LCD screen to display the test model, test pressure, indention length, hardness values, pressure holding time and the numbers of tests. Offers also date recording, test results recording and data processing, printing output function, through an RS232 interface. SADT HV-10/50 LOW LOAD VICKERS HARDNESS TESTER : These low load Vickers hardness testers are new hi-tech products integrating mechanical and photoelectrical technologies. These testers are specially designed for testing small and thin samples and parts after surface coating. Suitable for research institutes, industrial labs and QC departments. Key features and functions are microcomputer control, adjustment of light source via soft keys, adjustment of pressure holding time and LED/LCD display, its unique measurement conversion device and unique micro eyepiece one-time measurement readout device that ensures easy use and high accuracy. SADT HV-30 VICKERS HARDNESS TESTER : The HV-30 model Vickers hardness tester is specially designed for testing small, thin samples and parts after surface coating. Suitable for research institutes, factory labs and QC departments, these are ideal hardness testing instruments for research and test purposes. Key features and functions are micro computer control, automatic loading and unloading mechanism, adjustment of lighting source via hardware, adjustment of pressure holding time (0~30s), unique measurement conversion device and unique micro eyepiece one-time measurement readout device, ensuring easy use and high accuracy. Our BENCH TYPE MICRO HARDNESS TESTER products from SADT are: SADT HV-1000 MICRO HARDNESS TESTER / HVS-1000 DIGITAL MICRO HARDNESS TESTER : This product is especially well suited for high precision hardness testing of small and thin samples such as sheet, foil, coatings, ceramic products and hardened layers. To ensure a satisfactory indentation, the HV1000 / HVS1000 features automatic loading and unloading operations, a very accurate loading mechanism and a robust lever system. The micro-computer controlled system ensures an absolutely precise hardness measurement with adjustable dwell time. SADT DHV-1000 MICRO HARDNESS TESTER / DHV-1000Z DIGITAL VICKERS HARDNESS TESTER : These micro Vickers hardness testers made with a unique and precise design are able to produce a clearer indentation and hence a more accurate measurement. By means of a 20 × lens and a 40 × lens the instrument has a wider measurement field and a broader application range. Equipped with a digital microscope, on its LCD screen it shows the measuring methods, the test force, the indentation length, the hardness value, the dwell time of the test force as well as the number of the measurements. In addition, it is equipped with an interface linked to a digital camera and a CCD video camera. This tester is widely used for measuring ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, IC thin sections, coatings, glass, ceramics, precious stones, quench hardened layers and more. SADT DXHV-1000 DIGITAL MICRO HARDNESS TESTER : These micro Vickers hardness testers made with a unique and precise are able to produce a clearer indentation and hence more accurate measurements. By means of a 20 × lens and a 40 × lens the tester has a wider measurement field and a broader application range. With an automatically turning device ( the automatically turning turret ), the operation has become easier; and with a threaded interface, it can be linked to a digital camera and a CCD video camera. First the device lets the LCD touch screen to be used, thus allowing the operation to be more human controlled. The device has capabilities such as direct reading of the measurements, the easy change of the hardness scales, the saving of the data, the printing and the connection with the RS232 interface. This tester is widely used for measuring ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, IC thin sections, coatings, glass, ceramics, precious stones; thin plastic sections, quench hardened layers and more. Our BENCH TYPE BRINELL HARDNESS TESTER / MULTI-PURPOSE HARDNESS TESTER products from SADT are: SADT HD9-45 SUPERFICIAL ROCKWELL & VICKERS OPTICAL HARDNESS TESTER : This device serves the purpose of measuring the hardness of ferrous, nonferrous metals, hard metals, carburized and nitrided layers and chemically treated layers and thin pieces. SADT HBRVU-187.5 BRINELL ROCKWELL & VICKERS OPTICAL HARDNESS TESTER : This instrument is used for determining the Brinell, Rockwell and Vickers hardness of ferrous, nonferrous metals, hard metals, carburized layers and chemically treated layers. It can be used in plants, scientific & research institutes, laboratories and colleges. SADT HBRV-187.5 BRINELL ROCKWELL & VICKERS HARDNESS TESTER (NOT OPTICAL) : This instrument is used for determining the Brinell, Rockwell and Vickers hardness of ferrous, non-ferrous metals, hard metals, carburized layers and chemically treated layers. It can be used in factories, scientific & research institutes, laboratories and colleges. It’s not an optical type hardness tester. SADT HBE-3000A BRINELL HARDNESS TESTER : This automatic Brinell hardness tester features a wide measurement range up to 3000 Kgf with a high accuracy conforming to DIN 51225/1 standard. During the automatic test cycle the applied force will be controlled by a closed loop system guaranteeing a constant force on the work piece, conforming to DIN 50351 standard. The HBE-3000A comes completely with a reading microscope with enlargement factor 20X and a micrometer resolution of 0.005 mm. SADT HBS-3000 DIGITAL BRINELL HARDNESS TESTER : This digital Brinell hardness tester is a new generation state-of-the-art device. It can be used to determine the Brinell hardness of ferrous and non-ferrous metals. The tester offers electronic auto loading, computer software programming, high power optical measurement, photosensor and other features. Each operational process and test result can be displayed on its large LCD screen. The test results can be printed. Device is suitable for manufacturing environments, colleges and scientific institutions. SADT MHB-3000 DIGITAL ELECTRONIC BRINELL HARDNESS TESTER : This instrument is an integrated product combining optical, mechanical and electronic techniques, adopting a precise mechanical structure and computer controlled closed-circuit system. The instrument loads and unloads the testing force with its motor. Using a 0.5% accuracy compression sensor to feedback the information and the CPU to control, the instrument compensates automatically for the varying testing forces. Equipped with a digital micro eyepiece on the instrument, the length of indentation can be measured directly. All testing data such as the test method, the test force value, the length of test indentation, the hardness value and the dwell time of testing force can be shown on the LCD screen. There is no need to input the value of the diagonal length for the indentation and no need to look up the hardness value from the hardness table. Therefore the read data is more accurate and operation of this instrument is easier. For details and other similar equipment, please visit our equipment website: http://www.sourceindustrialsupply.com CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

AGS-TECH Inc., Molding, Casting, Machining, Forging, Sheet Metal Fabrication, Mechanical Electrical Electronic Optical Assembly, PCBA, Powder Metallurgy, CNC AGS-TECH Inc. AGS-TECH Inc. Custom Manufacturing, Domestic & Global Outsourcing, Engineering Integration, Consolidation AGS-TECH Inc. 1/2 AGS-TECH, Inc. is your: Global Custom Manufacturer, Integrator, Consolidator, Outsourcing Partner for a Wide Variety of Products & Services. We are your one-stop source for manufacturing, fabrication, engineering, consolidation, outsourcing of custom manufactured and off-shelf products. We also private label / white label your products with your brand name if you wish. SERVICES: Custom Manufacturing of Parts, Components, Assemblies, Finished Products, Machines and Industrial Equipment Domestic & Global Contract Manufacturing Manufacturing Outsourcing Domestic, Global Procurement of Industrial Products Private labeling / white labeling your products with your brand name Product Finding & Locating Services Global Design and Channel Partnership Engineering Integration Engineering Services Global Consolidation, Warehousing, Logistics ABOUT AGS-TECH, Inc. - Your Global Custom Manufacturer, Engineering Integrator, Consolidator, Outsourcing Partner AGS-TECH Inc. is a manufacturer,engineering integrator,global supplier of industrial products including moulds,moulded plastic and rubber parts,castings,extrusions,sheet metal fabrication, metal stamping & forging,CNC machining,machine elements,powder metallurgy,ceramic & glass forming, wire / spring forming,joining & assembly & fasteners,non-conventional fabrication, microfabrication,nanotechnology coatings & thin film,custom mechanical & electric electronic components & assemblies & PCB & PCBA & cable harness,optical & fiber optic components & assembly,test & metrology equipment like hardness testers,metallurgical microscopes,ultrasonic fault detectors,industrial computers,embedded systems,automation & panel PC,single board computers,quality control equipment. Besides products,with our global engineering,reverse engineering,research & development,product development,additive and rapid manufacturing, prototyping,project management capabilities we offer technical,logistic and business assistance to make you more competitive and successful in the global markets. Our mission is simple: Making our customers succeed and grow. How ? By providing 1.) Better Quality 2.) Better Price 3.) Better Delivery........ all from a single company and the World's most diverse global engineering integrator and supplier AGS-TECH Inc. You can provide us your blueprints and we can machine moulds, dies and tools for manufacturing your parts. We produce them by either molding, casting, extrusion, forging, sheet-metal fabrication, stamping, powder metallurgy, CNC machining, forming. We can either ship you parts and components or perform assembly, fabrication and complete manufacturing operations at our facilities. Our assembly operations involve mechanical, optical, electronic, fiber optic products. We perform joining operations using fasteners, welding, brazing, soldering, adhesive bonding and more. Our molding processes are for a variety of plastic, rubber, ceramic, glass, powder metallurgy materials. So are our casting, CNC machining, forging, sheet metal fabrication, wire & spring forming processes which involve metals, alloys, plastic, ceramic. We offer final finishing operations such as coatings & thin and thick film, grinding, lapping, polishing and more. Our manufacturing capabilities extend beyond mechanical assembly. We manufacture electric electronic components & assemblies & PCB & PCBA & cable harness, optical & fiber optic components & assembly according to your technical drawings, BOM, Gerber files. Various PCB and PCBA manufacturing techniques including reflow soldering and wave soldering besides others are deployed. We are experts in precision connectorization, joining, assembly and sealing of hermetic electronic and fiber optical packages and products. Besides passive and active mechanical assembly, we take advantage of special brazing and soldering materials and techniques for manufacturing products compliant to Telcordia and other industry standards. We are not limited with high volume manufacturing and fabrication. Almost every project starts with a need for engineering, reverse engineering, research & development, product development, additive and rapid manufacturing, prototyping. As the World's most diverse global custom manufacturer, engineering integrator, consolidator, outsourcing partner, we welcome you even if you only have ideas. We take you from there and help you at all phases of a successful complete product development and manufacturing cycle. Whether it is rapid sheet metal fabrication, rapid mould machining and molding, rapid casting, rapid PCB & PCBA assembly or else any rapid prototyping technique is at your service. We offer you off-the-shelf as well as custom manufactured metrology equipment like hardness testers, metallurgical microscopes, ultrasonic fault detectors; industrial computers, embedded systems, automation & panel PC, single board computers and quality control equipment that are widely used in manufacturing and industrial facilities. By offering you state-of-the-art metrology equipment and industrial computer components we complement your needs as a single source manufacturer and supplier where you can source all what you need. Without a wide spectrum of engineering services, we would be no different than the majority of other manufacturers and sellers with limited custom manufacturing and assembly capabilities that are out there in the market. The span of our engineering services distinguishes us as the World’s most diverse custom manufacturer, contract manufacturer, engineering integrator, consolidator and outsourcing partner. Engineering services can be offered as alone or as part of new product or process development, or as part of an existing product or process development or as anything else that comes to your mind. We are flexible and our engineering services can take the form that best fits your needs and requirements. The deliverables and output of our engineering services is limited only by your imagination and can take any form that suits you. The most common forms of output from our engineering services are: Consultation reports, test sheets and reports, inspection reports, blueprints, engineering drawings, assembly drawings, bill of material lists, datasheets, simulations, software programs, graphics and charts, output from specialized optical, thermal or other software programs, samples and prototypes, models, demonstrations…..etc. Our engineering services can be delivered with a signature or several signatures of certified professional engineers in your state. Sometimes a number of professional engineers from different disciplines may be required to sign the work. Outsourcing engineering services to us can provide you many benefits such as cost savings from hiring a full-time engineer or engineers, quickly getting the expert engineer to serve you within your timeframe and budget rather than searching to hire one, giving you the ability to quit a project quickly in case you realize it is not feasible (this is very costly in case you hire and lay-off your own engineers), quickly be able to switch engineers from different disciplines and backgrounds giving you the capability to maneuver at any time and phase of your projects…..etc. There are many other benefits to outsourcing engineering services in addition to custom manufacturing and assembly. On this site we will focus on custom manufacturing, contract manufacturing, assembly, integration, consolidation and outsourcing of products. If the engineering side of our business is of more interest to you, you can find detailed information about our engineering services by visiting http://www.ags-engineering.com We are AGS-TECH Inc., your one-stop source for manufacturing & fabrication & engineering & outsourcing & consolidation. We are the World's most diverse engineering integrator offering you custom manufacturing, subassembly, assembly of products and engineering services. Contact Us First Name Last Name Email Write a message Submit Thanks for submitting!

Mechanical Testing Instruments - Tension Tester - Torsion Test Machine - Bending Tester - Impact Test Device - Concrete Tester - Compression Testing Machine - H Mechanical Test Instruments Among the large number of MECHANICAL TEST INSTRUMENTS we focus our attention to the most essential and popular ones: IMPACT TESTERS, CONCRETE TESTERS / SCHMIDT HAMMER, TENSION TESTERS, COMPRESSION TESTING MACHINES, TORSION TEST EQUIPMENT, FATIGUE TEST MACHINE, THREE & FOUR POINT BENDING TESTERS, COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION TESTERS, HARDNESS & THICKNESS TESTERS, SURFACE ROUGHNESS TESTERS, VIBRATION METERS, TACHOMETERS, PRECISION ANALYTICAL BALANCE. We offer our customers quality brands such as ELCOMETER, SADT, SINOAGE for under list prices. Please choose from the downloadable catalogs below the brand name and model number of the equipment you need and tell us whether you want a brand new or refurbished / used equipment: AMETEK-LLOYD Instruments Materials Testing (Versatile Materials Testing Equipment, Universal Test Machines, Tensile Strength, Compressibility, Hardness, Elasticity, Peeling, Adhesion...etc.) ELCOMETER Inspection Equipment Catalog ( Physical Test Equipment , Concrete Inspection Equipment, Concrete Test Hammers, Fineness Of Grind/Dispersion , Density & Specific Gravity , Viscosity & Flow Measurement , Film Application & Test Charts , Drying Time & Permeability , Washability & Abrasion , Hardness & Scratch Resistance , Elasticity, Bend & Impact Testers , Flash Point ) HAIDA Adhesive Tape Peel Test Machine HAIDA Computerized Universal Test Machine with Extensometer HAIDA Computerized Universal Test Machine with Large Capacity (Double Column) HAIDA Computer Servo Tensile Test Machine HAIDA Desktop Tensile Test Machine HAIDA Double-Column Universal Testing Machine HAIDA Electro-Hydraulic Universal Testing Machine HAIDA Extra - Height Tensile Test Machine HAIDA Tensile Test Machines HAIDA Universal Testing Machine HAIDA Universal Test Machine HAIDA Universal Test Machine with Temperature Chamber INSTRON Compression and Tension Test Instruments SADT-SINOAGE Brand Metrology and Test Equipment, please CLICK HERE. Here you will find some of these testing equipment such as concrete testers and surface roughness tester. Let us examine these test devices in some detail: SCHMIDT HAMMER / CONCRETE TESTER : This test instrument, also sometimes called a SWISS HAMMER or a REBOUND HAMMER, is a device to measure the elastic properties or strength of concrete or rock, mainly surface hardness and penetration resistance. The hammer measures the rebound of a spring-loaded mass impacting against the surface of the sample. The test hammer will hit the concrete with a predetermined energy. The hammer’s rebound depends on the hardness of the concrete and is measured by the test equipment. Taking a conversion chart as a reference, the rebound value can be used to determine the compressive strength. The Schmidt hammer is an arbitrary scale ranging from 10 to 100. Schmidt hammers come with several different energy ranges. Their energy ranges are: (i) Type L-0.735 Nm impact energy, (ii) Type N-2.207 Nm impact energy; and (iii) Type M-29.43 Nm impact energy. Local variation in the sample. To minimize local variation in the samples it is recommended to take a selection of readings and take their average value. Prior to testing, the Schmidt hammer needs to be calibrated using a calibration test anvil supplied by the manufacturer. 12 readings should be taken, dropping the highest and lowest, and then taking the average of the ten remaining readings. This method is considered an indirect measurement of the strength of the material. It provides an indication based on surface properties for comparison between samples. This test method for testing concrete is governed by ASTM C805. On the other hand, the ASTM D5873 standard describes the procedure for testing of rock. Inside of our SADT brand catalog you will find the following products: DIGITAL CONCRETE TEST HAMMER SADT Models HT-225D/HT-75D/HT-20D - The SADT Model HT-225D is an integrated digital concrete test hammer combining data processor and test hammer into a single unit. It is widely used for non destructive quality testing of concrete and building materials. From its rebound value, the compressive strength of concrete can be calculated out automatically. All test data can be stored in memory and transferred to PC by USB cable or wirelessly by Bluetooth. The models HT-225D and HT-75D have measuring range of 10 – 70N/mm2, whereas the model HT-20D has only 1 – 25N/mm2. The impact energy of HT-225D is 0.225 Kgm and is suitable for testing ordinary building and bridge construction, the impact energy of HT-75D is 0.075 Kgm and is suitable for testing small and impact-sensitive parts of concrete and artificial brick, and finally the impact energy of HT-20D is 0.020Kgm and suitable for testing mortar or clay products. IMPACT TESTERS: In many manufacturing operations and during their service lives, many components need to be subjected to impact loading. In the impact test, the notched specimen is placed in an impact tester and broken with a swinging pendulum. There are two major types of this test: The CHARPY TEST and the IZOD TEST. For the Charpy test the specimen are supported at both ends, whereas for the Izod test they are supported only at one end like a cantilever beam. From the amount of swing of the pendulum, the energy dissipated in breaking the specimen is obtained, this energy is the impact toughness of the material. Using the impact tests, we can determine the ductile-brittle transition temperatures of materials. Materials with high impact resistance generally have high strength and ductility. These tests also reveal the sensitivity of a material’s impact toughness to surface defects, because the notch in the specimen can be considered a surface defect. TENSION TESTER : The strength-deformation characteristics of materials are determined using this test. Test specimen are prepared according to ASTM standards. Typically, solid and round specimens are tested, but flat sheets and tubular samples may also be tested using tension test. The original length of a specimen is the distance between gage marks on it and is typically 50 mm long. It is denoted as lo. Longer or shorter lengths can be used depending on the specimens and products. The original cross-sectional area is denoted as Ao. The engineering stress or also called nominal stress is then given as: Sigma = P / Ao And the engineering strain is given as: e = (l – lo) / lo In the linear elastic region, the specimen elongates proportionately to the load up to the proportional limit. Beyond this limit, even though not linearly, the specimen will continue to deform elastically up to the yield point Y. In this elastic region, the material will return to its original length if we remove the load. Hooke’s Law applies in this region and gives us the Young’s Modulus: E = Sigma / e If we increase the load and move beyond the yield point Y, the material begins to yield. In other words, the specimen begins to undergo plastic deformation. Plastic deformation means permanent deformation. The cross-sectional area of the specimen decreases permanently and uniformly. If specimen is unloaded at this point, the curve follows a straight line downward and parallel to the original line in the elastic region. If the load is further increased, the curve reaches a maximum and begins to decrease. The maximum stress point is called the tensile strength or ultimate tensile strength and is denoted as UTS. The UTS can be interpreted as the overall strength of materials. When load is greater than the UTS, necking occurs on the specimen and the elongation between gage marks is no longer uniform. In other words, the specimen becomes really thin at the location where necking occurs. During necking, the elastic stress drops. If the test is continued, the engineering stress drops further and the specimen fractures at the necking region. The stress level at fracture is the fracture stress. The strain at point of fracture is an indicator of ductility. The strain up to the UTS is referred to as uniform strain, and the elongation at fracture is referred to as total elongation. Elongation = ((lf – lo) / lo) x 100 Reduction of Area = ((Ao – Af) / Ao) x 100 Elongation and reduction of area are good indicators of ductility. COMPRESSION TESTING MACHINE ( COMPRESSION TESTER ) : In this test, the specimen is subjected to a compressive load contrary to the tensile test where the load is tensile. Generally, a solid cylindrical specimen is placed between two flat plates and compressed. Using lubricants at the contact surfaces, a phenomenon known as barreling is prevented. Engineering strain rate in compression is given by: de / dt = - v / ho, where v is die speed, ho original specimen height. True strain rate on the other hand is: de = dt = - v/ h, with h being the instantaneous specimen height. To keep the true strain rate constant during the test, a cam plastometer thru a cam action reduces the magnitude of v proportionally as the specimen height h decreases during the test. Using the compression test ductilities of materials are determined by observing cracks formed on barreled cylindrical surfaces. Another test with some differences in the die and workpiece geometries is the PLANE-STRAIN COMPRESSION TEST, which gives us the yield stress of the material in plane strain denoted widely as Y’. Yield stress of materials in plane strain can be estimated as: Y’ = 1.15 Y TORSION TEST MACHINES (TORSIONAL TESTERS) : The TORSION TEST is another widely used method for determining material properties. A tubular specimen with a reduced mid-section is used in this test. Shear stress, T is given by: T = T / 2 (Pi) (square of r) t Here, T is the applied torque, r is the mean radius and t is the thickness of the reduced section in the middle of the tube. Shear strain on the other hand is given by: ß = r Ø / l Here l is the length of the reduced section and Ø is the twist angle in radians. Within the elastic range, the shear modulus (modulus of rigidity) is expressed as: G = T / ß The relation between shear modulus and the modulus of elasticity is: G = E / 2( 1 + V ) The torsion test is applied to solid round bars at elevated temperatures to estimate the forgeability of metals. The more twists the material can withstand prior to failure, the more forgeable it is. THREE & FOUR POINT BENDING TESTERS : For brittle materials, the BEND TEST (also called FLEXURE TEST) is suitable. A rectangularly shaped specimen is supported at both ends and a load is applied vertically. The vertical force is applied at either one point as in the case of three point bending tester, or at two points as in the case of a four point test machine. The stress at fracture in bending is referred to as the modulus of rupture or transverse rupture strength. It is given as: Sigma = M c / I Here, M is the bending moment, c is one-half of the specimen depth and I is the moment of inertia of the cross-section. The magnitude of stress is the same in both three and four-point bending when all other parameters are kept constant. The four-point test is likely to result in a lower modulus of rupture as compared to the three-point test. Another superiority of the four-point bending test over the three point bending test is that its results are more consistent with less statistical scattering of values. FATIGUE TEST MACHINE: In FATIGUE TESTING, a specimen is subjected repeatedly to various states of stress. The stresses are generally a combination of tension, compression and torsion. The test process can be resembled to bending a piece of wire alternately in one direction, then the other until it fractures. The stress amplitude can be varied and is denoted as “S”. The number of cycles to cause total failure of the specimen is recorded and is denoted as “N”. Stress amplitude is the maximum stress value in tension and compression to which the specimen is subjected. One variation of the fatigue test is performed on a rotating shaft with a constant downward load. The endurance limit (fatigue limit) is defined as the max. stress value the material can withstand without fatigue failure regardless of the number of cycles. Fatigue strength of metals is related to their ultimate tensile strength UTS. COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION TESTER : This test equipment measures the ease with which two surfaces in contact are able to slide past one another. There are two different values associated with the coefficient of friction, namely the static and kinetic coefficient of friction. Static friction applies to the force necessary to initialize motion between the two surfaces and kinetic friction is the resistance to sliding once the surfaces are in relative motion. Appropriate measures need to be taken prior to testing and during testing to ensure freedom from dirt, grease and other contaminants that could adversely affect test results. ASTM D1894 is the main coefficient of friction test standard and is used by many industries with different applications and products. We are here to offer you the most suitable test equipment. If you need a custom set-up specifically designed for your application, we can modify existing equipment accordingly in order to meet your requirements and needs. HARDNESS TESTERS : Please go to our related page by clicking here THICKNESS TESTERS : Please go to our related page by clicking here SURFACE ROUGHNESS TESTERS : Please go to our related page by clicking here VIBRATION METERS : Please go to our related page by clicking here TACHOMETERS : Please go to our related page by clicking here For details and other similar equipment, please visit our equipment website: http://www.sourceindustrialsupply.com CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

Chemical Physical Environmental Analyzers, NDT, Nondestructive Testing, Analytical Balance, Chromatograph, Mass Spectrometer, Gas Analyzer, Moisture Analyzer Chemical, Physical, Environmental Analyzers The industrial CHEMICAL ANALYZERS we provide are: CHROMATOGRAPHS, MASS SPECTROMETERS, RESIDUAL GAS ANALYZERS, GAS DETECTORS, MOISTURE ANALYZER, DIGITAL GRAIN AND WOOD MOISTURE METERS, ANALYTICAL BALANCE The industrial PHYSICAL ANALYSIS INSTRUMENTS we offer are: SPECTROPHOTOMETERS, POLARIMETER, REFRACTOMETER, LUX METER, GLOSS METERS, COLOR READERS, COLOR DIFFERENCE METER , DIGITAL LASER DISTANCE METERS, LASER RANGEFINDER, ULTRASONIC CABLE HEIGHT METER, SOUND LEVEL METER, ULTRASONIC DISTANCE METER , DIGITAL ULTRASONIC FLAW DETECTOR , HARDNESS TESTER , METALLURGICAL MICROSCOPES , SURFACE ROUGHNESS TESTER , ULTRASONIC THICKNESS GAUGE , VIBRATION METER , TACHOMETER . and others...... For the highlighted products, please visit our related pages by clicking on the corresponding colored text above. The ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYZERS we provide are: TEMPERATURE & HUMIDITY CYCLING CHAMBERS, ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING CHAMBERS, LIQUID ANALYSIS & TEST SYSTEMS. Click on Colored Text to Download Catalogs below. Choose the brand and model number of your interest and let us know whether you need brand new, or refurbished / used equipment: AMETEK-LLOYD Instruments Materials Testing (Versatile Materials Testing Equipment, Universal Test Machines, Tensile Strength, Compressibility, Hardness, Elasticity, Peeling, Adhesion...etc.) ELCOMETER Inspection Equipment Catalog ( Physical Test Equipment , Gloss & Reflectance , Colour Measurement , Fineness Of Grind/Dispersion , Density & Specific Gravity , Viscosity & Flow Measurement , Film Application & Test Charts , Drying Time & Permeability , Washability & Abrasion , Hardness & Scratch Resistance , Elasticity, Bend & Impact Testers , Flash Point, Concrete Inspection Equipment ) FLUKE Test Tools Catalog (includes Indoor Air Quality Tools, Air Meter, Airflow Meter, Temperature-Humidity Meter, Particle Counter, Carbon Monoxide Meters) HAIDA Anti-Yellowing Aging Test Chamber HAIDA Color Assessment Cabinet HAIDA IPX1＆X2 Water Drip Test Chamber HAIDA Rapid-Rate Thermal Cycle Chamber HAIDA Salt Corrosion Spray Test Chamber HAIDA Salt Spray Test Chamber HAIDA Sand Dust Proofing Test Chamber HAIDA Temperature Humidity Test Chamber HAIDA Thermal Shock Test Chamber HAIDA Ultraviolet Weathering Test Chamber HAIDA Walk-In Environmental Test Chamber HAIDA Xenon Aging Test Chamber High HAIDA Xenon Aging Test Chamber Standard Helium Leak Tester (We private label these with your brand name and logo if you wish) METTLER TOLEDO Weighing Solutions for Retail Stores SADT-SINOAGE brand metrology and test equipment, please CLICK HERE . You will find some models of the above listed equipment here. Sensors & Analytical Measurement Systems for Liquid Analysis (Products in this brochure are used for environmental tests and and tests carried out in process industries. Example products are conductivity sensors, dissolved oxygen sensors, chlorine sensors, turbidity/suspended solids sensors, optical sensors, transmitters....etc. We private label these with your brand name and logo if you wish) Sensors & Analytical Measurement Systems for Optical OEM Applications in Liquid Analysis (We private label these with your brand name and logo if you wish) Sensors & Analytical Measurement Systems for pH Testing (We private label these with your brand name and logo if you wish) Some fundamental information on these test systems: CHROMATOGRAPHY is a physical method of separation that distribute s components to separate between two phases, one stationary (stationary phase), the other (the mobile phase) moving in a definite direction. In other words, it refers to laboratory techniques for the separation of mixtures. The mixture is dissolved in a fluid called the mobile phase, which carries it through a structure holding another material called the stationary phase. The various constituents of the mixture travel at different speeds, which causes them to separate. The separation is based on differential partitioning between the mobile and stationary phases. Small differences in partition coefficient of a compound results in differential retention on the stationary phase and thus changing the separation. Chromatography can be used to separate the components of a mixture for more advanced use such as purification) or for measuring the relative proportions of analytes (which is the substance to be separated during chromatography) in a mixture. Several chromatographic methods exist, such as paper chromatography, gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. ANALYTICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY is used to determine the existence and the concentration of analyte(s) in a sample. In a chromatogram different peaks or patterns correspond to different components of the separated mixture. In an optimal system each signal is proportional to the concentration of the corresponding analyte that was separated. An equipment called CHROMATOGRAPH enables a sophisticated separation. There are specialized types according to the physical state of the mobile phase such as GAS CHROMATOGRAPHS and LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHS. Gas chromatography (GC), also sometimes called gas-liquid chromatography (GLC), is a separation technique in which the mobile phase is a gas. High temperatures used in Gas Chromatographs make it unsuitable for high molecular weight biopolymers or proteins encountered in biochemistry because heat denatures them. The technique is however well suited for use in the petrochemical, environmental monitoring, chemical research and industrial chemical fields. On the other hand, Liquid Chromatography (LC) is a separation technique in which the mobile phase is a liquid. In order to measure the characteristics of individual molecules, a MASS SPECTROMETER converts them to ions so that they can be accelerated, and moved about by external electric and magnetic fields. Mass spectrometers are used in Chromatographs explained above, as well as in other analysis instruments. The associated components of a typical mass spectrometer are: Ion Source: A small sample is ionized, usually to cations by loss of an electron. Mass Analyzer: The ions are sorted and separated according to their mass and charge. Detector: The separated ions are measured and results displayed on a chart. Ions are very reactive and short-lived, therefore their formation and manipulation must be conducted in a vacuum. The pressure under which ions may be handled is roughly 10-5 to 10-8 torr. The three tasks listed above may be accomplished in different ways. In one common procedure, ionization is effected by a high energy beam of electrons, and ion separation is achieved by accelerating and focusing the ions in a beam, which is then bent by an external magnetic field. The ions are then detected electronically and the resulting information is stored and analyzed in a computer. The heart of the spectrometer is the ion source. Here molecules of the sample are bombarded by electrons emanating from a heated filament. This is called an electron source. Gases and volatile liquid samples are allowed to leak into the ion source from a reservoir and non-volatile solids and liquids may be introduced directly. Cations formed by the electron bombardment are pushed away by a charged repeller plate (anions are attracted to it), and accelerated toward other electrodes, having slits through which the ions pass as a beam. Some of these ions fragment into smaller cations and neutral fragments. A perpendicular magnetic field deflects the ion beam in an arc whose radius is inversely proportional to the mass of each ion. Lighter ions are deflected more than heavier ions. By varying the strength of the magnetic field, ions of different mass can be focused progressively on a detector fixed at the end of a curved tube under a high vacuum. A mass spectrum is displayed as a vertical bar graph, each bar representing an ion having a specific mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) and the length of the bar indicates the relative abundance of the ion. The most intense ion is assigned an abundance of 100, and it is referred to as the base peak. Most of the ions formed in a mass spectrometer have a single charge, so the m/z value is equivalent to mass itself. Modern mass spectrometers have very high resolutions and can easily distinguish ions differing by only a single atomic mass unit (amu). A RESIDUAL GAS ANALYZER (RGA) is a small and rugged mass spectrometer. We have explained mass spectrometers above. RGAs are designed for process control and contamination monitoring in vacuum systems such as research chambers, surface science setups, accelerators, scanning microscopes. Utilizing quadrupole technology, there are two implementations, utilizing either an open ion source (OIS) or a closed ion source (CIS). RGAs are used in most cases to monitor the quality of the vacuum and easily detect minute traces of impurities possessing sub-ppm detectability in the absence of background interferences. These impurities can be measured down to (10)Exp -14 Torr levels, Residual Gas Analyzers are also used as sensitive in-situ, helium leak detectors. Vacuum systems require checking of the integrity of the vacuum seals and the quality of the vacuum for air leaks and contaminants at low levels before a process is initiated. Modern residual gas analyzers come complete with a quadrupole probe, electronics control unit , and a real-time Windows software package that is used for data acquisition and analysis, and probe control. Some software supports multiple head operation when more than one RGA is needed. Simple design with a small number of parts will minimize outgassing and reduce the chances of introducing impurities into your vacuum system. Probe designs using self-aligning parts will ensure easy reassembled after cleaning. LED indicators on modern devices provide instant feedback on the status of the electron multiplier, filament, electronics system and the probe. Long-life, easily changeable filaments are used for electron emission. For increased sensitivity and faster scan rates, an optional electron multiplier is sometimes offered that detects partial pressures down to 5 × (10)Exp -14 Torr. Another attractive feature of residual gas analyzers is the built-in degassing feature. Using electron impact desorption, the ion source is thoroughly cleaned, greatly reducing the ionizer's contribution to background noise. With a large dynamic range the user can make measurements of small and large gas concentrations simultaneously. A MOISTURE ANALYZER determines the remaining dry mass after a drying process with infrared energy of the original matter which is previously weighed. Humidity is calculated in relation to the weight of the wet matter. During the drying process, the decrease of moisture in the material is shown on the display. The moisture analyzer determines moisture and the amount of dry mass as well as the consistency of volatile and fixed substances with high accuracy. The weighing system of the moisture analyzer possesses all the properties of modern balances. These metrology tools are used in the industrial sector to analyze pastes, wood, adhesive materials, dust,…etc. There are many applications where trace moisture measurements are necessary for manufacturing and process quality assurance. Trace moisture in solids must be controlled for plastics, pharmaceuticals and heat treatment processes. Trace moisture in gases and liquids need to be measured and controlled as well. Examples include dry air, hydrocarbon processing, pure semiconductor gases, bulk pure gases, natural gas in pipelines….etc. The loss on drying type analyzers incorporate an electronic balance with a sample tray and surrounding heating element. If the volatile content of the solid is primarily water, the LOD technique gives a good measure of moisture content. An accurate method for determining the amount of water is the Karl Fischer titration, developed by the German chemist. This method detects only water, contrary to loss on drying, which detects any volatile substances. Yet for natural gas there are specialized methods for the measurement of moisture, because natural gas poses a unique situation by having very high levels of solid and liquid contaminants as well as corrosives in varying concentrations. MOISTURE METERS are test equipment for measuring the percentage of water in a substance or material. Using this information, workers in various industries determine if the material is ready for use, too wet or too dry. For example, wood and paper products are very sensitive to their moisture content. Physical properties including dimensions and weight are strongly affected by moisture content. If you are purchasing large quantities of wood by weight, it will be a wise thing to measure the moisture content to make sure it is not intentionally watered to increase the price. Generally two basic types of moisture meters are available. One type measures the electrical resistance of the material, which becomes increasingly lower as the moisture content of it rises. With the electrical resistance type of moisture meter, two electrodes are driven into the material and the electrical resistance is translated into moisture content on the device’s electronic output. A second type of moisture meter relies on the dielectric properties of the material, and requires only surface contact with it. The ANALYTICAL BALANCE is a basic tool in quantitative analysis, used for the accurate weighing of samples and precipitates. A typical balance should be able to determine differences in mass of 0.1 milligram. In microanalyses the balance must be about 1,000 times more sensitive. For special work, balances of even higher sensitivity are available. The measuring pan of an analytical balance is inside a transparent enclosure with doors so that dust does not collect and air currents in the room do not affect the balance's operation. There is a smooth turbulence-free airflow and ventilation that prevents balance fluctuation and the measure of mass down to 1 microgram without fluctuations or loss of product. Maintaining consistent response throughout the useful capacity is achieved by maintaining a constant load on the balance beam, thus the fulcrum, by subtracting mass on the same side of the beam to which the sample is added. Electronic analytical balances measure the force needed to counter the mass being measured rather than using actual masses. Therefore they must have calibration adjustments made to compensate for gravitational differences. Analytical balances use an electromagnet to generate a force to counter the sample being measured and outputs the result by measuring the force needed to achieve balance. SPECTROPHOTOMETRY is the quantitative measurement of the reflection or transmission properties of a material as a function of wavelength, and SPECTROPHOTOMETER is the test equipment used for this purpose. The spectral bandwidth (the range of colors it can transmit through the test sample), the percentage of sample-transmission, the logarithmic range of sample-absorption and percentage of reflectance measurement are critical for spectrophotometers. These test instruments are widely used in optical component testing where optical filters, beam splitters, reflectors, mirrors…etc need to be evaluated for their performance. There are many other applications of spectrophotometers including the measurement of transmission and reflection properties of pharmaceutical and medical solutions, chemicals, dyes, colors……etc. These tests ensure consistency from batch to batch in production. A spectrophotometer is able to determine, depending on the control or calibration, what substances are present in a target and their quantities through calculations using observed wavelengths. The range of wavelengths covered is generally between 200 nm - 2500 nm using different controls and calibrations. Within these ranges of light, calibrations are needed on the machine using specific standards for the wavelengths of interest. There are two major types of spectrophotometers, namely single beam and double beam. Double beam spectrophotometers compare the light intensity between two light paths, one path containing a reference sample and the other path containing the test sample. A single-beam spectrophotometer on the other hand measures the relative light intensity of the beam before and after a test sample is inserted. Although comparing measurements from double-beam instruments are easier and more stable, single-beam instruments can have a larger dynamic range and are optically simpler and more compact. Spectrophotometers can be installed also into other instruments and systems which can help users to perform in-situ measurements during production…etc. The typical sequence of events in a modern spectrophotometer can be summarized as: First the light source is imaged upon the sample, a fraction of the light is transmitted or reflected from the sample. Then the light from the sample is imaged upon the entrance slit of the monochromator, which separates the wavelengths of light and focuses each of them onto the photodetector sequentially. The most common spectrophotometers are UV & VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETERS which operate in the ultraviolet and 400–700 nm wavelength range. Some of them cover the near-infrared region too. On the other hand, IR SPECTROPHOTOMETERS are more complicated and expensive because of the technical requirements of measurement in the infrared region. Infrared photosensors are more valuable and Infrared measurement is also challenging because almost everything emits IR light as thermal radiation, especially at wavelengths beyond about 5 m. Many materials used in other types of spectrophotometers such as glass and plastic absorb infrared light, making them unfit as the optical medium. Ideal optical materials are salts such as potassium bromide, which do not absorb strongly. A POLARIMETER measures the angle of rotation caused by passing polarized light through an optically active material. Some chemical materials are optically active, and polarized (unidirectional) light will rotate either to the left (counter-clockwise) or right (clockwise) when passed through them. The amount by which the light is rotated is called the angle of rotation. One popular application, concentration and purity measurements are made to determine product or ingredient quality in the food, beverage and pharmaceutical industries. Some samples that display specific rotations that can be calculated for purity with a polarimeter include the Steroids, Antibiotics, Narcotics, Vitamins, Amino Acids, Polymers, Starches, Sugars. Many chemicals exhibit a unique specific rotation which can be used to distinguish them. A Polarimeter can identify unknown specimens based on this if other variables like concentration and length of sample cell are controlled or at least known. On the other hand, if the specific rotation of a sample is already known, then the concentration and/or purity of a solution containing it can be calculated. Automatic polarimeters calculate these once some input on variables are entered by the user. A REFRACTOMETER is a piece of optical test equipment for the measurement of index of refraction. These instruments measure the extent to which light is bent, i.e. refracted when it moves from air into the sample and are typically used to determine the refractive index of samples. There are five types of refractometers: traditional handheld refractometers, digital handheld refractometers, laboratory or Abbe refractometers, inline process refractometers and finally Rayleigh Refractometers for measuring the refractive indices of gases. Refractometers are widely used in various disciplines such as mineralogy, medicine, veterinary, automotive industry…..etc., to examine products as diverse as gemstones, blood samples, auto coolants, industrial oils. The refractive index is an optical parameter to analyze liquid samples. It serves to identify or confirm the identity of a sample by comparing its refractive index to known values, helps assess the purity of a sample by comparing its refractive index to the value for the pure substance, helps determine the concentration of a solute in a solution by comparing the solution's refractive index to a standard curve. Let us go briefly over the types of refractometers: TRADITIONAL REFRACTOMETERS take advantage of the critical angle principle by which a shadow line is projected onto a small glass thru prisms and lenses. The specimen is placed between a small cover plate and a measuring prism. The point at which the shadow line crosses the scale indicates the reading. There is automatic temperature compensation, because the refractive index varies based on temperature. DIGITAL HANDHELD REFRACTOMETERS are compact, lightweight, water and high temperature resistant testing devices. Measurement times are very short and in the range of two to three seconds only. LABORATORY REFRACTOMETERS are ideal for users planning to measure multiple parameters and get the outputs in various formats, take printouts. Laboratory refractometers offer a wider range and higher accuracy than handheld refractometers. They can be connected to computers and controlled externally. INLINE PROCESS REFRACTOMETERS can be configured to constantly collect specified statistics of the material remotely. The microprocessor control provides computer power that makes these devices very versatile, time-saving and economical. Finally, the RAYLEIGH REFRACTOMETER is used for measuring the refractive indices of gases. Quality of light is very important in the workplace, factory floor, hospitals, clinics, schools, public buildings and many other places. LUX METERS are used to measure luminuous intensity (brightness). Special optic filters match the spectral sensitivity of the human eye. Luminous intensity is measured and reported in foot-candle or lux (lx). One lux is equal to one lumen per square meter and one foot-candle is equal to one lumen per square foot. Modern lux meters are equipped with internal memory or a data logger to record the measurements, cosine correction of the angle of incident light and software to analyze readings. There are lux meters for measuring UVA radiation. High end version lux meters offer Class A status to meet CIE, graphic displays, statistical analysis functions, large measurement range up to 300 klx, manual or automatic range selection, USB and other outputs. A LASER RANGEFINDER is a test instrument which uses a laser beam to determine the distance to an object. Most laser rangefinders operation is based on the time of flight principle. A laser pulse is sent in a narrow beam towards the object and the time taken by the pulse to be reflected off the target and returned to the sender is measured. This equipment is not suitable however for high precision sub-millimeter measurements. Some laser rangefinders use the Doppler effect technique to determine whether the object is moving towards or away from the rangefinder as well as the object’s speed. The precision of a laser rangefinder is determined by the rise or fall time of the laser pulse and the speed of the receiver. Rangefinders that use very sharp laser pulses and very fast detectors are capable to measure the distance of an object to within a few millimeters. Laser beams will eventually spread over long distances due to the divergence of the laser beam. Also distortions caused by air bubbles in the air make it difficult to get an accurate reading of the distance of an object over long distances of more than 1 km in open and unobscured terrain and over even shorter distances in humid and foggy places. High end military rangefinders operate at ranges up to 25 km and are combined with binoculars or monoculars and can be connected to computers wirelessly. Laser rangefinders are used in 3-D object recognition and modelling, and a wide variety of computer vision-related fields such as time-of-flight 3D scanners offering high-precision scanning abilities. The range data retrieved from multiple angles of a single object can be used to produce complete 3-D models with as little error as possible. Laser rangefinders used in computer vision applications offer depth resolutions of tenths of millimeters or less. Many other application areas for laser rangefinders exist, such as sports, construction, industry, warehouse management. Modern laser measurement tools include functions such as capability to make simple calculations, such as the area and volume of a room, switching between imperial and metric units. An ULTRASONIC DISTANCE METER works on a similar principle as a laser distance meter, but instead of light it uses sound with a pitch too high for the human ear to hear. The speed of sound is only about 1/3 of a km per second, so the time measurement is easier. Ultrasound has many of the same advantages of a Laser Distance Meter, namely a single person and one-handed operation. There is no need to access the target personally. However ultrasound distance meters are intrinsically less accurate, because sound is far more difficult to focus than laser light. Accuracy is typically several centimeters or even worse, while it is a few millimeters for laser distance meters. Ultrasound needs a large, smooth, flat surface as the target. This is a severe limitation. You can’t measure to a narrow pipe or similar smaller targets. The ultrasound signal spreads out in a cone from the meter and any objects in the way can interfere with the measurement. Even with laser aiming, one cannot be sure that the surface from which the sound reflection is detected is the same as that where the laser dot is showing. This can lead to errors. Range is limited to tens of meters, whereas laser distance meters can measure hundreds of meters. Despite all these limitations, ultrasonic distance meters cost much less. Handheld ULTRASONIC CABLE HEIGHT METER is a test instrument for measuring cable sag, cable height and overhead clearance to ground. It is the safest method for cable height measurement because it eliminates cable contact and the use of heavy fiberglass poles. Similar to other ultrasonic distance meters, the cable height meter is a one-man simple operation device that sends ultrasound waves to target, measures time to echo, calculates distance based on speed of sound and adjusts itself for air temperature. A SOUND LEVEL METER is a testing instrument that measures sound pressure level. Sound level meters are useful in noise pollution studies for the quantification of different kinds of noise. The measurement of noise pollution is important in construction, aerospace, and many other industries. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) specifies sound level meters as three different types, namely 0, 1 and 2. The relevant ANSI standards set performance and accuracy tolerances according to three levels of precision: Type 0 is used in laboratories, Type 1 is used for precision measurements in the field, and Type 2 is used for general-purpose measurements. For compliance purposes, readings with an ANSI Type 2 sound level meter and dosimeter are considered to have an accuracy of ±2 dBA, whereas a Type 1 instrument has an accuracy of ±1 dBA. A Type 2 meter is the minimum requirement by OSHA for noise measurements, and is usually sufficient for general purpose noise surveys. The more accurate Type 1 meter is intended for the design of cost-effective noise controls. International industry standards related to frequency weighting, peak sound pressure levels….etc are beyond the scope here due to the details associated with them . Before purchasing a particular sound level meter, we advise that you make sure to know what standards compliance your workplace requires and make the right decision in purchasing a particular model of test instrument. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYZERS like TEMPERATURE & HUMIDITY CYCLING CHAMBERS, ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING CHAMBERS come in a variety of sizes, configurations and functions depending on the area of application, the specific industrial standards compliance needed and the end users needs. They can be configured and manufactured according to custom requirements. There is a broad range of test specifications such as MIL-STD, SAE, ASTM to help determine the most appropriate temperature humidity profile for your product. Temperature / humidity testing is generally carried out for : Accelerated Aging: Estimates the life of a product when actual lifespan is unknown under normal use. Accelerated aging exposes the product to high levels of controlled temperature, humidity, and pressure within a relatively shorter timeframe than the expected lifespan of the product. Instead of waiting long times and years to see product lifespan, one can determine it using these tests within a much shorter and reasonable time using these chambers. Accelerated Weathering: Simulates exposure from moisture, dew, heat, UV….etc. Weathering and UV exposure causes damage to coatings, plastics, inks, organic materials, devices…etc. Fading, yellowing, cracking, peeling, brittleness, loss of tensile strength, and delamination occur under prolonged UV exposure. Accelerated weathering tests are designed to determine if products will stand the test of time. Heat Soak/Exposure Thermal Shock: Aimed to determine the ability of materials, parts and components to withstand sudden changes in temperature. Thermal shock chambers rapidly cycle products between hot and cold temperature zones to see the effect of multiple thermal expansions and contractions as would be the case in nature or industrial environments throughout the many seasons and years. Pre & Post Conditioning: For conditioning of materials, containers, packages, devices…etc For details and other similar equipment, please visit our equipment website: http://www.sourceindustrialsupply.com CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

Machine Elements Manufacturing, Gears, Gear Drives, Bearings, Keys, Splines, Pins, Shafts, Seals, Fasteners, Clutch, Cams, Followers, Belts, Couplings, Shafts Machine Elements Manufacturing Read More Belts & Chains & Cable Drive Assembly Read More Gears & Gear Drive Assembly Read More Couplings & Bearings Manufacturing Read More Keys & Splines & Pins Manufacturing Read More Cams & Followers & Linkages & Ratchet Wheels Manufacturing Read More Shafts Manufacturing Read More Mechanical Seals Manufacturing Read More Clutch & Brake Assembly Read More Fasteners Manufacturing Read More Simple Machines Assembly MACHINE ELEMENTS are elementary components of a machine. These elements consist of three basic types: 1.) Structural components including frame members, bearings, axles, splines, fasteners, seals, and lubricants. 2.) Mechanisms controlling movement in various ways such as gear trains, belt or chain drives, linkages, cam and follower systems, brakes & clutches. 3.) Control components like buttons, switches, indicators, sensors, actuators and computer controllers. Most of the machine elements we offer you are standardized to common sizes, but custom made machine elements are also available for your specialized applications. Customization of machine elements can take place on existing designs that are in our downloadable catalogs or on brand new designs. Prototyping and manufacturing of machine elements can be carried forward once a design is approved by both parties. If new machine elements need to be designed & manufactured, our customers either email us their own blueprints and we review them for approval, or they ask us to design machine elements for their application. In the latter case we use all input from our customers and design the machine elements and send the finalized blueprints to our clients for approval. Once approved, we produce first articles and subsequently manufacture the machine elements according to the final design. At any stage of this work, in case a particular machine element design performs unsatisfactorily in the field (which is rare), we review the entire project and make alterations jointly with our clients as needed. It is our standard practice to sign nondisclosure agreements (NDA) with our customers for the design of machine elements or any other product whenever needed or required. Once machine elements for a particular customer are custom designed and manufactured, we assign a product code to it and only produce and sell them to our customer who owns the product. We reproduce the machine elements using the developed tools, molds and procedures as many times as needed and whenever our customer reorders them. In other words, once a custom machine element is designed and produced for you, the intellectual property as well as all tooling and molds are reserved and stocked indefinitely by us for you and the products reproduced as you wish. We also offer our clients engineering services by creatively combining machine elements into a component or assembly that serves an application and meets or exceeds our customers expectations. Plants fabricating our machine elements are qualified by either ISO9001, QS9000 or TS16949. In addition, most of our products do have CE or UL mark and meet internationally relevant standards such as ISO, SAE, ASME, DIN. Please click on submenus to obtain detailed information about our machine elements including: - Belts, Chains and Cable Drives - Gears and Gear Drives - Couplings & Bearings - Keys & Splines & pins - Cams & Linkages - Shafts - Mechanical Seals - Industrial Clutch & Brake - Fasteners - Simple Machines We have prepared a reference brochure for our customers, designers and developers of new products including machine elements. You can familiar yourself with some commonly used terms in machine components design: Download brochure for Common Mechanical Engineering Terms used by Designers and Engineers Our machine elements find applications in a variety of fields such as industrial machinery, automation systems, test and metrology equipment, transportation equipment, construction machines and practically anywhere you can think of. AGS-TECH develops and manufactures machine elements from various materials depending on application. Materials used for machine elements could range from molded plastics used for toys to case hardened and specially coated steel for industrial machinery. Our designers use state of the art professional software and design tools for developing machine elements, taking into consideration details such as angles in gear teeth, stresses involved, wear rates….etc. Please scroll through our submenus and download our product brochures and catalogs to see if you can locate off-the-shelf machine elements for your application. If you cannot find a good match for your application, please let us know and we will work with you to develop and manufacture machine elements that will fulfill your needs. If you are mostly interested in our engineering and research & development capabilities instead of manufacturing capabilities, then we invite you to visit our website http://www.ags-engineering.com where you can find more detailed information about our design, product development, process development, engineering consulting services and more CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE

Optical Connectors, Adapters, Terminators, Pigtails, Patchcords, Fiber Distribution Box, AGS-TECH Inc. - USA Optical Connectors & Interconnect Products We supply: • Optical connector assembly, adapters, terminators, pigtails, patchcords, connector faceplates, shelves, communication racks, fiber distribution box, FTTH node, optical platform. We have optical connector assembly and interconnection components for telecommunication, visible light transmission for illumination, endoscope, fiberscope and more. In recent years these optical interconnect products have become commodities and you can purchase these from us for a fraction of the prices you are probably paying now. Only those who are smart to keep procurement costs down can survive in today's global economy. CLICK Product Finder-Locator Service PREVIOUS PAGE